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COMPUTATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN THE STRUCTURAL STABILITY OF ‘ALL­ALPHA’  PROTEINS: THE N­H...Π INTERACTIONS 
COMPUTATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN THE STRUCTURAL STABILITY OF ‘ALL­ALPHA’  PROTEINS: THE N­H...Π INTERACTIONS 

... The values of S obtained for all the amino acids were plotted in Fig.  3.  The  percentage  ratio  calculated  shows  that  Arg  make  the  maximum contribution to this N‐H...π interaction (52 interactions in  a total of 160 interactions). It might be due to the fact that  the side  chain of arginin ...
Facultative Anaerobiosis in the Invertebrates: Pathways and Control
Facultative Anaerobiosis in the Invertebrates: Pathways and Control

... reductase system. Studies of this nature, together with the report of Seidman and Entner (1961), made it clear that Ascaris muscle relied on this backward pathway for much of its energy supply, since ATP generation was found to be associated with the electron transport system coupled to the fumarate ...
sequence-structure relationship - HAL
sequence-structure relationship - HAL

... it reduces the protein 3D complexity into one-dimensional string of characters. Based on this description, the local structure descriptions was extended to longer fragments, using an unsupervised clustering method called "Hybrid Protein Model" (HPM, (de Brevern and Hazout, 2001; de Brevern and Hazou ...
Test composition for detecting hydrogen peroxide
Test composition for detecting hydrogen peroxide

... bloodstream results. Above normal levels of uric acid It is another object of this invention to provide an acid indicate conditions which are characterized by- renal 60 indicator for'hydrogen peroxide producing enzyme sysf insu?iciency (nephritis), metabolic disturbances (gout) terns which does not ...
Biology 103 Lecture and Biology 103A Lab Objectives
Biology 103 Lecture and Biology 103A Lab Objectives

... formation of some ATP origin and fate of: citric acid (C6) reason for calling this a cycle location Note: oxygen is not used in the citric acid cycle 9. Trace the transfer of hydrogen or hydrogen electrons (from NADH2) through the electron transport system in aerobic cellular respiration. Know this ...
25-2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
25-2 Carbohydrate Metabolism

... • Separates outer and inner membranes ...
PowerPoint - Scranton Prep Biology
PowerPoint - Scranton Prep Biology

Combining Rational and Evolutionary Approaches
Combining Rational and Evolutionary Approaches

Taxonomic Study of Anaerobic, Gram-Negative, Rod
Taxonomic Study of Anaerobic, Gram-Negative, Rod

Translational selection is operative for synonymous codon usage in
Translational selection is operative for synonymous codon usage in

... that there is a match between these codons and the most abundant tRNAs. Therefore, for E. coli it was proposed that the triplets that are recognized more efficiently by the most abundant isoacceptor are preferred, and the degree of bias in each gene should be proportional to the level of expression. ...
novel nucleotide carrier proteins of Protochlamydia
novel nucleotide carrier proteins of Protochlamydia

... general the obligate intracellular lifestyle correlates with a drastically reduced genome of the bacteria, typically showing defects in essential biosynthetic pathways (Moran, 2002) and compensatory transport mechanisms for the import of key metabolites from the host cytosol (Moulder, 1991). For exa ...
sequence is horizontal/vertical? To answer this question lets align
sequence is horizontal/vertical? To answer this question lets align

... can be used to align both nucleotide and amino acid sequences More reliable alignments are usually obtained by using amino acid sequences 1.Amino acids change less frequently during evolution than nucleotides 2.There are 20 amino acids and only 4 nucleotides, so the probability for 2 sites to be ide ...
biotransformation - University of California, Berkeley
biotransformation - University of California, Berkeley

... The developments of the industrial revolution stimulated a rise in many occupational diseases. Percival Pott in 1775 recognized the role of soot in scrotal cancer among chimney sweeps and the problem was solved by instructing chimney sweeps to clean themselves after work. The causative agents were p ...
BH4 deficiency
BH4 deficiency

... The ferric chloride test (for urine):  not sensitive: usually positive at plasma Phe concentrations above 900 μM (dark green coloration)  not specific: a slightly altered color reaction may be indicative of other metabolic disorders/medication: maple syrup disease (MSUD)  tyrosinemia  salicylat ...
- Atherosclerosis
- Atherosclerosis

... pattern; i.e. the serum levels of triacylglycerols were not affected whereas hepatic concentrations were significantly reduced. Since there was a lower fecal excretion in apoE − / − mice of gel group, one may suggest that the uptake of triacylglycerols by extra hepatic tissues was increased. Since h ...
Reduced Expression of Aconitase Results in an
Reduced Expression of Aconitase Results in an

... Krebs cycle and reduced levels of Krebs cycle intermediates but were characterized by elevated adenylate levels and an enhanced rate of CO2 assimilation. Furthermore, the analysis of both steady-state metabolite levels and metabolic fluxes revealed that this accession also exhibited elevated rates o ...
Acids and Bases Unit
Acids and Bases Unit

...  Acids and Bases have different characteristics and properties   There are different models of acids and bases (primarily use the Bronsted‐Lowry Model)   Strong acids and bases dissociate fully, whereas weak acids and bases do not   Neutralization reactions: acids and bases react to for a salt a ...
Final Sabatini Project 2009
Final Sabatini Project 2009

... -Mutations are changes made to a cell’s genome - Can by caused by radiation, viruses, chemical mutagens, and random errors in DNA replication - Most mutations are harmless ...
Citric acid cycle
Citric acid cycle

... • During cellular respiration, most energy flows in this sequence: glucose  NADH  electron transport chain  proton-motive force  ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 32 ATP • There are several reasons why the number ...
RED CELL MEMBRANE DEFECTS
RED CELL MEMBRANE DEFECTS

... Structural & biochemical integrity of the RBC depends on: The normal function of more than 20 enzymes involved in these pathways The availability of five RBC substrates: Glucose, Glutathione, NAD, NAD phosphate & Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ...
Natural selection shaped regional mtDNA
Natural selection shaped regional mtDNA

Introduction: Dietary carbohydrates digestion give mainly
Introduction: Dietary carbohydrates digestion give mainly

Positional-Scanning Combinatorial Libraries of Fluorescence
Positional-Scanning Combinatorial Libraries of Fluorescence

... We have previously described fluorescence resonance energy transfer peptide analogues of the N-domain specific substrate N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKPOH) (25). The peptides Abz-SDK(Dnp)P-OH and Abz-TDK(Dnp)P-OH exhibited high N-domain selectivity, but were barely hydrolyzed by the C ...
Time course of differential mitochondrial energy metabolism
Time course of differential mitochondrial energy metabolism

... of ATP from adenosine 5V-diphosphate (ADP) and phosphate by the ATP-synthase. Mitochondrial metabolism is involved in CH adaptation via energy regulation, generation of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis [4–7]. Most of the studies have examined the global cardiac response to CH despite the selec ...
Chemistry Section 2 Spell check on
Chemistry Section 2 Spell check on

... 8. Sodium carbonate is used in the manufacture of soaps, glass and paper as MARKS well as the treatment of water. One industrial process used to make sodium carbonate is the Solvay process. The Solvay process involves several different chemical reactions. It starts with heating calcium carbonate ...
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Biosynthesis



Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.
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