book ppt - Castle High School
... Initiation requires a promoter—a special sequence of DNA. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter. Promoter tells RNA polymerase two things: • Where to start transcription • Which strand of DNA to transcribe ...
... Initiation requires a promoter—a special sequence of DNA. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter. Promoter tells RNA polymerase two things: • Where to start transcription • Which strand of DNA to transcribe ...
Chapter 10 DNA to Protein
... Initiation requires a promoter—a special sequence of DNA. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter. Promoter tells RNA polymerase two things: • Where to start transcription • Which strand of DNA to transcribe ...
... Initiation requires a promoter—a special sequence of DNA. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter. Promoter tells RNA polymerase two things: • Where to start transcription • Which strand of DNA to transcribe ...
Amino acid a
... 3. The Classification of 20 standard Amino Acids (very important!!!) • The name and abbreviation of amino acids – All the AAs were given a trivial (common) name. • Glutamate from wheat gluten. • Tyrosine from cheese (“tyros” in Greek). – Each AA is given a 3 letter abbreviation and 1 ...
... 3. The Classification of 20 standard Amino Acids (very important!!!) • The name and abbreviation of amino acids – All the AAs were given a trivial (common) name. • Glutamate from wheat gluten. • Tyrosine from cheese (“tyros” in Greek). – Each AA is given a 3 letter abbreviation and 1 ...
Lecture 4
... An open reading frames starts with ATG in most species, and ends with a stop codon (TAA, TAG or TGA) A program called SIXFRAME, you can visit the site directly ...
... An open reading frames starts with ATG in most species, and ends with a stop codon (TAA, TAG or TGA) A program called SIXFRAME, you can visit the site directly ...
Course Specifications General Information
... 1 - The objective of this course is to know the metabolic pathways of different food stuffs 2 - To know different biochemical reactions taking place in our bodies catalysed by enzymes and how metabolic disorder of some pathways lead to diseases ...
... 1 - The objective of this course is to know the metabolic pathways of different food stuffs 2 - To know different biochemical reactions taking place in our bodies catalysed by enzymes and how metabolic disorder of some pathways lead to diseases ...
Protein Synthesis Notes - Hamilton Local Schools
... o The mRNA tells the ribosome what the sequence of amino acids is for that protein. ...
... o The mRNA tells the ribosome what the sequence of amino acids is for that protein. ...
Effect of Systemic Fungicide on Nucleic Acid, Amino Acid and
... both control and treated plants. While cystein, proline, tryptophane and valine were observed in appreciable amount in treated samples as compare to control after first and second spray. Reduction in nucleic acid, changes in amino acids and increase in total phenolic contents were significantly incr ...
... both control and treated plants. While cystein, proline, tryptophane and valine were observed in appreciable amount in treated samples as compare to control after first and second spray. Reduction in nucleic acid, changes in amino acids and increase in total phenolic contents were significantly incr ...
DNA Student Lecture Notes
... They worked with _______________________. Viruses were considered non living because they didn’t follow all the characteristics of life. One type of virus is called a bacteriophage. It infects bacterial cells. These viruses are very, very small and contain only RNA or DNA. A bacteriophage will attac ...
... They worked with _______________________. Viruses were considered non living because they didn’t follow all the characteristics of life. One type of virus is called a bacteriophage. It infects bacterial cells. These viruses are very, very small and contain only RNA or DNA. A bacteriophage will attac ...
(i)
... (a) The frozen layer cuts off the atmospheric oxygen from dissolving into the pond water. The dissolved oxygen in the pond water is used up by the aquatic lives. (b) The goldfish carries out anaerobic respiration The amount of energy produced from anaerobic respiration of glucose is one-nineteenth o ...
... (a) The frozen layer cuts off the atmospheric oxygen from dissolving into the pond water. The dissolved oxygen in the pond water is used up by the aquatic lives. (b) The goldfish carries out anaerobic respiration The amount of energy produced from anaerobic respiration of glucose is one-nineteenth o ...
Pantothenic Acid - Pure Encapsulations
... Pantothenic acid, vitamin B5, plays a key role in cellular energy production, adrenal and cardiovascular health, and synthesis of vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids, cholesterol and steroid hormones.* ...
... Pantothenic acid, vitamin B5, plays a key role in cellular energy production, adrenal and cardiovascular health, and synthesis of vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids, cholesterol and steroid hormones.* ...
AP Biology Discussion Notes
... • Chargaff’s research determined that in DNA there were always equal parts • Humans Adenine = 30% • Humans Thymine = ? • Humans Guanine = ? • Humans Cytosine = ? ...
... • Chargaff’s research determined that in DNA there were always equal parts • Humans Adenine = 30% • Humans Thymine = ? • Humans Guanine = ? • Humans Cytosine = ? ...
functional group
... an oxygen, – carbonyl group—a carbon linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom, – carboxyl group—consists of a carbon doublebonded to both an oxygen and a hydroxyl group, – amino group—composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton, and – phosphate group—consists of a ph ...
... an oxygen, – carbonyl group—a carbon linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom, – carboxyl group—consists of a carbon doublebonded to both an oxygen and a hydroxyl group, – amino group—composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton, and – phosphate group—consists of a ph ...
Histochemistry
... Basic Principles of Histochemistry Histochemistry combines the methods of histology with those of chemistry or biochemistry, to reveal the biochemical composition of tissues and cells beyond the acid-base distribution shown by standard staining methods (Hx & E), without disrupting the normal distri ...
... Basic Principles of Histochemistry Histochemistry combines the methods of histology with those of chemistry or biochemistry, to reveal the biochemical composition of tissues and cells beyond the acid-base distribution shown by standard staining methods (Hx & E), without disrupting the normal distri ...
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Notes Part 1
... An exact copy of the DNA is produced with the aid of the enzyme DNA polymerase Hydrogen bonds between bases break and enzymes called helicases “unzip” the molecule Each old strand of nucleotides serves as a template for each new strand New nucleotides move into complementary positions are joined by ...
... An exact copy of the DNA is produced with the aid of the enzyme DNA polymerase Hydrogen bonds between bases break and enzymes called helicases “unzip” the molecule Each old strand of nucleotides serves as a template for each new strand New nucleotides move into complementary positions are joined by ...
Lecture 14
... CTP to be released from ATCase and increasing its activity. When the activity of ATCase is greater than the need for CTP, CTP concentrations rise rapidly and rebinds to the enzyme to inhibit the activity. ATP activates ATCase. Purines and Pyrimidines are needed in equal amounts. When ATP concentrati ...
... CTP to be released from ATCase and increasing its activity. When the activity of ATCase is greater than the need for CTP, CTP concentrations rise rapidly and rebinds to the enzyme to inhibit the activity. ATP activates ATCase. Purines and Pyrimidines are needed in equal amounts. When ATP concentrati ...
Lecture 27
... dehydrogenase (DHODH) in eukaryotes. In eukaryotes-FMN co-factor, located on inner mitochondrial membrane. Other enzymes for pyrimidine synthesis in cytosol. Bacterial dihydroorotate dehydrogenases use NAD linked flavoproteins (FMN, FAD, [2Fe-2S] clusters) and perform the reverse reaction (orotate t ...
... dehydrogenase (DHODH) in eukaryotes. In eukaryotes-FMN co-factor, located on inner mitochondrial membrane. Other enzymes for pyrimidine synthesis in cytosol. Bacterial dihydroorotate dehydrogenases use NAD linked flavoproteins (FMN, FAD, [2Fe-2S] clusters) and perform the reverse reaction (orotate t ...
03-131 Genes, Drugs, and Disease ... 1. (10 pts, 10 min) The diagram on the left...
... 2. (6 pts, 15 min) Rituximab is a drug that is used to treat certain types of cancer (you should use web resources to answer this question). a) What is rituximab? A small organic molecule, or something else? b) Briefly describe how Rituximab works as a drug (be sure to cite your sources). 3. (5 pts, ...
... 2. (6 pts, 15 min) Rituximab is a drug that is used to treat certain types of cancer (you should use web resources to answer this question). a) What is rituximab? A small organic molecule, or something else? b) Briefly describe how Rituximab works as a drug (be sure to cite your sources). 3. (5 pts, ...
DNA replication
... Structure of DNA Chemical Nature of DNA: - DNA monomers are Deoxyadenylate A, Deoxygyanylate G, Deoxycytidilate C and Deoxythymidilate T. - They are held together in a polymeric form By 3" to 5" phosphodiester bonds forming single strand (Figure 5). - The information content of DNA (the genetic code ...
... Structure of DNA Chemical Nature of DNA: - DNA monomers are Deoxyadenylate A, Deoxygyanylate G, Deoxycytidilate C and Deoxythymidilate T. - They are held together in a polymeric form By 3" to 5" phosphodiester bonds forming single strand (Figure 5). - The information content of DNA (the genetic code ...
Biomolecular chemistry 3. Translating the genetic code
... IRES. These are less common but are useful in some molecular biology applications. Once the initiator AUG is located, the reading frame is established—groups of three nonoverlapping nucleotides are defined, beginning with the initiator AUG codon. Question: I'm wondering, how do we know how many nucl ...
... IRES. These are less common but are useful in some molecular biology applications. Once the initiator AUG is located, the reading frame is established—groups of three nonoverlapping nucleotides are defined, beginning with the initiator AUG codon. Question: I'm wondering, how do we know how many nucl ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.