Practice Problems on Carbohydrates
... A) Individual units of sugars are typically linked by O-glycoside bonds to form oligomers and polymers. B) In the acid-catalyzed formation of a hemiacetal from an aldehyde and an alcohol, the carbonyl group is protonated to make it better nucleophile. C) Acetals are resistant to alkaline (basic) con ...
... A) Individual units of sugars are typically linked by O-glycoside bonds to form oligomers and polymers. B) In the acid-catalyzed formation of a hemiacetal from an aldehyde and an alcohol, the carbonyl group is protonated to make it better nucleophile. C) Acetals are resistant to alkaline (basic) con ...
irm_ch21
... 21.24 apoenzyme + cofactor = holoenzyme = conjugated enzyme 21.25 An enzyme active site is the relatively small part of an enzyme that is actually involved in the process of catalysis. 21.26 an intermediate species that is formed when a substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme 21.27 In the lo ...
... 21.24 apoenzyme + cofactor = holoenzyme = conjugated enzyme 21.25 An enzyme active site is the relatively small part of an enzyme that is actually involved in the process of catalysis. 21.26 an intermediate species that is formed when a substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme 21.27 In the lo ...
9.3 Fermentation
... make ATP without oxygen • Fermentation: the process of glycolysis and the anaerobic pathway combined • Without oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP ...
... make ATP without oxygen • Fermentation: the process of glycolysis and the anaerobic pathway combined • Without oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP ...
Structures of nucleotide-bound and free aIF2γ from Sulfolobus
... The α- and β-phosphates of GDP are located in the cavity limited by the main chain amide groups of the P-loop (residues 18-23), switch 2 (residues 96-97), hydroxyl group of Thr23 and the side chain of strictly conserved Lys22. It is interesting to note that most of the main chain amide groups of th ...
... The α- and β-phosphates of GDP are located in the cavity limited by the main chain amide groups of the P-loop (residues 18-23), switch 2 (residues 96-97), hydroxyl group of Thr23 and the side chain of strictly conserved Lys22. It is interesting to note that most of the main chain amide groups of th ...
Acids and Bases
... conjugate acid-base pairs • Acids and bases are identified based on whether they donate or accept H+. • “Conjugate” acids and bases are found on the products side of the equation. A conjugate base is the same as the starting acid minus H+. ...
... conjugate acid-base pairs • Acids and bases are identified based on whether they donate or accept H+. • “Conjugate” acids and bases are found on the products side of the equation. A conjugate base is the same as the starting acid minus H+. ...
The Living World
... 7.4 How the DNA Molecule Replicates The two DNA strands are held together by weak hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs A and T C and G ...
... 7.4 How the DNA Molecule Replicates The two DNA strands are held together by weak hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs A and T C and G ...
Chapter Three
... 16.5 Peptide Formation Amino acids condense to form amide, or peptide, bonds. The reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. ...
... 16.5 Peptide Formation Amino acids condense to form amide, or peptide, bonds. The reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. ...
Ribosomes: Cashing in on crystals
... to provide higher resolution phases [6]. Clemons et al. [3] were able to soak heavy atoms into pre-formed crystals without changing the arrangement of ribosome molecules in the crystals (multiple isomorphous replacement). Cate et al. [2] used the technique of multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (M ...
... to provide higher resolution phases [6]. Clemons et al. [3] were able to soak heavy atoms into pre-formed crystals without changing the arrangement of ribosome molecules in the crystals (multiple isomorphous replacement). Cate et al. [2] used the technique of multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (M ...
Name - wvhs.wlwv.k12.or.us
... 9) In Reaction 7, succinyl CoA reacts with ADP and Pi to form ATP and succinate. 10) In Reaction 8, succinate encounters FAD and these react to form another energy carrier, ...
... 9) In Reaction 7, succinyl CoA reacts with ADP and Pi to form ATP and succinate. 10) In Reaction 8, succinate encounters FAD and these react to form another energy carrier, ...
Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
... • A catalyst speeds up chemical reactions. Enzymes speed up biological chemical reactions. • Enzymes are highly specific to a type of reaction. • Enzymes must maintain their specific shape in order to function. Any alteration in the primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary forms of the enzyme are ...
... • A catalyst speeds up chemical reactions. Enzymes speed up biological chemical reactions. • Enzymes are highly specific to a type of reaction. • Enzymes must maintain their specific shape in order to function. Any alteration in the primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary forms of the enzyme are ...
ProteinPrediction
... Designed to compute fast but approximate alignments of protein structures based on secondary structure elements alone. The fundamental idea is to represent all secondary structure vectors from all target proteins in a large, highly redundant hash table. Each secondary structure vector from a given q ...
... Designed to compute fast but approximate alignments of protein structures based on secondary structure elements alone. The fundamental idea is to represent all secondary structure vectors from all target proteins in a large, highly redundant hash table. Each secondary structure vector from a given q ...
Acids and Bases
... make them less reactive π-Electron Density Rings above and below the plane of the ring – Susceptible to electrophilic attack ...
... make them less reactive π-Electron Density Rings above and below the plane of the ring – Susceptible to electrophilic attack ...
respiratory chain
... b) Each carrier of electron transport chain can receive electrons from the more electronegative donor and can subsequently donate electrons to the next more electropositive carrier in the chain. Finally electrons combine with oxygen and protons to form water and energy. 2. Components of the respirat ...
... b) Each carrier of electron transport chain can receive electrons from the more electronegative donor and can subsequently donate electrons to the next more electropositive carrier in the chain. Finally electrons combine with oxygen and protons to form water and energy. 2. Components of the respirat ...
Lecture 6
... actin molecule into two domains "large", left side, and "small", right side. ATP and Ca2+ are located between the two domains. These two domains can be subdivided further into two subdomains each, the small domain being composed of subdomains 1 and 2, and the 2 has significantly less mass than the o ...
... actin molecule into two domains "large", left side, and "small", right side. ATP and Ca2+ are located between the two domains. These two domains can be subdivided further into two subdomains each, the small domain being composed of subdomains 1 and 2, and the 2 has significantly less mass than the o ...
Exam 1 2007 - chem.uwec.edu
... 7. What is the function of a thioester intermediate such as the one formed from GAP dehydrogenase? A) It speeds up the actual reaction so that more product can be made. B) The thioester shifts the equilibrium of the first stage of the reaction. C) The thioester allows the two-step reaction to be co ...
... 7. What is the function of a thioester intermediate such as the one formed from GAP dehydrogenase? A) It speeds up the actual reaction so that more product can be made. B) The thioester shifts the equilibrium of the first stage of the reaction. C) The thioester allows the two-step reaction to be co ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.