8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.
... – RNA polymerase bonds the nucleotides together. – The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed. DNA ...
... – RNA polymerase bonds the nucleotides together. – The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed. DNA ...
Richards, F.M. The Protein Folding Problem. Scientific American, pp
... acids tend to be hydrophilic; they attract water molcculcs, which are quite polar. In contrast, nonpolar amino acids, which generally include hydrocarbon side chains, tend to be hydrophobic:they mix poorly with water and "prefer" to associatewith one other. Alternatively,one can think of them as bei ...
... acids tend to be hydrophilic; they attract water molcculcs, which are quite polar. In contrast, nonpolar amino acids, which generally include hydrocarbon side chains, tend to be hydrophobic:they mix poorly with water and "prefer" to associatewith one other. Alternatively,one can think of them as bei ...
Electron Carriers
... This gradient drives protons back in through a protein called ATPsynthase This creates kinetic energy that ATPsynthase harnesses to catalyze ADP + P ATP ...
... This gradient drives protons back in through a protein called ATPsynthase This creates kinetic energy that ATPsynthase harnesses to catalyze ADP + P ATP ...
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
... sequence of amino acids that make up the protein. Instructions for making proteins with the correct sequence of amino acids are encoded in DNA. DNA is found in chromosomes. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes always remain in the nucleus, but proteins are made at ribosomes in the cytoplasm. How do the ...
... sequence of amino acids that make up the protein. Instructions for making proteins with the correct sequence of amino acids are encoded in DNA. DNA is found in chromosomes. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes always remain in the nucleus, but proteins are made at ribosomes in the cytoplasm. How do the ...
Organic Compounds
... protein shape is very important. Levels of protein shape: - primary – sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide - secondary – helix or pleated sheets (fan folded paper) Caused by hydrogen bonding between the amino acids - tertiary – further folding of the protein. Caused by chemical interactions betw ...
... protein shape is very important. Levels of protein shape: - primary – sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide - secondary – helix or pleated sheets (fan folded paper) Caused by hydrogen bonding between the amino acids - tertiary – further folding of the protein. Caused by chemical interactions betw ...
Enzyme!
... • lipases breakdown lipids • DNA polymerase builds DNA Oh, I get it! They end in -ase ...
... • lipases breakdown lipids • DNA polymerase builds DNA Oh, I get it! They end in -ase ...
Energy Releasing Pathways
... stream and is transported to liver where it is converted back into pyruvic acid. Used to make cheese and yogurt ...
... stream and is transported to liver where it is converted back into pyruvic acid. Used to make cheese and yogurt ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 22: Fatty acid desaturation Relationship of
... cytoplasmic acetyl CoA and malonyl CoA into the C16 fatty acid, palmitate. Most animal fats and phospholipids lipids contain more C18 fatty acid such as stearate, while lipids in the nervous system can contain chains of C24 (nervonic acid) or longer. Additional elongation is carried out by the fatty ...
... cytoplasmic acetyl CoA and malonyl CoA into the C16 fatty acid, palmitate. Most animal fats and phospholipids lipids contain more C18 fatty acid such as stearate, while lipids in the nervous system can contain chains of C24 (nervonic acid) or longer. Additional elongation is carried out by the fatty ...
Chapter 2 Section 2_3 Carbon Compounds
... The study of “organic” chemistry involves the study of compounds containing bonds between carbon (C) atoms ...
... The study of “organic” chemistry involves the study of compounds containing bonds between carbon (C) atoms ...
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis experiment pathway（II）
... • Because of the iron atoms, ferritin molecules are able to scatter a beam of electrons and thus can be visualized in electron microscope. • A temperature of 4℃ Ligands（配体） can bind to the cell surface but cannot be internalized（内化）, LDLferritin particles were seen to be bound to the cell surface. ...
... • Because of the iron atoms, ferritin molecules are able to scatter a beam of electrons and thus can be visualized in electron microscope. • A temperature of 4℃ Ligands（配体） can bind to the cell surface but cannot be internalized（内化）, LDLferritin particles were seen to be bound to the cell surface. ...
Lecture 1: October 25, 2001 1.1 Biological Background
... tRNA holds an anticodon, a sequence of three RNA bases; on the other side, the tRNA holds the appropriate amino acid. In eukaryotes, the mRNA is formed of coding regions flanked by non-coding regions. Coding regions (exons or parts of exons) used for the protein creation, while the non coding regions ...
... tRNA holds an anticodon, a sequence of three RNA bases; on the other side, the tRNA holds the appropriate amino acid. In eukaryotes, the mRNA is formed of coding regions flanked by non-coding regions. Coding regions (exons or parts of exons) used for the protein creation, while the non coding regions ...
Chapter 6 Proteins and Amino Acids I Introduction II The Structure of
... a. bean burrito b. oatmeal & milk c. split pea soup & cornbread d. green beans & dinner roll ...
... a. bean burrito b. oatmeal & milk c. split pea soup & cornbread d. green beans & dinner roll ...
DNA and Chromosomes
... amount of genetic material so that when a cell splits, both will have the same amount of DNA as the original did. In bacteria, DNA replication is how cells reproduce. In human beings and other animals, other steps are required. This is called BINARY FISSION and it is a form a asexual reproductio ...
... amount of genetic material so that when a cell splits, both will have the same amount of DNA as the original did. In bacteria, DNA replication is how cells reproduce. In human beings and other animals, other steps are required. This is called BINARY FISSION and it is a form a asexual reproductio ...
DNA replication and PCR ppt
... A guy walks into a bar and says "My name's Chargaff, and 22% of my DNA is "A" nucleotides. I'll bet anyone that they can't guess what percentage of my DNA is "C" nucleotides!" You say "I'm thirsty, so I'll take ...
... A guy walks into a bar and says "My name's Chargaff, and 22% of my DNA is "A" nucleotides. I'll bet anyone that they can't guess what percentage of my DNA is "C" nucleotides!" You say "I'm thirsty, so I'll take ...
Document
... What does the body do with Fatty Acids? Fatty acids are used to make complex fats (“lipids”), and fatty acids are the “building blocks” Some examples of complex lipids: • Triglycerides – the fat on a piece of meat (or on us!) • Phospholipids – the molecules that make up the membranes that surround ...
... What does the body do with Fatty Acids? Fatty acids are used to make complex fats (“lipids”), and fatty acids are the “building blocks” Some examples of complex lipids: • Triglycerides – the fat on a piece of meat (or on us!) • Phospholipids – the molecules that make up the membranes that surround ...
levels of the neurotransmitter GABA, which
... Interestingly, pyroglutamic acid is able to bind to receptors that are important for learning and memory (i.e., glutamate receptors) but does not cause neurotoxic effects like excess glutamate and other similar molecules. In other words, pyroglutamic acid may enhance cognition without over-stimulati ...
... Interestingly, pyroglutamic acid is able to bind to receptors that are important for learning and memory (i.e., glutamate receptors) but does not cause neurotoxic effects like excess glutamate and other similar molecules. In other words, pyroglutamic acid may enhance cognition without over-stimulati ...
Amino acid contents and biological value of protein in various
... of lysine, methionine and arginine in amaranth grains were demonstrated by Gorinstein et al. (2002). The relatively high content of essential amino acids in amaranth grain predetermines its use as a substitution of conventional cereals (Gorinstein et al., 2002). According to Aritsuka et al. (1994), ...
... of lysine, methionine and arginine in amaranth grains were demonstrated by Gorinstein et al. (2002). The relatively high content of essential amino acids in amaranth grain predetermines its use as a substitution of conventional cereals (Gorinstein et al., 2002). According to Aritsuka et al. (1994), ...
AP Bio A final exam study guide
... Explain the difference between polar and nonpolar molecules relating this property to interactions with water molecules (hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic). Give examples. ...
... Explain the difference between polar and nonpolar molecules relating this property to interactions with water molecules (hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic). Give examples. ...
selenium 01% brochure 2015
... of sows, preventing dystocia and related stillbirths. It is a primary component of Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), that functions to protect the cell membrane from oxidation preventing carcass paleness, drip loss and increased shelf-life of eggs in poultry SELENIUM CHELATE* is a 4th generation chelate ...
... of sows, preventing dystocia and related stillbirths. It is a primary component of Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), that functions to protect the cell membrane from oxidation preventing carcass paleness, drip loss and increased shelf-life of eggs in poultry SELENIUM CHELATE* is a 4th generation chelate ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.