bile acids - The Vespiary
... cules, which may interfere in their analysis. It is often necessary to isolate and at least partially purify bile acids before preparation for GC. Plasma bile acids mainly exist as glycine and taurine conjugates and unconjugated bile acids are present in only small proportions. Plasma is usually pas ...
... cules, which may interfere in their analysis. It is often necessary to isolate and at least partially purify bile acids before preparation for GC. Plasma bile acids mainly exist as glycine and taurine conjugates and unconjugated bile acids are present in only small proportions. Plasma is usually pas ...
Full-Text PDF
... Asp16, and His147, and has two free sites that can be occupied by water molecules or ligands such as substrate (Figure 5). In the PDB 1Q74 structure, the bound Zn2+ ion is pentacoordinate (three protein ligands and two water molecules), [4] while in the 4EWL structure the bound Zn2+ ion is tetrahedr ...
... Asp16, and His147, and has two free sites that can be occupied by water molecules or ligands such as substrate (Figure 5). In the PDB 1Q74 structure, the bound Zn2+ ion is pentacoordinate (three protein ligands and two water molecules), [4] while in the 4EWL structure the bound Zn2+ ion is tetrahedr ...
Seminars in
... and gluconeogenic enzyme systems; (2) an adequate supply of endogenous gluconeogenic substrates (amino acids, glycerol and lactate); (3) an adequate energy supply provided by B-oxidation of fatty acids to synthesize glucose and ketone bodies, the latter being exported to peripheral tissues and used ...
... and gluconeogenic enzyme systems; (2) an adequate supply of endogenous gluconeogenic substrates (amino acids, glycerol and lactate); (3) an adequate energy supply provided by B-oxidation of fatty acids to synthesize glucose and ketone bodies, the latter being exported to peripheral tissues and used ...
Understanding the acetylome: translating targeted
... that contraction-sensitive allosteric factors (e.g., Ca2⫹, AMP, NAD⫹, and acetylCoA) initiate signaling changes, how the muscle translates changes in these factors into the appropriate adaptive response remains poorly understood. During the past decade, systems biology approaches, utilizing “omics” ...
... that contraction-sensitive allosteric factors (e.g., Ca2⫹, AMP, NAD⫹, and acetylCoA) initiate signaling changes, how the muscle translates changes in these factors into the appropriate adaptive response remains poorly understood. During the past decade, systems biology approaches, utilizing “omics” ...
Determination of Standard Gibbs Energies of Transfer of Organic
... of the unsaturated acids, such as maleic and citraconic acid, have a lower energy of transfer than the monoanionic forms of the corresponding saturated acids, that is, succinic and glutaric acid. This behavior can be attributed to the negative inductive effect of the double bond. To understand this ...
... of the unsaturated acids, such as maleic and citraconic acid, have a lower energy of transfer than the monoanionic forms of the corresponding saturated acids, that is, succinic and glutaric acid. This behavior can be attributed to the negative inductive effect of the double bond. To understand this ...
Unit F324/01
... (b) 4-Aminophenol is produced by the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Write an equation to show the production of 4-aminophenol from 4-nitrophenol. Use [H] to represent the reducing agent. ...
... (b) 4-Aminophenol is produced by the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Write an equation to show the production of 4-aminophenol from 4-nitrophenol. Use [H] to represent the reducing agent. ...
Cellular Respiration Webquest
... Go to: Biology in Motion. Read & complete the activity. (http://www.biologyinmotion.com/atp/index.html) 1. What is ATP? ...
... Go to: Biology in Motion. Read & complete the activity. (http://www.biologyinmotion.com/atp/index.html) 1. What is ATP? ...
Impact of carbon sources on growth and oxalate - The Keep
... was also stimulated by pyruvate. Other carbon sources appeared to be stimulatory but the range of growth often observed for a given isolate was large, thus making comparisons within isolates difficult. In ...
... was also stimulated by pyruvate. Other carbon sources appeared to be stimulatory but the range of growth often observed for a given isolate was large, thus making comparisons within isolates difficult. In ...
Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, and Diseases
... Hence, the above two process are important to understand the chemical reactivity of superoxide anion radical in cells: • its dismutation yields non-radical products: oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thereby decreasing the reactivity of superoxide radical • its protonation increases the reactivit ...
... Hence, the above two process are important to understand the chemical reactivity of superoxide anion radical in cells: • its dismutation yields non-radical products: oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thereby decreasing the reactivity of superoxide radical • its protonation increases the reactivit ...
Glucose Regulation by Dr Sarma
... Can convert glucose to glycogen. Can convert glucose to pyruvate through glycolysis further metabolized to lactate or transaminated to alanine or channeled into the TCA cycle. ...
... Can convert glucose to glycogen. Can convert glucose to pyruvate through glycolysis further metabolized to lactate or transaminated to alanine or channeled into the TCA cycle. ...
Classification of pseudo pairs between nucleotide bases and amino
... participating in such pseudo pairs. Pseudo pairs between the Watson–Crick edge of guanine and Asp are frequently observed. The Hoogsteen edge of the purine bases is a good discriminatory element in recognition of nucleotide bases by protein side chains through the pseudo pairing: the Hoogsteen edge ...
... participating in such pseudo pairs. Pseudo pairs between the Watson–Crick edge of guanine and Asp are frequently observed. The Hoogsteen edge of the purine bases is a good discriminatory element in recognition of nucleotide bases by protein side chains through the pseudo pairing: the Hoogsteen edge ...
The model was provided with glucose and FFA inputs to
... The fold increase in the rate of non-oxidative glucose metabolism is well within one standard deviation of the experimental data at the moderate insulin concentration (Table 5). The very high insulin concentration had a smaller effect in the simulated data than is seen experimentally. However, one p ...
... The fold increase in the rate of non-oxidative glucose metabolism is well within one standard deviation of the experimental data at the moderate insulin concentration (Table 5). The very high insulin concentration had a smaller effect in the simulated data than is seen experimentally. However, one p ...
biotransformation - University of California, Berkeley
... The elimination of xenobiotics often depends on their conversion to water-soluble chemicals through biotransformation, catalyzed by multiple enzymes primarily in the liver with contributions from other tissues. Biotransformation changes the properties of a xenobiotic usually from a lipophilic form ( ...
... The elimination of xenobiotics often depends on their conversion to water-soluble chemicals through biotransformation, catalyzed by multiple enzymes primarily in the liver with contributions from other tissues. Biotransformation changes the properties of a xenobiotic usually from a lipophilic form ( ...
(EC 2.2.1.1) active in the Calvin cycle of spinach chloroplasts
... the Calvin cycle and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) of higher-plant chloroplasts. In the Calvin cycle, it catalyses the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from either D-fructose6-phosphate or D-sedoheptulose-7-phosphate to Dglyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to yield D-xylulose-5phosphate ...
... the Calvin cycle and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) of higher-plant chloroplasts. In the Calvin cycle, it catalyses the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from either D-fructose6-phosphate or D-sedoheptulose-7-phosphate to Dglyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to yield D-xylulose-5phosphate ...
Liver Function Tests slides 2009
... gluconeogenesis depletes oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA cannot be converted rapidly enough to citrate, acetyl CoA accumulates, and a decyclase in the liver liberates ketone bodies into the blood). ...
... gluconeogenesis depletes oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA cannot be converted rapidly enough to citrate, acetyl CoA accumulates, and a decyclase in the liver liberates ketone bodies into the blood). ...
Peptide fragmentation - University of Szeged, Department of
... containing them retain the charge and tend to dominate the spectrum. For example, tryptic peptides usually exhibit abundant C-terminal sequence ion series. However, when a tryptic peptide with C-terminal Lys contains a His-residue close to its N-terminus, the ion series observed may be controlled by ...
... containing them retain the charge and tend to dominate the spectrum. For example, tryptic peptides usually exhibit abundant C-terminal sequence ion series. However, when a tryptic peptide with C-terminal Lys contains a His-residue close to its N-terminus, the ion series observed may be controlled by ...
COMPUTATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN THE STRUCTURAL STABILITY OF ‘ALLALPHA’ PROTEINS: THE NH...Π INTERACTIONS
... The values of S obtained for all the amino acids were plotted in Fig. 3. The percentage ratio calculated shows that Arg make the maximum contribution to this N‐H...π interaction (52 interactions in a total of 160 interactions). It might be due to the fact that the side chain of arginin ...
... The values of S obtained for all the amino acids were plotted in Fig. 3. The percentage ratio calculated shows that Arg make the maximum contribution to this N‐H...π interaction (52 interactions in a total of 160 interactions). It might be due to the fact that the side chain of arginin ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... a. The water for photosynthesis in land plants comes primarily from the soil. b. CO2 is taken in, and water and O2 are released through stomata. c. Light is necessary for the production of O2 and carbohydrates. d. Photosynthesis is the reverse of cellular respiration. e. All the O2 gas produced duri ...
... a. The water for photosynthesis in land plants comes primarily from the soil. b. CO2 is taken in, and water and O2 are released through stomata. c. Light is necessary for the production of O2 and carbohydrates. d. Photosynthesis is the reverse of cellular respiration. e. All the O2 gas produced duri ...
Phytochemistry
... Amaranthus leucocarpus lectin shows important mitogenic activity against mouse spleen lymphocytes (Table 4). This effect appears as a concentration-dependent response. As shown here, the mitogenic activity of 4 #g of A. leucocarpus lectin is similar to that obtained using 2 #g ofconcavalin A as a co ...
... Amaranthus leucocarpus lectin shows important mitogenic activity against mouse spleen lymphocytes (Table 4). This effect appears as a concentration-dependent response. As shown here, the mitogenic activity of 4 #g of A. leucocarpus lectin is similar to that obtained using 2 #g ofconcavalin A as a co ...
Connecting Proline and γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Stressed
... Hydrogen abstraction, addition, and electron transfer processes are the most common reaction channels for OH, leading to new radicals or closed shell molecular species with lower reactivity [6]. Cellular defense against ROS can benefit from either enzymatic or non-enzymatic antioxidant processes. P ...
... Hydrogen abstraction, addition, and electron transfer processes are the most common reaction channels for OH, leading to new radicals or closed shell molecular species with lower reactivity [6]. Cellular defense against ROS can benefit from either enzymatic or non-enzymatic antioxidant processes. P ...
NST110: Advanced Toxicology Lecture 4: Phase I Metabolism
... The elimination of xenobiotics often depends on their conversion to water-soluble chemicals through biotransformation, catalyzed by multiple enzymes primarily in the liver with contributions from other tissues. Biotransformation changes the properties of a xenobiotic usually from a lipophilic form ( ...
... The elimination of xenobiotics often depends on their conversion to water-soluble chemicals through biotransformation, catalyzed by multiple enzymes primarily in the liver with contributions from other tissues. Biotransformation changes the properties of a xenobiotic usually from a lipophilic form ( ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.