(MDCAT) 2017 - University Of Health Sciences Lahore
... i) Describe metallic bonding in terms of positive ions surrounded by mobile electrons (sea of electrons). j) Describe, interpret and/or predict the effect of different types of bonding (ionic bonding; covalent bonding; hydrogen bonding; Van der Waal’s forces and metallic bonding) on the physical pro ...
... i) Describe metallic bonding in terms of positive ions surrounded by mobile electrons (sea of electrons). j) Describe, interpret and/or predict the effect of different types of bonding (ionic bonding; covalent bonding; hydrogen bonding; Van der Waal’s forces and metallic bonding) on the physical pro ...
Contrasting C3, C4 and CAM Photosynthesis
... The first crucial point to note is that RuBisCO is the only ...
... The first crucial point to note is that RuBisCO is the only ...
Ppt
... left block with Pro (P), Ser (S), Ala (A) and Thr (T). Each block shows the same arrow pattern. All strongly evolutionary conserved groups of amino acids (Thompson et al., 1994) are subsets of exactly one codon - reverse codon group, e.g. the MILV amino acids belong to the upper right block in the t ...
... left block with Pro (P), Ser (S), Ala (A) and Thr (T). Each block shows the same arrow pattern. All strongly evolutionary conserved groups of amino acids (Thompson et al., 1994) are subsets of exactly one codon - reverse codon group, e.g. the MILV amino acids belong to the upper right block in the t ...
article in press - Biochemistry
... through metabolic pathways. These signal transduction pathways appear to operate both independently from and coordinately with the hormonal pathways. Since several of these pathways are conserved from the unicellular yeasts to mammals, they must have originally evolved independent of hormonal contro ...
... through metabolic pathways. These signal transduction pathways appear to operate both independently from and coordinately with the hormonal pathways. Since several of these pathways are conserved from the unicellular yeasts to mammals, they must have originally evolved independent of hormonal contro ...
Analysis of the Compartmentation of Glycolytic
... Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.010280. ...
... Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.010280. ...
Quality of Lipids in Fish Fed Vegetable Oils
... compounds lipoic acid and sesamin in fish feeds. These compunds increased the proportion of long chain n-3 fatty acids in the muscle of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and in hepatocytes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). Lipoic acid increased the proportion o ...
... compounds lipoic acid and sesamin in fish feeds. These compunds increased the proportion of long chain n-3 fatty acids in the muscle of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and in hepatocytes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). Lipoic acid increased the proportion o ...
BIOINFORMATICS ORIGINAL PAPER Going from where to why—interpretable prediction of protein subcellular localization
... machine learning models behind high-accuracy predictors are often very complex making it difficult to understand why a particular prediction was made. Moreover, most predictors do not provide a confidence estimate. Consequently, predictions cannot be verified with regard to their significance and re ...
... machine learning models behind high-accuracy predictors are often very complex making it difficult to understand why a particular prediction was made. Moreover, most predictors do not provide a confidence estimate. Consequently, predictions cannot be verified with regard to their significance and re ...
Chemical Equilibrium
... An important feature of eqn 4.8 is that it tells us that K 1 if rG 0. Broadly speaking, K 1 implies that products are dominant at equilibrium, so we can conclude that a reaction is thermodynamically feasible if rG 0 (Fig. 4.4). Conversely, because eqn 4.8 tells us that K 1 if rG 0, ...
... An important feature of eqn 4.8 is that it tells us that K 1 if rG 0. Broadly speaking, K 1 implies that products are dominant at equilibrium, so we can conclude that a reaction is thermodynamically feasible if rG 0 (Fig. 4.4). Conversely, because eqn 4.8 tells us that K 1 if rG 0, ...
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Activation is
... SARDH [24], and recently, long-term TTA treatment was associated with lower protein expression of BHMT, DMGDH and SARDH [25]. However, whether TTA treatment affects the related metabolites has yet to be explored. Also, activation of PPARα has been shown to increase the synthesis of vitamin B3 from t ...
... SARDH [24], and recently, long-term TTA treatment was associated with lower protein expression of BHMT, DMGDH and SARDH [25]. However, whether TTA treatment affects the related metabolites has yet to be explored. Also, activation of PPARα has been shown to increase the synthesis of vitamin B3 from t ...
Biologically Active Oxylipins from Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic
... developmentally regulated mode and a response to abiotic and biotic stresses. The oxylipin pathway is initiated by the formation of fatty acid hydroperoxydes, either by chemical (auto)oxidation induced by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), or catalyzed by enzymes, such as lipoxygenases ...
... developmentally regulated mode and a response to abiotic and biotic stresses. The oxylipin pathway is initiated by the formation of fatty acid hydroperoxydes, either by chemical (auto)oxidation induced by free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), or catalyzed by enzymes, such as lipoxygenases ...
exam1ans_2007
... interaction between the aminobenzene and the Fab fragment changes as a function of pH and how this affects the measured KD. You can assume that the pKa values of the aminobenzene and the sidechain of the amino acid from the Fab fragment are both 4.0 (4 pts). At pH 4.0 the amino group on the aminoben ...
... interaction between the aminobenzene and the Fab fragment changes as a function of pH and how this affects the measured KD. You can assume that the pKa values of the aminobenzene and the sidechain of the amino acid from the Fab fragment are both 4.0 (4 pts). At pH 4.0 the amino group on the aminoben ...
Proteins in Serum and Urine - Ústav lékařské biochemie a
... their levels begin to appear 6 – 10 hours after the primary insult, and peak during the second or third day. The typical representatives are C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (SAA). More recently, procalcitonin (PCT) is examined. • Intermediate response acute phase proteins increa ...
... their levels begin to appear 6 – 10 hours after the primary insult, and peak during the second or third day. The typical representatives are C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (SAA). More recently, procalcitonin (PCT) is examined. • Intermediate response acute phase proteins increa ...
ALLOMETRIC SCALING IN CENTRARCHID FISH Enzyme Levels in Muscles
... of +0.872, well above the range found for BMR. Furthermore, they found MMR varied amongst species and individuals not only with body size, but also the degree of athleticism. In teleost, scaling of MMR, like BMR varies across species with b values ranging from 0.87 to 0.93 in marine teleost (Killen ...
... of +0.872, well above the range found for BMR. Furthermore, they found MMR varied amongst species and individuals not only with body size, but also the degree of athleticism. In teleost, scaling of MMR, like BMR varies across species with b values ranging from 0.87 to 0.93 in marine teleost (Killen ...
Life Force® Healthy Aging
... NADH: Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ADP: Adenosine diphosphate ATP: Adenosine triphosphate Pi: Inorganic phosphate ...
... NADH: Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ADP: Adenosine diphosphate ATP: Adenosine triphosphate Pi: Inorganic phosphate ...
Hydrolases as Catalysts for Green Chemistry and
... The use of enzymes in industrial applications has been recognised for providing clean processes with minimal impact on the environment. This thesis presents studies on engineering of enzymes and enzymebased processes in the light of green chemistry and environmental sustainability, and focuses on th ...
... The use of enzymes in industrial applications has been recognised for providing clean processes with minimal impact on the environment. This thesis presents studies on engineering of enzymes and enzymebased processes in the light of green chemistry and environmental sustainability, and focuses on th ...
Chapter 4 Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
... chapter lends itself to questions that emphasize recall and application; and many such questions are presented. But other topics in this chapter require synthesis and interpretation, as well as visualization of three-dimensional arrangements of atoms, and so we have added several questions that will ...
... chapter lends itself to questions that emphasize recall and application; and many such questions are presented. But other topics in this chapter require synthesis and interpretation, as well as visualization of three-dimensional arrangements of atoms, and so we have added several questions that will ...
The tyrosine regulated DAHP synthase and the biosynthetic
... tyrosine inhibitable isoenzyme of S. cerevisiae are available. With the help of amino acid substitutions at the catalytic center (Lys112Ala, Arg114Ala and Arg180Ala), the amino acid residues located in the loops L2 and L4 were shown to be essential for catalysis. The structural elements of the allos ...
... tyrosine inhibitable isoenzyme of S. cerevisiae are available. With the help of amino acid substitutions at the catalytic center (Lys112Ala, Arg114Ala and Arg180Ala), the amino acid residues located in the loops L2 and L4 were shown to be essential for catalysis. The structural elements of the allos ...
Effects of Enzyme Concentration, Temperature, pH
... 2005; Liceaga-Gesualdo & Li-Chan 1999). The functional properties of fish protein hydrolysates prepared may be improved through partial hydrolysis where the proteins are hydrolyzed to the desired extent by the use of specific enzymes and by choosing a defined set of hydrolysis conditions. Parameters ...
... 2005; Liceaga-Gesualdo & Li-Chan 1999). The functional properties of fish protein hydrolysates prepared may be improved through partial hydrolysis where the proteins are hydrolyzed to the desired extent by the use of specific enzymes and by choosing a defined set of hydrolysis conditions. Parameters ...
effect of arsenic stress on amino acid profile
... increasing concentrations of arsenite which has also been observed in this study. On the other hand free to bound ratio of proline was more enhanced in HARG corresponding to As accumulation suggesting release from protein bound contents. This corresponds with previous independent observations on fre ...
... increasing concentrations of arsenite which has also been observed in this study. On the other hand free to bound ratio of proline was more enhanced in HARG corresponding to As accumulation suggesting release from protein bound contents. This corresponds with previous independent observations on fre ...
ester formation in brewery fermentations
... produced, which can result in beers with little flavour. The factors influencing ester production are reviewed, together with the ways in which they can be used to control ester synthesis. It is believed that acetate esters are synthesized by an enzyme called alcohol acetyl transferase (AAT) which u ...
... produced, which can result in beers with little flavour. The factors influencing ester production are reviewed, together with the ways in which they can be used to control ester synthesis. It is believed that acetate esters are synthesized by an enzyme called alcohol acetyl transferase (AAT) which u ...
Unit F214 - Communication, homeostasis and energy - High
... Herbicides (weedkillers) interfere with electron transport by accepting electrons. Suggest how this causes plants to die. ...
... Herbicides (weedkillers) interfere with electron transport by accepting electrons. Suggest how this causes plants to die. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.