CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Compare the efficiency of cellular respiration versus the burning of gas in an automobile. Define the term catabolism. Discuss the relationship between catabolic and anabolic pathways. For each of the following molecules describe how it is modified so that it can be oxidized completely, how the mole ...
... Compare the efficiency of cellular respiration versus the burning of gas in an automobile. Define the term catabolism. Discuss the relationship between catabolic and anabolic pathways. For each of the following molecules describe how it is modified so that it can be oxidized completely, how the mole ...
Photosynthesis in the Higher Plant, Vicia.faba
... Calvin cycle serine (C1 > C2 = C3) and glycolate-pathway serine (C1 = C2 = C3) with the proposed pool of formate-pathway serine (C1 = C2 > C3) would tend only to reduce the degree but not the critical fact of unequal labeling for carbon atoms 2 and 3 (Scheme I). In fact, for the present investigatio ...
... Calvin cycle serine (C1 > C2 = C3) and glycolate-pathway serine (C1 = C2 = C3) with the proposed pool of formate-pathway serine (C1 = C2 > C3) would tend only to reduce the degree but not the critical fact of unequal labeling for carbon atoms 2 and 3 (Scheme I). In fact, for the present investigatio ...
Synthesis of New Sulfonamide Derivatives as Possible Antibacterial
... IR (υ= cm-1, KBr): 3342(NH) of carbamate; 3284(NH) of amide; 3194(NH) of sulfonamide; 3111and 3066 (CH) aromatic; 2980,2933 and 2872(CH) of tert-butyl and CH2; 1753 (C=O) ester; 1680 (C=O) amide I; 1612(NH) amide II; 1593,1498 (C=C) aromatic.; 1406,1166 (S=O) sym., asym. Respectively;1253 (C-O-N) of ...
... IR (υ= cm-1, KBr): 3342(NH) of carbamate; 3284(NH) of amide; 3194(NH) of sulfonamide; 3111and 3066 (CH) aromatic; 2980,2933 and 2872(CH) of tert-butyl and CH2; 1753 (C=O) ester; 1680 (C=O) amide I; 1612(NH) amide II; 1593,1498 (C=C) aromatic.; 1406,1166 (S=O) sym., asym. Respectively;1253 (C-O-N) of ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... Summary of the citric acid cycle • For each acetyl CoA which enters the cycle: (1) Two molecules of CO2 are released ...
... Summary of the citric acid cycle • For each acetyl CoA which enters the cycle: (1) Two molecules of CO2 are released ...
Reactive Oxygen Species
... • High doses: directly damage/kill cells • Low doses/chronic overproduction of oxidants: activation of cellular pathways stimulation of cell proliferation damage to cellular proteins, DNA and lipids ...
... • High doses: directly damage/kill cells • Low doses/chronic overproduction of oxidants: activation of cellular pathways stimulation of cell proliferation damage to cellular proteins, DNA and lipids ...
Enzymes are Pure Chemistry Emil Fischer The first
... Electron transfer Group-transfer Hydrolysis (transfer of functional groups to water) Double bond additions Shuffling groups within a molecule Formation of C-C, C-S, C-O, etc. by condensations at the expense of ATP ...
... Electron transfer Group-transfer Hydrolysis (transfer of functional groups to water) Double bond additions Shuffling groups within a molecule Formation of C-C, C-S, C-O, etc. by condensations at the expense of ATP ...
Lecture Eighteen - Personal Webspace for QMUL
... [ Figure, Page 485 upper ] [ Figure, Page 525 upper ] [Figure, page 505 upper] Formation of -Ketoglutarate [ Figure, Page 485 lower ] [ Figure, Page 525 lower ] [Figure, page 505 lower] Formation of Succinyl CoA [ Figure, Page 486 upper] [ Figure, page 526 upper] [Figure, page 506 upper] Formation ...
... [ Figure, Page 485 upper ] [ Figure, Page 525 upper ] [Figure, page 505 upper] Formation of -Ketoglutarate [ Figure, Page 485 lower ] [ Figure, Page 525 lower ] [Figure, page 505 lower] Formation of Succinyl CoA [ Figure, Page 486 upper] [ Figure, page 526 upper] [Figure, page 506 upper] Formation ...
Chapter 3
... Classification of Enzymes Oxidoreductases – Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions Transferases – Transfer elements of one molecule to another Hydrolases – Cleave bonds by adding water Lyases – Groups of elements are removed to form a double bond or added to a double bond Isomerases – Rear ...
... Classification of Enzymes Oxidoreductases – Catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions Transferases – Transfer elements of one molecule to another Hydrolases – Cleave bonds by adding water Lyases – Groups of elements are removed to form a double bond or added to a double bond Isomerases – Rear ...
ppt - 3.LF UK 2015
... The figure is found at: http://stallion.abac.peachnet.edu/sm/kmccrae/BIOL2050/Ch1-13/JpegArt113/05jpeg/05_jpeg_HTML/index.htm (December 2006) ...
... The figure is found at: http://stallion.abac.peachnet.edu/sm/kmccrae/BIOL2050/Ch1-13/JpegArt113/05jpeg/05_jpeg_HTML/index.htm (December 2006) ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... (half-life 4 109 s). The second singlet state requires higher energy (photon of blue light) and is of short half-life (1012 s) to effect chemical reactions. Excited chlorophyll as such directly cannot transfer the energy to the right location. It initiates electron-transfer chain through electro ...
... (half-life 4 109 s). The second singlet state requires higher energy (photon of blue light) and is of short half-life (1012 s) to effect chemical reactions. Excited chlorophyll as such directly cannot transfer the energy to the right location. It initiates electron-transfer chain through electro ...
6b How to ID an Unk organism
... bubble. If there is no fermentation, it is red, so record it as ALK or no change (NC). The medium has a Durham tube (a miniature tube that is inverted on the inside of the test tube). If gas is produced, it will form a bubble inside the inverted tube. It also has phenol red as an indicator. Phenol r ...
... bubble. If there is no fermentation, it is red, so record it as ALK or no change (NC). The medium has a Durham tube (a miniature tube that is inverted on the inside of the test tube). If gas is produced, it will form a bubble inside the inverted tube. It also has phenol red as an indicator. Phenol r ...
Emergence of robust growth laws from optimal regulation of
... To maintain the protein biosynthesis required for growth, a steady influx of amino acids must be supplied to the ribosome to feed the elongating peptide chains. As above, exponential growth imposes strong constraints on amino acid flux. The dynamics of the free amino acid pool within the cell is det ...
... To maintain the protein biosynthesis required for growth, a steady influx of amino acids must be supplied to the ribosome to feed the elongating peptide chains. As above, exponential growth imposes strong constraints on amino acid flux. The dynamics of the free amino acid pool within the cell is det ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry Fourth Edition David L. Nelson
... physical and chemical laws that describe the behavior of inanimate matter—as do all the processes occurring in living organisms. The study of biochemistry shows how the collections of inanimate molecules that constitute living organisms interact to maintain and perpetuate life animated solely by the ...
... physical and chemical laws that describe the behavior of inanimate matter—as do all the processes occurring in living organisms. The study of biochemistry shows how the collections of inanimate molecules that constitute living organisms interact to maintain and perpetuate life animated solely by the ...
Nerve activates contraction
... one kind of molecule to another as needed. • For example, excess carbohydrates and proteins can be converted to fats through intermediaries of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. ...
... one kind of molecule to another as needed. • For example, excess carbohydrates and proteins can be converted to fats through intermediaries of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. ...
Chapter 3 Chemical Basis of Life II. Biological Molecules
... transmission of genetic information Two classes Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Store genetic information coded in the sequence of their monomer building blocks Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Involved in decoding this information into instructions for linking together a specific sequence of amino acids ...
... transmission of genetic information Two classes Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Store genetic information coded in the sequence of their monomer building blocks Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Involved in decoding this information into instructions for linking together a specific sequence of amino acids ...
genetics ch 7 [10-31
... Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) – valine, leucine, and isoleucine; can be used as source of energy through oxidative pathway that uses α-ketoacid as an intermediate; decarboxylation of α-ketoacids mediated by enzyme complex branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKAD) o BCKAD complex compose ...
... Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) – valine, leucine, and isoleucine; can be used as source of energy through oxidative pathway that uses α-ketoacid as an intermediate; decarboxylation of α-ketoacids mediated by enzyme complex branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKAD) o BCKAD complex compose ...
Student notes in ppt
... Two Major Roles of Glucokinase Role in liver cells When blood glucose levels are high, both hexokinase I and glucokinase are active in liver cells, whereas, other tissues only have hexokinase 1 and their ability to take up glucose after a meal is unchanged. Since phosphorylation traps glucose insid ...
... Two Major Roles of Glucokinase Role in liver cells When blood glucose levels are high, both hexokinase I and glucokinase are active in liver cells, whereas, other tissues only have hexokinase 1 and their ability to take up glucose after a meal is unchanged. Since phosphorylation traps glucose insid ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.