Analysis of the Compartmentation of Glycolytic
... to seven taken by Riens et al. (1991) to have enough material in each fraction to be able to measure the marker enzyme distribution and metabolites as accurately as possible. We used the mean percentage distribution of pyrophosphatase and AGPase activities as plastidial marker and the mean distribut ...
... to seven taken by Riens et al. (1991) to have enough material in each fraction to be able to measure the marker enzyme distribution and metabolites as accurately as possible. We used the mean percentage distribution of pyrophosphatase and AGPase activities as plastidial marker and the mean distribut ...
Biochemical Pathways
... they are able to use the energy to power activities such as reproduction, movement, and growth. These reactions form a biochemical pathway when they are linked to one another. The products of one reaction are used as the reactants for the next. Organisms such as green plants, algae, and certain bact ...
... they are able to use the energy to power activities such as reproduction, movement, and growth. These reactions form a biochemical pathway when they are linked to one another. The products of one reaction are used as the reactants for the next. Organisms such as green plants, algae, and certain bact ...
2014_ACIC - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio institucional
... bisArgs homologues of 8, 10 and 12 carbon atoms (Figure 4, 2, n=6, 8 and 10, respectively) using diaminoalkane spacer chains of varying length (Figure 4, 2, s=1-10) were prepared at multigram scale employing chemical methodology [62]. The method used for this first approach involved chemical protect ...
... bisArgs homologues of 8, 10 and 12 carbon atoms (Figure 4, 2, n=6, 8 and 10, respectively) using diaminoalkane spacer chains of varying length (Figure 4, 2, s=1-10) were prepared at multigram scale employing chemical methodology [62]. The method used for this first approach involved chemical protect ...
Supplemental Information
... was replaced with incubation in formamide and/or 10 mM EDTA at 95°C, conditions expected to abrogate RNA secondary structure. These results suggest that the species in Supplementary Fig. 5 arise from nuclease-mediated RNA cleavage, and not from the release of small molecules non-covalently associate ...
... was replaced with incubation in formamide and/or 10 mM EDTA at 95°C, conditions expected to abrogate RNA secondary structure. These results suggest that the species in Supplementary Fig. 5 arise from nuclease-mediated RNA cleavage, and not from the release of small molecules non-covalently associate ...
Citrate synthase proteins in extremophilic organisms: Studies within
... The primary characteristics of globular proteins are their native structures and sequences of amino acids. An evolutionary divergence from a common ancestor may lead diverse sequences to fold to nearly the same native structure. One particularly interesting example is citrate synthase (CS), an enzym ...
... The primary characteristics of globular proteins are their native structures and sequences of amino acids. An evolutionary divergence from a common ancestor may lead diverse sequences to fold to nearly the same native structure. One particularly interesting example is citrate synthase (CS), an enzym ...
Insulin, Glucagon, and Diabetes Mellitus
... insulin stimulates transport of many amino acids into the cells (valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) increases translation of mRNA ("turns on" the ribosomal machinery) increases transcription of DNA (enzymes) inhibits catabolism of proteins (lysosomes) depresses gluconeogenesis ...
... insulin stimulates transport of many amino acids into the cells (valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) increases translation of mRNA ("turns on" the ribosomal machinery) increases transcription of DNA (enzymes) inhibits catabolism of proteins (lysosomes) depresses gluconeogenesis ...
Effect of RNAi down-regulation of three lysine-deficient
... messenger RNA from producing a protein. This process is instigated by the enzyme Dicer, which cuts long double-stranded RNA molecules into short fragments of ~20 nucleotides. This is called RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). ...
... messenger RNA from producing a protein. This process is instigated by the enzyme Dicer, which cuts long double-stranded RNA molecules into short fragments of ~20 nucleotides. This is called RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). ...
Slide 1
... provide energy for life • All living organisms require energy to maintain homeostasis, to move, and to reproduce • Photosynthesis converts energy from the sun to glucose and O2 • Cellular respiration breaks down glucose and releases energy in ATP • Energy flows through an ecosystem; chemicals ...
... provide energy for life • All living organisms require energy to maintain homeostasis, to move, and to reproduce • Photosynthesis converts energy from the sun to glucose and O2 • Cellular respiration breaks down glucose and releases energy in ATP • Energy flows through an ecosystem; chemicals ...
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): mechanisms of action
... activation of descending serotonergic pathways. Debate exists about its primary site of action, which may be inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis or through an active metabolite influencing cannabinoid receptors. Prostaglandin H2 synthetase (PGHS) is the enzyme responsible for metabolism of ar ...
... activation of descending serotonergic pathways. Debate exists about its primary site of action, which may be inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis or through an active metabolite influencing cannabinoid receptors. Prostaglandin H2 synthetase (PGHS) is the enzyme responsible for metabolism of ar ...
Investigating the link between tRNA and mRNA - EMBL-EBI
... The three main roles in the central dogma are fulfilled by dna, rna and proteins, respectively, and we are now going to take a look at all of them in turn. ...
... The three main roles in the central dogma are fulfilled by dna, rna and proteins, respectively, and we are now going to take a look at all of them in turn. ...
Heptad repeat sequences are located adjacent to hydrophobic
... Fig. 1. Amino acid sequences of hydrophobic and adjacent beptad repeat regions in virus fusion glycoproteins. A gap has been inserted into all of the sequences to separate the regions of heptad repeats (to the right of the gap) from the regions containing hydrophobic peptides. I to 6, Paramyxovirus ...
... Fig. 1. Amino acid sequences of hydrophobic and adjacent beptad repeat regions in virus fusion glycoproteins. A gap has been inserted into all of the sequences to separate the regions of heptad repeats (to the right of the gap) from the regions containing hydrophobic peptides. I to 6, Paramyxovirus ...
Haem biosynthesis and excretion of porphyrins
... All cells are able to handle haem left over from the breakdown of haem proteins, thus preventing toxic accumulation of the compound. Haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1, EC 1.14.99.3), situated in the endoplasmic reticulum, is considered as a heat shock protein that is ubiquitously expressed, but is present in e ...
... All cells are able to handle haem left over from the breakdown of haem proteins, thus preventing toxic accumulation of the compound. Haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1, EC 1.14.99.3), situated in the endoplasmic reticulum, is considered as a heat shock protein that is ubiquitously expressed, but is present in e ...
Metabolic reaction network approach for CHO
... vitamins, amino acids, lipids, nucleic acid precursors, carbohydrates, trace elements, salts, bulk ions and often growth factors and hormones. Components that ensure constant pH levels are also necessary [5]. Historically, the media were designed using a base medium supplemented with several factors ...
... vitamins, amino acids, lipids, nucleic acid precursors, carbohydrates, trace elements, salts, bulk ions and often growth factors and hormones. Components that ensure constant pH levels are also necessary [5]. Historically, the media were designed using a base medium supplemented with several factors ...
Cloning and analysis of the mobile element gypsy from D. virilis
... different genes cloned from D. melanogaster and D. virilis vary from 60% to more than 80% (16-23). Our finding of the active gypsy element in D. virilis with the degree of amino acid identity comparable to that of the 'usual' genes suggests that this element may have appeared in this species by hori ...
... different genes cloned from D. melanogaster and D. virilis vary from 60% to more than 80% (16-23). Our finding of the active gypsy element in D. virilis with the degree of amino acid identity comparable to that of the 'usual' genes suggests that this element may have appeared in this species by hori ...
AMP-activated protein kinase regulation of fatty acid oxidation in the
... which is activated under conditions of metabolic stress such as hypoxia, or under conditions where ATP is depleted. AMPK is an important modulator of fatty acid metabolism in the myocardium by accelerating fatty acid oxidation when ATP is low, and decreasing fatty acid oxidation when ATP supply is h ...
... which is activated under conditions of metabolic stress such as hypoxia, or under conditions where ATP is depleted. AMPK is an important modulator of fatty acid metabolism in the myocardium by accelerating fatty acid oxidation when ATP is low, and decreasing fatty acid oxidation when ATP supply is h ...
Correlation between Chlorophyll and
... support their findings. In addition, the green tissue extracts ex- the incubation medium, the incorporation of L-phenylalaninehibited higher PAL and PRO activity than the chlorophyll- U-14C into chlorogenic acid was drastically reduced. This deficient tissue. Polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis ...
... support their findings. In addition, the green tissue extracts ex- the incubation medium, the incorporation of L-phenylalaninehibited higher PAL and PRO activity than the chlorophyll- U-14C into chlorogenic acid was drastically reduced. This deficient tissue. Polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.