Nutrients and the structure of macromolecules File
... OH R There are 20 naturally occurring amino acids. The “R” group is the only part of the amino acid that makes them different from one another. It is the combination and number of these 20 amino acids in proteins that gives us our varying traits. When peptide bonds hook amino acids together into a c ...
... OH R There are 20 naturally occurring amino acids. The “R” group is the only part of the amino acid that makes them different from one another. It is the combination and number of these 20 amino acids in proteins that gives us our varying traits. When peptide bonds hook amino acids together into a c ...
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans
... highlight insights learned in studying the digestion, absorption, and transport of dietary carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. The descriptions and diagrams are aimed at an audience of teachers of physiology who want to understand the details of the biochemistry of digestion and the physiology of e ...
... highlight insights learned in studying the digestion, absorption, and transport of dietary carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. The descriptions and diagrams are aimed at an audience of teachers of physiology who want to understand the details of the biochemistry of digestion and the physiology of e ...
2.3 Biomolecules Hon
... Organic: contains carbon and hydrogen ◦ All living things contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S) Monomer: created when C,H,O, N, P bond together to form small molecules Polymer: large compounds that are formed by joining monomers together ...
... Organic: contains carbon and hydrogen ◦ All living things contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S) Monomer: created when C,H,O, N, P bond together to form small molecules Polymer: large compounds that are formed by joining monomers together ...
PPT - CBE Project Server
... o double sugars (***table 9.2***) o Maltose (glu & glu) o sucrose (glu & fru) o lactose (glu & gal) ...
... o double sugars (***table 9.2***) o Maltose (glu & glu) o sucrose (glu & fru) o lactose (glu & gal) ...
CHAPTER 5 THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LARGE
... 9. Identify an ester linkage and describe how it is formed. 10. Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fats. 11. Name the principal energy storage molecules of plants and animals. Proteins have Many Structures, Resulting in a Wide Range of Functions 12. Distinguish between a protein and a pol ...
... 9. Identify an ester linkage and describe how it is formed. 10. Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fats. 11. Name the principal energy storage molecules of plants and animals. Proteins have Many Structures, Resulting in a Wide Range of Functions 12. Distinguish between a protein and a pol ...
Anatomic description of the proventriculus and gizzard of an ostrich
... the interior of the proventiculus, the openings of various gland ducts and cross-sectional cuts of muscle strands were observed. The main part of the gizzard is its body, which separates the two craniodorsal and caudoventral blind sacs, which are prominent at the two extremities of the organ. It has ...
... the interior of the proventiculus, the openings of various gland ducts and cross-sectional cuts of muscle strands were observed. The main part of the gizzard is its body, which separates the two craniodorsal and caudoventral blind sacs, which are prominent at the two extremities of the organ. It has ...
THE CHEMICAL BASICS OF LIFE
... • TRANSPORT Channels to move items into/out of Cell Membranes • DEFENSE –Immune system, White blood cells in the blood ...
... • TRANSPORT Channels to move items into/out of Cell Membranes • DEFENSE –Immune system, White blood cells in the blood ...
File
... The major function of fats is energy storage. A gram of fat stores more than twice as much energy as a gram of a polysaccharide. Humans and other mammals store fats as long-term energy reserves in special cells. Fat also functions to ...
... The major function of fats is energy storage. A gram of fat stores more than twice as much energy as a gram of a polysaccharide. Humans and other mammals store fats as long-term energy reserves in special cells. Fat also functions to ...
Chapter 2 - FacultyWeb
... 6.023 x 1023/easier to keep track of relative numbers of atoms in chemical samples Is a quantity with a weight in grams equal to that element’s atomic weight/because one mole of a given element always contains the same number of atoms as one mole of any other element The total number of neutrons and ...
... 6.023 x 1023/easier to keep track of relative numbers of atoms in chemical samples Is a quantity with a weight in grams equal to that element’s atomic weight/because one mole of a given element always contains the same number of atoms as one mole of any other element The total number of neutrons and ...
1 a Nutrients1 (2)
... 2. The enzyme grabs on to the substrate at a special area called the active site. Enzymes are very, very specific and don't just grab on to any molecule. The active site is a specially shaped area of the enzyme that fits around the substrate. ...
... 2. The enzyme grabs on to the substrate at a special area called the active site. Enzymes are very, very specific and don't just grab on to any molecule. The active site is a specially shaped area of the enzyme that fits around the substrate. ...
Lipids General function
... a- Insolubility in water and solubility in organic solvents like chloroform-,etc b- some relation to fatty acids esters, either actual or potential phospholipids have very little solubility in water total body lipid in man is ...
... a- Insolubility in water and solubility in organic solvents like chloroform-,etc b- some relation to fatty acids esters, either actual or potential phospholipids have very little solubility in water total body lipid in man is ...
Study Guide Questions Midterm 2
... 13. Name two main usages for glucose. 14. What is a dietary fiber? Functional fiber? Total fiber? 15. Categorize gums, mucilage, pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and resistant starch into soluble ...
... 13. Name two main usages for glucose. 14. What is a dietary fiber? Functional fiber? Total fiber? 15. Categorize gums, mucilage, pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and resistant starch into soluble ...
Chapter 6 Proteins and Amino Acids I Introduction II The Structure of
... II The Structure of Amino Acids and of Protein A. What is the structure of an amino acid? 1. central carbon and one hydrogen 2. an acid group (carbon, a oxygen and an OH) (COOH) 3. an amino group (NH2) 4. a side chain, which is different for each amino acid (make amino acids differ in size, shape, a ...
... II The Structure of Amino Acids and of Protein A. What is the structure of an amino acid? 1. central carbon and one hydrogen 2. an acid group (carbon, a oxygen and an OH) (COOH) 3. an amino group (NH2) 4. a side chain, which is different for each amino acid (make amino acids differ in size, shape, a ...
The six elements that make up 99.9% of all living things include
... 1. they are lipids 2. they will react with most body chemicals 3. they can only be used once 4. they usually slow down reactions and prevent overheating of the cells 5. they usually speed up chemical reactions ...
... 1. they are lipids 2. they will react with most body chemicals 3. they can only be used once 4. they usually slow down reactions and prevent overheating of the cells 5. they usually speed up chemical reactions ...
Chapter 6 Proteins and Amino Acids I Introduction II The Structure of
... absorbed into the blood? 2. places making enzymes for protein digestion- stomach, pancreas, surface of small ...
... absorbed into the blood? 2. places making enzymes for protein digestion- stomach, pancreas, surface of small ...
Decomposition
... • Lysosomes are the cells' garbage disposal system. They are used for the digestion of macromolecules from phagocytosis (ingestion of other dying cells or larger extracellular material, like foreign invading microbes), ...
... • Lysosomes are the cells' garbage disposal system. They are used for the digestion of macromolecules from phagocytosis (ingestion of other dying cells or larger extracellular material, like foreign invading microbes), ...
Organic Macromolecules Review Ch. 2
... Regulatory functions (enzymes, etc) Long-term energy storage Stores genetic information ...
... Regulatory functions (enzymes, etc) Long-term energy storage Stores genetic information ...
PPT
... • Carbohydrates and fats contain large amounts of carbon and hydrogen that can be oxidized for energy. They are not good for building protoplasm because they do not contain nitrogen. • Not all carbohydrates are digestible. Animals cannot digest the cell walls of plants. These structures provide fibe ...
... • Carbohydrates and fats contain large amounts of carbon and hydrogen that can be oxidized for energy. They are not good for building protoplasm because they do not contain nitrogen. • Not all carbohydrates are digestible. Animals cannot digest the cell walls of plants. These structures provide fibe ...
File
... 10. Although many proteins are enzymes, there are many other types of proteins in our bodies. Give 4 other types of proteins (HEATS: acronym to remember types) and their role in living things. 11. Draw the structural formula of a typical amino acid. Circle the amino group, acid group and remainder. ...
... 10. Although many proteins are enzymes, there are many other types of proteins in our bodies. Give 4 other types of proteins (HEATS: acronym to remember types) and their role in living things. 11. Draw the structural formula of a typical amino acid. Circle the amino group, acid group and remainder. ...
macromolecules
... conformations (shapes). • Polypeptides are polymers of amino acids. Amino acids polypeptides protein ...
... conformations (shapes). • Polypeptides are polymers of amino acids. Amino acids polypeptides protein ...
Removal of materials from the blood
... Regulates the level of glucose in the blood De-amination of some proteins Excess glucose stored as glycogen Some plasma proteins are synthesised Liver maintains a stable internal environment • Liver provides cells with optimum conditions ...
... Regulates the level of glucose in the blood De-amination of some proteins Excess glucose stored as glycogen Some plasma proteins are synthesised Liver maintains a stable internal environment • Liver provides cells with optimum conditions ...
2008b(12): Detail the protective and regulatory roles of the liver
... 2008b(12): Detail the protective and regulatory roles of the liver. General: the liver is the largest gland in the body and has multiple functions involved in many essential processes in the body. It is the interface between the gut and the body and therefore has a role in protection from organisms ...
... 2008b(12): Detail the protective and regulatory roles of the liver. General: the liver is the largest gland in the body and has multiple functions involved in many essential processes in the body. It is the interface between the gut and the body and therefore has a role in protection from organisms ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.