radiation detector theory - rct study guide
... air. Some ionization detectors, particularly ionization chambers use only air, while other detectors use gas mixtures that ionize more readily to obtain the desired detector response. ...
... air. Some ionization detectors, particularly ionization chambers use only air, while other detectors use gas mixtures that ionize more readily to obtain the desired detector response. ...
Spectroscopy: Rotational and vibrational spectra
... Gross selection rules: the general features that a molecule must have to cause the spectrum of a given kind. Example: A molecule gives a rotational spectrum only if it has a permanent electric dipole moment. Specific selection rules: statements about which changes in quantum numbers may occur in a t ...
... Gross selection rules: the general features that a molecule must have to cause the spectrum of a given kind. Example: A molecule gives a rotational spectrum only if it has a permanent electric dipole moment. Specific selection rules: statements about which changes in quantum numbers may occur in a t ...
Module P9.3 Nuclear fission and fusion and radiation hazards
... atomic number, binding energy, charge, Einstein’s mass–energy equation, electric potential energy, electromagnetic radiation, electron, energy conservation, half-life, ionization, isotope, kinetic energy, magnetic field, mass number A, neutron, nucleon, nuclide, photon, proton, Q-value (i.e. energy ...
... atomic number, binding energy, charge, Einstein’s mass–energy equation, electric potential energy, electromagnetic radiation, electron, energy conservation, half-life, ionization, isotope, kinetic energy, magnetic field, mass number A, neutron, nucleon, nuclide, photon, proton, Q-value (i.e. energy ...
Radio Emission from the Sun and Stars
... sense of the o-mode. The reason for o-mode polarization is that the ratio of emissivity to absorption coefficient is larger for the o-mode than for the x mode, and electrons of slightly higher average energy produce o-mode emission in optically thick sources. For plasma radiation the polarization i ...
... sense of the o-mode. The reason for o-mode polarization is that the ratio of emissivity to absorption coefficient is larger for the o-mode than for the x mode, and electrons of slightly higher average energy produce o-mode emission in optically thick sources. For plasma radiation the polarization i ...
Module 13: Radiation Detector Theory
... air. Some ionization detectors, particularly ionization chambers use only air, while other detectors use gas mixtures that ionize more readily to obtain the desired detector response. Basic Theory A gaseous mixture in a normal undisturbed state has positive and negative charges which are balanced su ...
... air. Some ionization detectors, particularly ionization chambers use only air, while other detectors use gas mixtures that ionize more readily to obtain the desired detector response. Basic Theory A gaseous mixture in a normal undisturbed state has positive and negative charges which are balanced su ...
Eðlisfræði 2, vor 2007
... Learning Goal: To show how a propagating triangle electromagnetic wave can satisfy Maxwell's equations if the wave travels at speed c. Light, radiant heat (infrared radiation), X rays, and radio waves are all examples of traveling electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves consist of mutually comp ...
... Learning Goal: To show how a propagating triangle electromagnetic wave can satisfy Maxwell's equations if the wave travels at speed c. Light, radiant heat (infrared radiation), X rays, and radio waves are all examples of traveling electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves consist of mutually comp ...
Chapter 8 Notes
... Fluorescent lights use the UV emitted by mercury atoms to cause a powder on the tube’s inner surface to emit visible light. ...
... Fluorescent lights use the UV emitted by mercury atoms to cause a powder on the tube’s inner surface to emit visible light. ...
Document
... Wavelength and frequency An important property of electromagnetic waves is that in empty space they all travel at exactly the same speed of about 300 000 kilometres per second (2.997 924 58 108 m.s-1 to be more precise) quite independently of their wavelength and frequency. The quantities which ch ...
... Wavelength and frequency An important property of electromagnetic waves is that in empty space they all travel at exactly the same speed of about 300 000 kilometres per second (2.997 924 58 108 m.s-1 to be more precise) quite independently of their wavelength and frequency. The quantities which ch ...
Particle acceleration in an active medium - Technion
... have to realize that the field of a moving particle consists of a superposition of evanescent waves. As the particle moves in a vacuum channel of radius R surrounded by a dielectric medium «r , the evanescent waves hit the discontinuity at r5R and they are partially reflected and partially transmitt ...
... have to realize that the field of a moving particle consists of a superposition of evanescent waves. As the particle moves in a vacuum channel of radius R surrounded by a dielectric medium «r , the evanescent waves hit the discontinuity at r5R and they are partially reflected and partially transmitt ...
REVIEW OF CONCEPTS, QUANTITIES, UNITS AND
... "Units of Measurement" (IS082), i.e. in two parallel lists, one pertaining to quantities, the other to the corresponding units. The lists are self-explanatory and contain some very brief conceptual definitions. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the basic physical concepts and with the g ...
... "Units of Measurement" (IS082), i.e. in two parallel lists, one pertaining to quantities, the other to the corresponding units. The lists are self-explanatory and contain some very brief conceptual definitions. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the basic physical concepts and with the g ...
[Problems] Walker, Physics, 3 Edition Chapter 30 Conceptual
... windows. If the decal has been in place for a long time, the colors will show some fading from exposure to the Sun. In fact, the red stripes are generally more faded than the blue background for the stars, as shown in the accompanying photo. Photographs and posters react in the same way, with red co ...
... windows. If the decal has been in place for a long time, the colors will show some fading from exposure to the Sun. In fact, the red stripes are generally more faded than the blue background for the stars, as shown in the accompanying photo. Photographs and posters react in the same way, with red co ...
Radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. This includes: electro-magnetic radiation (also known as ""continuum radiation"") γ such as radio waves, visible light, and x-rays particle radiation such as α, β, and neutron radiation (discrete energy per particle) acoustic radiation such as ultrasound, sound, and seismic waves. (dependent on intervening mass for transmission)Radiation is often categorized as either ionizing or non-ionizing depending on the energy of the radiated particles. Ionizing radiation carries more than 10 eV, which is enough to ionize atoms and molecules, and break chemical bonds. This is an important distinction due to the large difference in harmfulness to living organisms. A common source of ionizing radiation is radioactive materials that emit α, β, or γ radiation, consisting of helium nuclei, electrons or positrons, and photons, respectively. Other sources include X-rays from medical radiography examinations and muons, mesons, positrons, neutrons and other particles that constitute the secondary cosmic rays that are produced after primary cosmic rays interact with Earth's atmosphere.Gamma rays, X-rays and the higher energy range of ultraviolet light constitute the ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The lower-energy, longer-wavelength part of the spectrum including visible light, infrared light, microwaves, and radio waves is non-ionizing; its main effect when interacting with tissue is heating. This type of radiation only damages cells if the intensity is high enough to cause excessive heating. Ultraviolet radiation has some features of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. While the part of the ultraviolet spectrum that penetrates the Earth's atmosphere is non-ionizing, this radiation does far more damage to many molecules in biological systems than can be accounted for by heating effects, sunburn being a well-known example. These properties derive from ultraviolet's power to alter chemical bonds, even without having quite enough energy to ionize atoms.The word radiation arises from the phenomenon of waves radiating (i.e., traveling outward in all directions) from a source. This aspect leads to a system of measurements and physical units that are applicable to all types of radiation. Because such radiation expands as it passes through space, and as its energy is conserved (in vacuum), the intensity of all types of radiation from a point source follows an inverse-square law in relation to the distance from its source. This law does not apply close to an extended source of radiation or for focused beams.