Slide 1
... half cycle of one wire is the same magnitude but 1800 out of phase for corresponding half cycle other wire. If the spacing between two wires is very small (s<<λ) , the fields radiated by the current of each wire are cancelled each other. The net result is an almost ideal nonradiating transmission li ...
... half cycle of one wire is the same magnitude but 1800 out of phase for corresponding half cycle other wire. If the spacing between two wires is very small (s<<λ) , the fields radiated by the current of each wire are cancelled each other. The net result is an almost ideal nonradiating transmission li ...
VCE Physics
... For this reason, some cancerous growths can be controlled or eliminated by irradiating the area containing the growth. External irradiation can be carried out using a gamma beam from a radioactive cobalt-60 source, though in developed countries the much more versatile ____________ accelerators are n ...
... For this reason, some cancerous growths can be controlled or eliminated by irradiating the area containing the growth. External irradiation can be carried out using a gamma beam from a radioactive cobalt-60 source, though in developed countries the much more versatile ____________ accelerators are n ...
MPhys Radiation and Matter 2016–2017
... transformations) without changing the physics i.e. the resulting fields; (2) that at distances large compared with source size and wavelength (the wave zone) the potentials and fields can be expressed as transverse waves with E = cB and E perpendicular to B; (3) that the fields due to a point charge ...
... transformations) without changing the physics i.e. the resulting fields; (2) that at distances large compared with source size and wavelength (the wave zone) the potentials and fields can be expressed as transverse waves with E = cB and E perpendicular to B; (3) that the fields due to a point charge ...
On the nature of light - Waves
... • Kirchhoff’s Laws – 1. A luminous solid or liquid, or a sufficiently dense gas, emits light of all wavelengths and so produces a continuous spectrum of radiation. – 2. A low-density hot gas emits light whose spectrum consists of a series of bright emission lines. These lines are characteristic of t ...
... • Kirchhoff’s Laws – 1. A luminous solid or liquid, or a sufficiently dense gas, emits light of all wavelengths and so produces a continuous spectrum of radiation. – 2. A low-density hot gas emits light whose spectrum consists of a series of bright emission lines. These lines are characteristic of t ...
GOAL 3: Construct an understanding of electricity and
... _____ 10. A person’s mass and weight are both measured on Earth and on the moon. Which is the same at both locations? A) mass only B) weight only C) both mass and weight D) both are different at two locations _____ 11. A car accelerates at a rate of 3.0 m/s2 after stopping at a red light. If the mas ...
... _____ 10. A person’s mass and weight are both measured on Earth and on the moon. Which is the same at both locations? A) mass only B) weight only C) both mass and weight D) both are different at two locations _____ 11. A car accelerates at a rate of 3.0 m/s2 after stopping at a red light. If the mas ...
Multipole radiation fields from the Jefimenko equation for the
... potentials are obtained 共assuming the Lorenz gauge兲 the electromagnetic fields are calculated with the aid of the relations E = −⌽ − 共1 / c兲共A / t兲 and B = ⫻ A 共we use Gaussian units兲. The resulting expressions for the fields are usually called Jefimenko’s equations because they appeared for th ...
... potentials are obtained 共assuming the Lorenz gauge兲 the electromagnetic fields are calculated with the aid of the relations E = −⌽ − 共1 / c兲共A / t兲 and B = ⫻ A 共we use Gaussian units兲. The resulting expressions for the fields are usually called Jefimenko’s equations because they appeared for th ...
Powerpoint Slides
... These rays cause tanning, burning, and skin cancer. Some insects can see in the ultraviolet, and some flowers have special markings that are only visible under ultraviolet light. X-rays have higher frequencies still, from 1017 Hz to 1020 Hz. They are used for medical imaging. ...
... These rays cause tanning, burning, and skin cancer. Some insects can see in the ultraviolet, and some flowers have special markings that are only visible under ultraviolet light. X-rays have higher frequencies still, from 1017 Hz to 1020 Hz. They are used for medical imaging. ...
chapter8-Section5
... and molecules because of their thermal vibration. • Absorption of IR by a cooler substance increases the vibration of the atoms and molecules, thus raising the temperature. ...
... and molecules because of their thermal vibration. • Absorption of IR by a cooler substance increases the vibration of the atoms and molecules, thus raising the temperature. ...
Compton scattering
... photon. This process is called inverse Compton to distinguish it from the direct Compton scattering, in which the electron is at rest, and it is the photon to give part of its energy to the electron. We have two regimes, that are called the Thomson and the Klein–Nishina regimes. The difference betwe ...
... photon. This process is called inverse Compton to distinguish it from the direct Compton scattering, in which the electron is at rest, and it is the photon to give part of its energy to the electron. We have two regimes, that are called the Thomson and the Klein–Nishina regimes. The difference betwe ...
X-ray Crystallography
... {Electrons (~500keV, as in electron microscope) are not a form of electromagnetic radiation, but they still have wave-like character (deBroglie wavelength ~0.01Å). Unlike photons (EM rad.), electrons are charged --> fry the specimen faster } M. Rould ‘02 ...
... {Electrons (~500keV, as in electron microscope) are not a form of electromagnetic radiation, but they still have wave-like character (deBroglie wavelength ~0.01Å). Unlike photons (EM rad.), electrons are charged --> fry the specimen faster } M. Rould ‘02 ...
Particles and Waves Summary Notes
... a substantial amount of energy is released in a small space. Some of this energy may be converted into mass (E = mc2), producing showers of nuclear particles. By passing these particles through a magnetic field and observing the deflection their mass and charge can be measured. For example, an elect ...
... a substantial amount of energy is released in a small space. Some of this energy may be converted into mass (E = mc2), producing showers of nuclear particles. By passing these particles through a magnetic field and observing the deflection their mass and charge can be measured. For example, an elect ...
Radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. This includes: electro-magnetic radiation (also known as ""continuum radiation"") γ such as radio waves, visible light, and x-rays particle radiation such as α, β, and neutron radiation (discrete energy per particle) acoustic radiation such as ultrasound, sound, and seismic waves. (dependent on intervening mass for transmission)Radiation is often categorized as either ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the energy of the radiated particles. Ionizing radiation carries more than 10 eV, which is enough to ionize atoms and molecules, and break chemical bonds. This is an important distinction due to the large difference in harmfulness to living organisms. A common source of ionizing radiation is radioactive materials that emit α, β, or γ radiation, consisting of helium nuclei, electrons or positrons, and photons, respectively. Other sources include X-rays from medical radiography examinations and muons, mesons, positrons, neutrons and other particles that constitute the secondary cosmic rays that are produced after primary cosmic rays interact with Earth's atmosphere.Gamma rays, X-rays and the higher energy range of ultraviolet light constitute the ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The lower-energy, longer-wavelength part of the spectrum including visible light, infrared light, microwaves, and radio waves is non-ionizing; its main effect when interacting with tissue is heating. This type of radiation only damages cells if the intensity is high enough to cause excessive heating. Ultraviolet radiation has some features of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. While the part of the ultraviolet spectrum that penetrates the Earth's atmosphere is non-ionizing, this radiation does far more damage to many molecules in biological systems than can be accounted for by heating effects, sunburn being a well-known example. These properties derive from ultraviolet's power to alter chemical bonds, even without having quite enough energy to ionize atoms.The word radiation arises from the phenomenon of waves radiating (i.e., traveling outward in all directions) from a source. This aspect leads to a system of measurements and physical units that are applicable to all types of radiation. Because such radiation expands as it passes through space, and as its energy is conserved (in vacuum), the intensity of all types of radiation from a point source follows an inverse-square law in relation to the distance from its source. This law does not apply close to an extended source of radiation or for focused beams.