Chapter 23 – Electromagnetic Waves
... diffraction) ◦ They had different frequencies and wavelengths which obeyed the relationship v = f λ for waves ◦ v was very close to 3 x 108 m/s, the known speed of light ...
... diffraction) ◦ They had different frequencies and wavelengths which obeyed the relationship v = f λ for waves ◦ v was very close to 3 x 108 m/s, the known speed of light ...
Information and Coding Theory - School of Electronic, Electrical and
... Source: MIT Open Courseware ...
... Source: MIT Open Courseware ...
2. Energy loss in Matter
... of the particle tends to polarize the atoms along its path, hence protecting electrons far away (this leads to a reduction/plateau at high energies). The curve has minimum at β=0.96 (γβ=3.5) and increases slightly for higher energies; for most practical purposes one can say the curve depends only on ...
... of the particle tends to polarize the atoms along its path, hence protecting electrons far away (this leads to a reduction/plateau at high energies). The curve has minimum at β=0.96 (γβ=3.5) and increases slightly for higher energies; for most practical purposes one can say the curve depends only on ...
Short questions from past papers
... 3. What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy? [2007 OL][2010 OL] Potential energy is energy a body has due to its position; kinetic energy is energy a body has due to its motion. 4. Give one factor on which the potential energy of a body depends. [2012 OL] Mass, acceleration ...
... 3. What is the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy? [2007 OL][2010 OL] Potential energy is energy a body has due to its position; kinetic energy is energy a body has due to its motion. 4. Give one factor on which the potential energy of a body depends. [2012 OL] Mass, acceleration ...
Nucleus and Radioactivity
... repulsion becomes too high for stability and if the number of neutrons is too high then not enough of them are paired with protons to yield stability. Such nucleii do however exist in nature but their life spans are limited. With the passage of time more and more of these nucleii are naturally disin ...
... repulsion becomes too high for stability and if the number of neutrons is too high then not enough of them are paired with protons to yield stability. Such nucleii do however exist in nature but their life spans are limited. With the passage of time more and more of these nucleii are naturally disin ...
ppt
... gives rise to the emission of electromagnetic transition radiation. About one photon is emitted for every 100 boundaries crossed. Transition radiation is emitted even if the velocity of the particle is less than the light velocity of a given wavelength, in contrast to Cerenkov radiation. Consequentl ...
... gives rise to the emission of electromagnetic transition radiation. About one photon is emitted for every 100 boundaries crossed. Transition radiation is emitted even if the velocity of the particle is less than the light velocity of a given wavelength, in contrast to Cerenkov radiation. Consequentl ...
Il`ja M. Frank - Nobel Lecture
... Since the discovery of the Vavilov-Cerenkov effect, our ideas of the mechanism of interaction between a rapidly moving particle and a medium have undergone a considerable change. Formerly it appeared unquestionable that radiation arising during an electromagnetic interaction between high-energy part ...
... Since the discovery of the Vavilov-Cerenkov effect, our ideas of the mechanism of interaction between a rapidly moving particle and a medium have undergone a considerable change. Formerly it appeared unquestionable that radiation arising during an electromagnetic interaction between high-energy part ...
Surface Tension of Water
... Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism: T ↑ (increase) = λ ↓ (decrease) (only true for long wavelengths) Planc: Claimed that the light was not a continuous flow of energy, but divided in small quants of photons. This means the net charge of any body can be only a whole-number multiple of the charge of ...
... Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism: T ↑ (increase) = λ ↓ (decrease) (only true for long wavelengths) Planc: Claimed that the light was not a continuous flow of energy, but divided in small quants of photons. This means the net charge of any body can be only a whole-number multiple of the charge of ...
R A D I A T I O N I... A S T R O P H Y S I... E D W A R D B R O W...
... sum of the electric field produced by individual charges. If we have a systems of many small, numerous charges, such that ∆q is the charge in an infinitesimal volume ∆V located at position x , then we can define a charge density ρ(x ) = ∆q/∆V. Integrating the electric field a surface enclosing a vol ...
... sum of the electric field produced by individual charges. If we have a systems of many small, numerous charges, such that ∆q is the charge in an infinitesimal volume ∆V located at position x , then we can define a charge density ρ(x ) = ∆q/∆V. Integrating the electric field a surface enclosing a vol ...
nuclear physics - The Physics Cafe
... A Incorrect. When a nucleus with a mass number less than about 80 splits into smaller nuclei, there is a decrease in the binding energy per nucleon, hence, energy is required to trigger the fission process i.e. energy is absorbed.. B Correct. When a nucleus with a mass number greater than 80 fuses w ...
... A Incorrect. When a nucleus with a mass number less than about 80 splits into smaller nuclei, there is a decrease in the binding energy per nucleon, hence, energy is required to trigger the fission process i.e. energy is absorbed.. B Correct. When a nucleus with a mass number greater than 80 fuses w ...
Simulation Study of Aspects of the Classical Hydrogen Atom
... the inherent difficulty of representing the stochastic electromagnetic fields adequately via simulation methods, without becoming too computationally intensive, but at the same time not leaving out key, important effects. Although interesting results have been found, clear directions are far from being ...
... the inherent difficulty of representing the stochastic electromagnetic fields adequately via simulation methods, without becoming too computationally intensive, but at the same time not leaving out key, important effects. Although interesting results have been found, clear directions are far from being ...
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS, the PHYSICS of LIGHT, and
... y, z, t) = {E0 , 0, 0} sin (ωt − kz), a plane wave with amplitude E0 , frequency ω = 2πf and wavevektor k and polarization along the x-axis, the wave propagating along the z-axis. Maxwells equations cover a great variety of phenomena of nature. To explore this wide range of topics one typically cons ...
... y, z, t) = {E0 , 0, 0} sin (ωt − kz), a plane wave with amplitude E0 , frequency ω = 2πf and wavevektor k and polarization along the x-axis, the wave propagating along the z-axis. Maxwells equations cover a great variety of phenomena of nature. To explore this wide range of topics one typically cons ...
Radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. This includes: electro-magnetic radiation (also known as ""continuum radiation"") γ such as radio waves, visible light, and x-rays particle radiation such as α, β, and neutron radiation (discrete energy per particle) acoustic radiation such as ultrasound, sound, and seismic waves. (dependent on intervening mass for transmission)Radiation is often categorized as either ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the energy of the radiated particles. Ionizing radiation carries more than 10 eV, which is enough to ionize atoms and molecules, and break chemical bonds. This is an important distinction due to the large difference in harmfulness to living organisms. A common source of ionizing radiation is radioactive materials that emit α, β, or γ radiation, consisting of helium nuclei, electrons or positrons, and photons, respectively. Other sources include X-rays from medical radiography examinations and muons, mesons, positrons, neutrons and other particles that constitute the secondary cosmic rays that are produced after primary cosmic rays interact with Earth's atmosphere.Gamma rays, X-rays and the higher energy range of ultraviolet light constitute the ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The lower-energy, longer-wavelength part of the spectrum including visible light, infrared light, microwaves, and radio waves is non-ionizing; its main effect when interacting with tissue is heating. This type of radiation only damages cells if the intensity is high enough to cause excessive heating. Ultraviolet radiation has some features of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. While the part of the ultraviolet spectrum that penetrates the Earth's atmosphere is non-ionizing, this radiation does far more damage to many molecules in biological systems than can be accounted for by heating effects, sunburn being a well-known example. These properties derive from ultraviolet's power to alter chemical bonds, even without having quite enough energy to ionize atoms.The word radiation arises from the phenomenon of waves radiating (i.e., traveling outward in all directions) from a source. This aspect leads to a system of measurements and physical units that are applicable to all types of radiation. Because such radiation expands as it passes through space, and as its energy is conserved (in vacuum), the intensity of all types of radiation from a point source follows an inverse-square law in relation to the distance from its source. This law does not apply close to an extended source of radiation or for focused beams.