METABOLISM I. Introduction. - metabolism: all chemical reactions
... - metabolism: all chemical reactions necessary to maintain life; these processes are either anabolic or catabolic. A. Anabolism: reactions that build large molecules from smaller ones (i.e., aa form proteins) B. Catabolism: reactions in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones (i.e. ...
... - metabolism: all chemical reactions necessary to maintain life; these processes are either anabolic or catabolic. A. Anabolism: reactions that build large molecules from smaller ones (i.e., aa form proteins) B. Catabolism: reactions in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones (i.e. ...
Cell Respiration and Metabolism
... Units of Metabolic rate - Metabolic rate is measured as: Calories per square meter per hour (Calories/m2/hr) -m2 is the measure of body surface area. As an example BMR can be calculated from the amount of O2 consumption: A subject consumes 15 L of O2 in 1 hour at basal conditions, Caloric equivalen ...
... Units of Metabolic rate - Metabolic rate is measured as: Calories per square meter per hour (Calories/m2/hr) -m2 is the measure of body surface area. As an example BMR can be calculated from the amount of O2 consumption: A subject consumes 15 L of O2 in 1 hour at basal conditions, Caloric equivalen ...
Model Description Sheet
... pathway, small RNAs derived from viruses are used by Ago-2 to slice virus mRNA, protecting the cells from infection. In the miRNA pathway, Ago-2 utilizes naturally occurring miRNA to slice cellular mRNAs to control protein production. Ago-2 works by binding small (~22 nucleotide) regulatory RNAs (si ...
... pathway, small RNAs derived from viruses are used by Ago-2 to slice virus mRNA, protecting the cells from infection. In the miRNA pathway, Ago-2 utilizes naturally occurring miRNA to slice cellular mRNAs to control protein production. Ago-2 works by binding small (~22 nucleotide) regulatory RNAs (si ...
Atomic Structure (Bohr or Planetary Model)
... – glucose, maltose, amylose, fructose, sucrose • The monomer of carbohydrates is the monosaccharide (one sugar) of which there are a number of types – glucose is the most biologically important • Carbon:Hydrogen:Oxygen in a 1:2:1 atomic ratio – glucose = C6H12O6 • Because they contain oxygen, they a ...
... – glucose, maltose, amylose, fructose, sucrose • The monomer of carbohydrates is the monosaccharide (one sugar) of which there are a number of types – glucose is the most biologically important • Carbon:Hydrogen:Oxygen in a 1:2:1 atomic ratio – glucose = C6H12O6 • Because they contain oxygen, they a ...
Step 2: Pyruvate Oxidation
... The two molecules of acetyl-CoA enter the Krebs cycle The two molecules of NADH proceed to step 4 to participate in oxidative phosphorylation The two CO2 molecules diffuse out of the cell as ...
... The two molecules of acetyl-CoA enter the Krebs cycle The two molecules of NADH proceed to step 4 to participate in oxidative phosphorylation The two CO2 molecules diffuse out of the cell as ...
1st bio 1 exam
... 13) Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions is not correct? A) chloroplasts: site of cellular respiration B) chromosomes: genetic control information C) ribosomes: site of protein synthesis D) mitochondria: formation of ATP E) cell wall: support, p ...
... 13) Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions is not correct? A) chloroplasts: site of cellular respiration B) chromosomes: genetic control information C) ribosomes: site of protein synthesis D) mitochondria: formation of ATP E) cell wall: support, p ...
Molecular Biology
... • Fat-soluble vitamins: carried in fatty parts of foods and dissolve in fats (body stores them in fat... build up can be dangerous) • Water-soluble vitamins: dissolve in water (body does not store them) www.makemegenius.com Free Science Videos for Kids ...
... • Fat-soluble vitamins: carried in fatty parts of foods and dissolve in fats (body stores them in fat... build up can be dangerous) • Water-soluble vitamins: dissolve in water (body does not store them) www.makemegenius.com Free Science Videos for Kids ...
Cellular Respiration www.AssignmentPoint.com Cellular respiration
... Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that takes place in the cytosol of cells in all living organisms. This pathway can function with or without the presence of oxygen. In humans, aerobic conditions produce pyruvate and anaerobic conditions produce lactate. In aerobic conditions, the process converts o ...
... Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that takes place in the cytosol of cells in all living organisms. This pathway can function with or without the presence of oxygen. In humans, aerobic conditions produce pyruvate and anaerobic conditions produce lactate. In aerobic conditions, the process converts o ...
Review: proteins
... The ______________ __________________ is the 3D shape of the protein as it folds back on itself. This structure is held together by ______________, ______________, and ______________ between R groups. The shape and function of the protein is determined by its _______________ _________________. 6. Wh ...
... The ______________ __________________ is the 3D shape of the protein as it folds back on itself. This structure is held together by ______________, ______________, and ______________ between R groups. The shape and function of the protein is determined by its _______________ _________________. 6. Wh ...
Biology 1406 Quiz 2 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) When biologists
... 40) When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes A) dehydrogenated. B) oxidized. C) reduced. D) redoxed. E) hydrolyzed. 41) Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells? A) mitochondrial matrix B) mitochondrial outer m ...
... 40) When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes A) dehydrogenated. B) oxidized. C) reduced. D) redoxed. E) hydrolyzed. 41) Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells? A) mitochondrial matrix B) mitochondrial outer m ...
Biochemistry - Circle of Docs
... a. ATP b. GTP and FADH2 c. ATP and NADH d. FADH2 and NADH 25. The most common way to enter the Krebs cycle for amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose is a. Citrate b. Acetyl-CoA c. Oxaloacetate d. Pyruvate 26. The rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis is a. HMG CoA Mevalonate 27. Glucose 6 phos ...
... a. ATP b. GTP and FADH2 c. ATP and NADH d. FADH2 and NADH 25. The most common way to enter the Krebs cycle for amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose is a. Citrate b. Acetyl-CoA c. Oxaloacetate d. Pyruvate 26. The rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis is a. HMG CoA Mevalonate 27. Glucose 6 phos ...
Chapter 15 - FIU Faculty Websites
... 4. Although many reactions occur inside a cell, there are a limited number of reaction types involving particular intermediates that are common to all metabolic pathways. 5. Metabolic pathways are highly regulated. ...
... 4. Although many reactions occur inside a cell, there are a limited number of reaction types involving particular intermediates that are common to all metabolic pathways. 5. Metabolic pathways are highly regulated. ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation (Lectures 12 + 13)
... 5.) Summarize the overall net energy yield for 1 molecule of glucose that undergoes glycolysis and the CAC—It may be helpful to include the energy reactants and products (p. 164 in text). 6.) Explain how the concentration of ATP would affect reaction rates—(how is CAC regulated?) (p.162 in text) 7. ...
... 5.) Summarize the overall net energy yield for 1 molecule of glucose that undergoes glycolysis and the CAC—It may be helpful to include the energy reactants and products (p. 164 in text). 6.) Explain how the concentration of ATP would affect reaction rates—(how is CAC regulated?) (p.162 in text) 7. ...
Review: Thermodynamics and Cell Respiration
... 18. What happens to the 6 carbon glucose molecule in aerobic respiration? Alcoholic fermentation? Lactic acid fermentation? ...
... 18. What happens to the 6 carbon glucose molecule in aerobic respiration? Alcoholic fermentation? Lactic acid fermentation? ...
Diversity of Metabolism in Procaryotes
... (phosphoketolase) pathway of fermentation. The overall reaction in the fermentation of glucose is Glucose ------> Lactic acid + ethanol + CO2 + 1 ATP (net). ...
... (phosphoketolase) pathway of fermentation. The overall reaction in the fermentation of glucose is Glucose ------> Lactic acid + ethanol + CO2 + 1 ATP (net). ...
Biology 20
... 10. The cells of an ant and an elephant are, on average, the same small size; an elephant just has more of them. What is the advantage of small cell size? a) small cells are less likely to burst than large cell; b) small cells are less likely to be infected by bacteria; c) small cells can better tak ...
... 10. The cells of an ant and an elephant are, on average, the same small size; an elephant just has more of them. What is the advantage of small cell size? a) small cells are less likely to burst than large cell; b) small cells are less likely to be infected by bacteria; c) small cells can better tak ...
Citric Acid Cycle Overview of Cycle Fate of Acetyl CoA
... • Used to drive reaction in presence of small [oxaloacetate] ...
... • Used to drive reaction in presence of small [oxaloacetate] ...
Worksheet6-3Proteins
... 10. To make all the proteins your body needs, you require ________________ different amino acids. 11. Why are some amino acids called “non-essential” amino acids, even when your body still needs them? _______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ ...
... 10. To make all the proteins your body needs, you require ________________ different amino acids. 11. Why are some amino acids called “non-essential” amino acids, even when your body still needs them? _______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ ...
Cellular Respiration
... shuttled by NADH and FADH2 are used to make ATP (they are used for other kinds of work). The ratio of NADH to ATP is wacky (10 H+ out for every one NADH, but we know what we don’t ...
... shuttled by NADH and FADH2 are used to make ATP (they are used for other kinds of work). The ratio of NADH to ATP is wacky (10 H+ out for every one NADH, but we know what we don’t ...
Chapter 5 Microbial Nutrition and Culture
... - (use energy and building blocks to build large molecules) • Catabolism: rxn that releases energy by breaking complex molecules into simpler ones which can be reused as building blocks - (provides energy and building blocks for anabolism) ...
... - (use energy and building blocks to build large molecules) • Catabolism: rxn that releases energy by breaking complex molecules into simpler ones which can be reused as building blocks - (provides energy and building blocks for anabolism) ...
here
... Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle HW 1. Contrast glycolysis with cell respiration, citing such factors as locale, oxygen use, energy yields, and type of phosphorylation used. 2. Briefly describe the two means by which ADP is phosphorylated. 3. How does glycolysis differ from fermentation? 4. What is the purp ...
... Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle HW 1. Contrast glycolysis with cell respiration, citing such factors as locale, oxygen use, energy yields, and type of phosphorylation used. 2. Briefly describe the two means by which ADP is phosphorylated. 3. How does glycolysis differ from fermentation? 4. What is the purp ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
... Aminotransferases catalyze transfer of amino groups of amino acids to a-ketoglutarate ...
... Aminotransferases catalyze transfer of amino groups of amino acids to a-ketoglutarate ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.