101 -- 2006
... a) six molecules of carbon dioxide. c) two molecules of pyruvate. e) two molecules of fructose. b) two molecules of NADH. d) two molecules of citric acid. __ 57. During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules produced? a) 2 b) 4 c) 34 d) 36 e) 38 __ 58. Where does glycolysis occur? a) Surf ...
... a) six molecules of carbon dioxide. c) two molecules of pyruvate. e) two molecules of fructose. b) two molecules of NADH. d) two molecules of citric acid. __ 57. During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules produced? a) 2 b) 4 c) 34 d) 36 e) 38 __ 58. Where does glycolysis occur? a) Surf ...
Lab 1 Introduction to nucleic acids Structural Properties
... • In biological systems, they serve as information-carrying molecules. • As DNA and RNA are the major molecules of molecular biology, understanding their structure is critical to understand the mechanisms of gene replication and protein synthesis. • What are DNA and RNA: • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ...
... • In biological systems, they serve as information-carrying molecules. • As DNA and RNA are the major molecules of molecular biology, understanding their structure is critical to understand the mechanisms of gene replication and protein synthesis. • What are DNA and RNA: • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ...
Amino Acids and Proteins
... protein. The structural formulas of di- and tripeptides are written. The secondary forms of protein structure include the alpha helix, pleated sheet and collagen. The interaction of side groups to form the cross-links of tertiary structure is discussed. The breakdown in the secondary and tertiary st ...
... protein. The structural formulas of di- and tripeptides are written. The secondary forms of protein structure include the alpha helix, pleated sheet and collagen. The interaction of side groups to form the cross-links of tertiary structure is discussed. The breakdown in the secondary and tertiary st ...
Physical Properties - Chemistry at Winthrop University
... start and finish of every amino acid are involved in forming peptide bonds, we usually only need to worry about the side chains. ...
... start and finish of every amino acid are involved in forming peptide bonds, we usually only need to worry about the side chains. ...
מצגת של PowerPoint
... http://courses.md.huji.ac.il/81817 https://eduportal.ekmd.huji.ac.il/courses/81817 ...
... http://courses.md.huji.ac.il/81817 https://eduportal.ekmd.huji.ac.il/courses/81817 ...
Chp5B - OoCities
... 1. Carbohydrates. 2. Lipids. 3. Proteins. 4. Nucleic acids. Most polymerization reactions in living organisms are condensation reactions. Polymerization reactions -- Chemical reactions that link two or more small molecules to form larger molecules. Condensation reactions -- Monomers are covalently l ...
... 1. Carbohydrates. 2. Lipids. 3. Proteins. 4. Nucleic acids. Most polymerization reactions in living organisms are condensation reactions. Polymerization reactions -- Chemical reactions that link two or more small molecules to form larger molecules. Condensation reactions -- Monomers are covalently l ...
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
... The poly-A tail makes the RNA molecule more stable and prevents its degradation. The processed mRNA is now ready to undergo splicing in preparation for translation. ...
... The poly-A tail makes the RNA molecule more stable and prevents its degradation. The processed mRNA is now ready to undergo splicing in preparation for translation. ...
Introduction and Chemistry (Ch1 2)
... • DNA is a double stranded molecule that resides in the cell nucleus • RNA is single stranded molecule that is found mainly outside of the nucleus, usually serving as a ‘copy’ of DNA ...
... • DNA is a double stranded molecule that resides in the cell nucleus • RNA is single stranded molecule that is found mainly outside of the nucleus, usually serving as a ‘copy’ of DNA ...
Transcription
... 4. Make the changes to your model mRNA to reflect this information. Read the following paragraph on third way that mRNA is modified after transcription. The most remarkable stage of RNA processing in the eukaryotic nucleus is the removal of a large portion of the RNA molecule that is initially sy ...
... 4. Make the changes to your model mRNA to reflect this information. Read the following paragraph on third way that mRNA is modified after transcription. The most remarkable stage of RNA processing in the eukaryotic nucleus is the removal of a large portion of the RNA molecule that is initially sy ...
Macromolecules PPT.
... e.g. Anything with a functional group HYDROPHOBIC – - not attracted to water because it is non-polar e.g. lipids (oil, fat) ...
... e.g. Anything with a functional group HYDROPHOBIC – - not attracted to water because it is non-polar e.g. lipids (oil, fat) ...
Macromolecules
... DNA is a double helix – that is a molecule of DNA consists of two helical strands wound together. Each of these strands is a polymer of nucleotides and the two strands are connected to one another by bonds (hydrogen bonds) which are much like the rungs of a ladder. Nucleotides within each strand are ...
... DNA is a double helix – that is a molecule of DNA consists of two helical strands wound together. Each of these strands is a polymer of nucleotides and the two strands are connected to one another by bonds (hydrogen bonds) which are much like the rungs of a ladder. Nucleotides within each strand are ...
2. Genetic code is degenerate（简并性）
... ATP to create an aminoacyl adenylate intermediate. Then, the appropriate tRNA displaces the AMP. ...
... ATP to create an aminoacyl adenylate intermediate. Then, the appropriate tRNA displaces the AMP. ...
Macromolecules -Large molecules formed by joining many subunits
... subunits together with covalent bonds -Also known as “polymers” ...
... subunits together with covalent bonds -Also known as “polymers” ...
RNA base pairing Worksheet
... 2. The complementary RNA bases are added to one template strand. 3. The new RNA strand released. ...
... 2. The complementary RNA bases are added to one template strand. 3. The new RNA strand released. ...
Assignment CHE-09 TMA-01,02 Year 2005
... ii) The visual process in human beings during night involves a conjugated protein called __________. iii) The active coenzymic form of thiamine is called _______________________ which participates in the ________________ reaction. iv) The competitive inhibitors are also known as _____________. v) In ...
... ii) The visual process in human beings during night involves a conjugated protein called __________. iii) The active coenzymic form of thiamine is called _______________________ which participates in the ________________ reaction. iv) The competitive inhibitors are also known as _____________. v) In ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.