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Methods of industrial production
Methods of industrial production

... Out of the twenty naturally occurring amino acids, L‐Lysine is one of the 9  essential (histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine,  threonine, tryptophan and valine) and commercially important amino  acids, ecumenically found in naturally occurring proteins of all living  org ...
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... Like entire organisms, individual cells take in chemical or solar energy. Most of this energy gets discarded as heat, but a fraction turns into useful mechanical activity or the synthesis of other energy-storing molecules ...
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Genetic Transcription & Translation Lecture PowerPoint

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Biosynthesis



Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.
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