Biochemical studies on a versatile esterase that is most catalytically
... pNP-dodecanoate, albeit at a rate of four orders of magnitude lower. As shown in Fig. 5, pNP esters were the preferred substrates among the examined esters. This enzyme hydrolysed short-chain triacylglycerols that ranged from triacetin (which was preferred; ∼ 23 000 units g−1 at 40°C and pH 8.0) to ...
... pNP-dodecanoate, albeit at a rate of four orders of magnitude lower. As shown in Fig. 5, pNP esters were the preferred substrates among the examined esters. This enzyme hydrolysed short-chain triacylglycerols that ranged from triacetin (which was preferred; ∼ 23 000 units g−1 at 40°C and pH 8.0) to ...
Chemical Inactivation of the Cinnamate 4
... The cinnamate (CA) 4-hydroxylase (C4H) is a cytochrome P450 that catalyzes the second step of the main phenylpropanoid pathway, leading to the synthesis of lignin, pigments, and many defense molecules. Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential trigger of plant disease resistance. Some plant species can sy ...
... The cinnamate (CA) 4-hydroxylase (C4H) is a cytochrome P450 that catalyzes the second step of the main phenylpropanoid pathway, leading to the synthesis of lignin, pigments, and many defense molecules. Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential trigger of plant disease resistance. Some plant species can sy ...
- Iranian Journal of Analytical Chemistry
... larger size biomolecules. They have also found applications in such areas as the biodegradable plastics industry [3], drug delivery systems [4] or in stereoselective laboratory synthesis [5]. Amino acids contain carboxyl and amino functional groups which are responsible for their adsorption ability ...
... larger size biomolecules. They have also found applications in such areas as the biodegradable plastics industry [3], drug delivery systems [4] or in stereoselective laboratory synthesis [5]. Amino acids contain carboxyl and amino functional groups which are responsible for their adsorption ability ...
Enzyme -3. Factors affecting enzyme activity Lecture NO: 1st MBBS
... • It is an interaction B/W a molecule and enzyme that blocks the catalytic action of the enzyme in a normal way • Enzyme inhibition interferes with catalysis and slows down or stops the enzymatic reaction ...
... • It is an interaction B/W a molecule and enzyme that blocks the catalytic action of the enzyme in a normal way • Enzyme inhibition interferes with catalysis and slows down or stops the enzymatic reaction ...
Crystal Structures of the Oxidized and Reduced Forms of UDP
... limited resolution of 2.5 Å, however, details concerning the active site and the solvent structure were not addressed. Furthermore, it was suggested that the presence of an aromatic group in the substrate analog perturbed the conformation of the NAD+ cofactor. Indeed, the nicotinamide ring adopted t ...
... limited resolution of 2.5 Å, however, details concerning the active site and the solvent structure were not addressed. Furthermore, it was suggested that the presence of an aromatic group in the substrate analog perturbed the conformation of the NAD+ cofactor. Indeed, the nicotinamide ring adopted t ...
regulation of mammalian acetyl
... structures, they also function as regulatory molecules, affecting all phases of cellular activities. They are the main energy reserve and the primary component of membranes, as well as of such entities as lung surfactant. Fatty acylation of some regulatory proteins affects their localization, traffi ...
... structures, they also function as regulatory molecules, affecting all phases of cellular activities. They are the main energy reserve and the primary component of membranes, as well as of such entities as lung surfactant. Fatty acylation of some regulatory proteins affects their localization, traffi ...
Summer 2016 - McMaster University`s Faculty of Health Sciences
... Welcome to Biochemistry 2EE3. We are extremely excited to have you on board and together we will explore the very concept that is biochemistry. Biochemistry is everywhere you look: from disease to food to emotions. In this course we will discuss many Biochemistry concepts; from nucleic acids, to pro ...
... Welcome to Biochemistry 2EE3. We are extremely excited to have you on board and together we will explore the very concept that is biochemistry. Biochemistry is everywhere you look: from disease to food to emotions. In this course we will discuss many Biochemistry concepts; from nucleic acids, to pro ...
Immobilized Enzyme Technology: Potentiality and Prospects
... require a support for the immobilization. There are two methods of cross linking in use, (i) Cross Linking Enzyme Aggregate (CLEA), and (ii) Cross Linking Enzyme Crystals (CLEC). Both CLEA and CLEC are modifications of a primitive method, where cross linking agents such as glutaraldehyde (which reac ...
... require a support for the immobilization. There are two methods of cross linking in use, (i) Cross Linking Enzyme Aggregate (CLEA), and (ii) Cross Linking Enzyme Crystals (CLEC). Both CLEA and CLEC are modifications of a primitive method, where cross linking agents such as glutaraldehyde (which reac ...
Carbon Sources Tune Antibiotic Susceptibility in
... Metabolically dormant bacteria present a critical challenge to effective antimicrobial therapy because these bacteria are genetically susceptible to antibiotic treatment but phenotypically tolerant. Such tolerance has been attributed to impaired drug uptake, which can be reversed by metabolic stimul ...
... Metabolically dormant bacteria present a critical challenge to effective antimicrobial therapy because these bacteria are genetically susceptible to antibiotic treatment but phenotypically tolerant. Such tolerance has been attributed to impaired drug uptake, which can be reversed by metabolic stimul ...
Angiogenesis revisited – role and therapeutic potential of targeting
... glucose enhances endothelial cell vulnerability to hypoxia, when sufficiently high concentrations of glucose are present, glycolysis can generate as much ATP as glucose oxidation because glycolysis rapidly produces ATP (Locasale and Cantley, 2011; Mertens et al., 1990). Rapid ATP production through ...
... glucose enhances endothelial cell vulnerability to hypoxia, when sufficiently high concentrations of glucose are present, glycolysis can generate as much ATP as glucose oxidation because glycolysis rapidly produces ATP (Locasale and Cantley, 2011; Mertens et al., 1990). Rapid ATP production through ...
Toxicology 177:
... and prooxidant actions of phenolics in plant cells. In plant systems, phytophenolics can act as antioxidants by donating electrons to guaiacol-type peroxidases (GuPXs) for the detoxification of H2O2 produced under stress conditions. As a result of such enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant ...
... and prooxidant actions of phenolics in plant cells. In plant systems, phytophenolics can act as antioxidants by donating electrons to guaiacol-type peroxidases (GuPXs) for the detoxification of H2O2 produced under stress conditions. As a result of such enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant ...
14. Fitness
... A diet that provides ample fluids and nutrientdense foods to meet energy needs will enhance an athlete’s activity and overall health. Pregame and postgame meals should be light and carbohydrate rich. ...
... A diet that provides ample fluids and nutrientdense foods to meet energy needs will enhance an athlete’s activity and overall health. Pregame and postgame meals should be light and carbohydrate rich. ...
R Is for Arginine Metabolism of Arginine Takes off Again, in New
... intracellular arginine concentration needed for full enzyme activity. In any event, the action of NOS on l-arginine yields NO plus l-citrulline, which can be recycled back to l-arginine by the sequential reactions catalyzed by arginosuccinate synthase and arginosuccinate lyase. But it appears that m ...
... intracellular arginine concentration needed for full enzyme activity. In any event, the action of NOS on l-arginine yields NO plus l-citrulline, which can be recycled back to l-arginine by the sequential reactions catalyzed by arginosuccinate synthase and arginosuccinate lyase. But it appears that m ...
Distributed Atomic Polarizabilities of Amino Acids and their
... Electron densities were obtained by molecular-orbital wave function calculations at various levels of approximation. We used the glycine molecule and three hydrogen bonded dimers as references in order to test various basis set expansions and to compare results from different DFT functionals against ...
... Electron densities were obtained by molecular-orbital wave function calculations at various levels of approximation. We used the glycine molecule and three hydrogen bonded dimers as references in order to test various basis set expansions and to compare results from different DFT functionals against ...
Lipid and fatty acid metabolism in Ralstonia eutropha: relevance for
... from acetyl-CoA (Fig. 2B) (Fujita et al. 2007). Fatty acid biosynthesis in R. eutropha has not been investigated thoroughly, if at all. The presence of fatty acid biosynthesis (fab) genes in the genome of R. eutropha H16 suggests that it synthesizes fatty acids for cell membrane similar to the E. c ...
... from acetyl-CoA (Fig. 2B) (Fujita et al. 2007). Fatty acid biosynthesis in R. eutropha has not been investigated thoroughly, if at all. The presence of fatty acid biosynthesis (fab) genes in the genome of R. eutropha H16 suggests that it synthesizes fatty acids for cell membrane similar to the E. c ...
The Regulation of Acetyl Coenzyme A Synthesis in Chloroplasts
... authors report either the absence [17, 18] or trace amounts [7] of PDC activities in spinach chloro plasts, while others were able to detect significant activities in pea chloroplasts [19, 20]. The present report investigates three possible sources for these discrepancies, namely: 1. the lability o ...
... authors report either the absence [17, 18] or trace amounts [7] of PDC activities in spinach chloro plasts, while others were able to detect significant activities in pea chloroplasts [19, 20]. The present report investigates three possible sources for these discrepancies, namely: 1. the lability o ...
R Is for Arginine
... intracellular arginine concentration needed for full enzyme activity. In any event, the action of NOS on l-arginine yields NO plus l-citrulline, which can be recycled back to l-arginine by the sequential reactions catalyzed by arginosuccinate synthase and arginosuccinate lyase. But it appears that m ...
... intracellular arginine concentration needed for full enzyme activity. In any event, the action of NOS on l-arginine yields NO plus l-citrulline, which can be recycled back to l-arginine by the sequential reactions catalyzed by arginosuccinate synthase and arginosuccinate lyase. But it appears that m ...
Mutational properties of amino acid residues
... As François Jacob pointed out over 30 years ago, evolution is a tinkering process, and, as such, relies on the genetic diversity produced by mutation subsequently shaped by Darwinian selection. However, there is one implicit assumption that is made when studying this tinkering process; it is typica ...
... As François Jacob pointed out over 30 years ago, evolution is a tinkering process, and, as such, relies on the genetic diversity produced by mutation subsequently shaped by Darwinian selection. However, there is one implicit assumption that is made when studying this tinkering process; it is typica ...
Contrasting C3, C4 and CAM Photosynthesis
... The first crucial point to note is that RuBisCO is the only ...
... The first crucial point to note is that RuBisCO is the only ...
Mutational properties of amino acid residues: implications for
... As François Jacob pointed out over 30 years ago, evolution is a tinkering process, and, as such, relies on the genetic diversity produced by mutation subsequently shaped by Darwinian selection. However, there is one implicit assumption that is made when studying this tinkering process; it is typica ...
... As François Jacob pointed out over 30 years ago, evolution is a tinkering process, and, as such, relies on the genetic diversity produced by mutation subsequently shaped by Darwinian selection. However, there is one implicit assumption that is made when studying this tinkering process; it is typica ...
1 Analysis of Polyphenoloxidase Enzyme Activity from Potato Extract
... Analysis of Polyphenoloxidase Enzyme Activity from Potato Extract Biochemistry Lab I (CHEM 4401) Background Enzymes are protein molecules (primarily) that serve as biological catalysts. They are responsible for the synthesis and degradation of lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, ...
... Analysis of Polyphenoloxidase Enzyme Activity from Potato Extract Biochemistry Lab I (CHEM 4401) Background Enzymes are protein molecules (primarily) that serve as biological catalysts. They are responsible for the synthesis and degradation of lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, ...
Sulfur Cycle - Walshearthsciences
... Sulfur reacts with fluorine, F2, and burns to form the hexafluoride sulfur(VI) fluoride. S8(s) + 24F2(g) → 8SF6(l) [orange] Reaction of sulfur with acids Sulfur does not react with dilute non-oxidizing acids. Reaction of sulfur with bases Sulfur reacts with hot aqueous potassium hydroxide, KOH, to f ...
... Sulfur reacts with fluorine, F2, and burns to form the hexafluoride sulfur(VI) fluoride. S8(s) + 24F2(g) → 8SF6(l) [orange] Reaction of sulfur with acids Sulfur does not react with dilute non-oxidizing acids. Reaction of sulfur with bases Sulfur reacts with hot aqueous potassium hydroxide, KOH, to f ...
(MDCAT) 2017 - University Of Health Sciences Lahore
... i) Describe metallic bonding in terms of positive ions surrounded by mobile electrons (sea of electrons). j) Describe, interpret and/or predict the effect of different types of bonding (ionic bonding; covalent bonding; hydrogen bonding; Van der Waal’s forces and metallic bonding) on the physical pro ...
... i) Describe metallic bonding in terms of positive ions surrounded by mobile electrons (sea of electrons). j) Describe, interpret and/or predict the effect of different types of bonding (ionic bonding; covalent bonding; hydrogen bonding; Van der Waal’s forces and metallic bonding) on the physical pro ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.