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Comparison of Ligand-Binding Sites of Modeled Apo[a] Kringle
Comparison of Ligand-Binding Sites of Modeled Apo[a] Kringle

Enzymatic activation of sulfur for incorporation into biomolecules in
Enzymatic activation of sulfur for incorporation into biomolecules in

... although via more indirect pathways (see below). The central importance of IscS in E. coli has motivated innumerable searches for sequence homologs in other organisms and often iscS-type genes can be identified by the encoded IscS protein signature motifs and the neighborhood to other isc-type compo ...
Relationships between Methionine Supply, Nitrogen Retention and
Relationships between Methionine Supply, Nitrogen Retention and

Acetyl L-Carnitine
Acetyl L-Carnitine

Epidemiology - PHG Foundation
Epidemiology - PHG Foundation

... These studies are greatly hampered by the small numbers of people suffering with IMDs. In many cases, the only evidence on outcome survival is derived from small case series. Assessing the effectiveness of treatment or other interventions may also be affected (quite rightly) by ethical consideration ...
Complementary DNA Cloning, Messenger RNA
Complementary DNA Cloning, Messenger RNA

... nantly involved in detoxification reactions (1,2). They are found in all tissues and species, including bacteria (3), yeast (4), and plants (2). In higher organisms, three classes of GST protein, a, n, and 7T(1, 2), have been discriminated; a fourth class, 0, has been tentatively identified, althoug ...
Global and Local Sequence Alignment
Global and Local Sequence Alignment

... that is too simple may allow efficient algorithms, but may not yield results of biological interest. However, a definition that includes most of the relevant biology may entail intractable algorithms and statistics. The most successful approaches find a balance between these considerations. ...
Water Soluble Vitamin
Water Soluble Vitamin

... Pantothenic acid (vitamin B₅₅) function • Sources as B₁ • Function: is also important in energy metabolism.  Pantothenic acid is recognized as a substance that stimulates growth.  Pantothenic acid is involved in more than 100 different steps in the synthesis of lipids, steroid hormones and Hb.  ...
Structure of human cystathionine synthase: a
Structure of human cystathionine synthase: a

... The structure of glutaredoxin from Escherichia coli can be roughly superimposed onto CBS (Figure 3D). In this superposition a-helix 1 of glutaredoxin ®ts onto a-helix 7 of CBS and a-helix 3 onto a-helix 8 of CBS, but in opposite directions. The four strands of the central b-sheet of glutaredoxin ®t ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrate Metabolism

... The enolase enzyme then acts upon the 2-phosphoglycerate molecules to convert them into phosphoenolpyruvate molecules. The last step of glycolysis involves the dephosphorylation of the two phosphoenolpyruvate molecules by pyruvate kinase to create two pyruvate molecules and two ATP molecules. In sum ...
Cress and Potato Soluble Epoxide Hydrolases
Cress and Potato Soluble Epoxide Hydrolases

... isolated and cloned (18, 19), and recently a putative sEH cDNA was cloned from tobacco by Gou et al. (20). These plant genes code for proteins 30% shorter on the N-terminus than the mammalian sEH (Fig. 1), but they display significant homology to the C-terminal domain of the mammalian sEH that conta ...
the relationship between calcium
the relationship between calcium

the overlooked molecule in the regulation of polyamine metabolism
the overlooked molecule in the regulation of polyamine metabolism

Basic Concepts - Department of Chemistry
Basic Concepts - Department of Chemistry

... pressures are substituted into the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction. • When equilibrium concentrations are not given the equilibrium concentrations can be obtained from the initial concentrations of the reactants and the balanced equation for the reaction, as long as the equilibrium ...
Basic Concepts
Basic Concepts

... pressures are substituted into the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction. • When equilibrium concentrations are not given the equilibrium concentrations can be obtained from the initial concentrations of the reactants and the balanced equation for the reaction, as long as the equilibrium ...
Zaenab Aljassim thesis-6_1
Zaenab Aljassim thesis-6_1

... Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that affects one-third of the global population. The pathogen responsible for the vast majority of these cases is Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the current vaccines are insufficiently effective. The current vaccine against Tuberculosis is the live bacille Calme ...
Energy Substrate Metabolism in - Journal of Clinical Investigation
Energy Substrate Metabolism in - Journal of Clinical Investigation

... both fresh and stored platelets, the fatty acid levels ranged from 13 to 21 m/Amoles/mg protein (mean 17.2 ±1.8 SE). Calculation of the effect of small and variable increases in fatty acid levels after storage of any single batch of platelets indicated that under the assay conditions used, the maxim ...
Nutritional Requirements for Rabbits
Nutritional Requirements for Rabbits

Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. cohnii subsp. nov. and
Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. cohnii subsp. nov. and

... growth in a yeast extract-glucose broth (24). Supplementation of a basal casein hydrolysate medium with uracil promotes growth (change in optical density at 600 nm = 0.17 to 0.51) under anaerobic conditions (6). Only 8% of strains require L-arginine and 25% of strains require L-proline for growth on ...
7. Making and storing fat and retrieving it to supply energy
7. Making and storing fat and retrieving it to supply energy

... Most tissues can use fat to make ATP. Metabolism of fat always requires O2 and fatty acids are degraded to form CO2 in the mitochondria. CO2 is removed from the body by breathing, and it ultimately goes to the atmosphere. Two types of cells are notable in that they do not use fat as a fuel. Red bloo ...
Organic biomarkers in deep-sea regions affected
Organic biomarkers in deep-sea regions affected

... evaporated to dryness at room temperature, and diluted again with 400 µL of pure hexane prior to analysis. FAME were analysed with a GC coupled to an ion-trap mass spectrometer (MS) GCMS-QP2010. A BPX70 chromatographic column was used. The column had a length of 30 m and an internal diameter of 0.25 ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrate Metabolism

... The enolase enzyme then acts upon the 2-phosphoglycerate molecules to convert them into phosphoenolpyruvate molecules. The last step of glycolysis involves the dephosphorylation of the two phosphoenolpyruvate molecules by pyruvate kinase to create two pyruvate molecules and two ATP molecules. In sum ...
Guide Kjeldahl
Guide Kjeldahl

... In the digestion step the organically bonded nitrogen is converted into ammonium ions. Organic carbon and hydrogen form carbon dioxide and water, very much reminiscent to an incineration process. In this process the organic material carbonizes which can be visualized by the transformation of the sam ...
Question - missj12biol
Question - missj12biol

... Question: The name given to a group of plants that only open their stomata at night, at which time they take in CO2 and convert it to a four-carbon organic acid. ...
Contrasting C3, C4 and CAM Photosynthesis
Contrasting C3, C4 and CAM Photosynthesis

... fixation of CO2 from the actual fixation of CO2 by RuBisCO, in order to concentrate it, what actually is the difference ...
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Biosynthesis



Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.
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