Ammonium toxicity and potassium limitation in yeast.
... 150 mM [6,7]. This gradient is maintained in media containing less than 1 mM potassium and has been reported to play a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes, including regulation of cell volume, intracellular pH, and protein synthesis, and prevention of the deleterious effects of sodium io ...
... 150 mM [6,7]. This gradient is maintained in media containing less than 1 mM potassium and has been reported to play a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes, including regulation of cell volume, intracellular pH, and protein synthesis, and prevention of the deleterious effects of sodium io ...
Ammonium toxicity and potassium limitation in yeast.
... 150 mM [6,7]. This gradient is maintained in media containing less than 1 mM potassium and has been reported to play a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes, including regulation of cell volume, intracellular pH, and protein synthesis, and prevention of the deleterious effects of sodium io ...
... 150 mM [6,7]. This gradient is maintained in media containing less than 1 mM potassium and has been reported to play a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes, including regulation of cell volume, intracellular pH, and protein synthesis, and prevention of the deleterious effects of sodium io ...
1 Regulation of Substrate Oxidation Preferences in Muscle by the
... Recent evidence suggests that the peptide hormone adropin plays a role in energy homeostasis (1; 2). These studies linked adropin actions to the control of lipid glucose metabolism, however the exact role remains unclear (1; 2). Adropin is mainly expressed in liver (1), and its expression in this or ...
... Recent evidence suggests that the peptide hormone adropin plays a role in energy homeostasis (1; 2). These studies linked adropin actions to the control of lipid glucose metabolism, however the exact role remains unclear (1; 2). Adropin is mainly expressed in liver (1), and its expression in this or ...
FORMATTED - revised ENZYMology
... In covalent catalysis, functional groups present in side chains of amino acids constituting the active site forms the temporary covalent bond with a portion of the substrate and generate a covalent intermediate that shifts the reaction towards the transition state, thus helping to overcome the activ ...
... In covalent catalysis, functional groups present in side chains of amino acids constituting the active site forms the temporary covalent bond with a portion of the substrate and generate a covalent intermediate that shifts the reaction towards the transition state, thus helping to overcome the activ ...
Analysis of a ribose transport operon from Bacillus
... 1986; Higgins e t al., 1990). This classification is based on the observation that a large number of transport systems have a substrate-binding protein located in the periplasm of the cell. This is released upon osmotic shock, and renders the cell incapable of transporting the metabolite. In additio ...
... 1986; Higgins e t al., 1990). This classification is based on the observation that a large number of transport systems have a substrate-binding protein located in the periplasm of the cell. This is released upon osmotic shock, and renders the cell incapable of transporting the metabolite. In additio ...
9.3 Polymers - Central Lyon CSD
... A polymer is a large molecule that forms when many smaller molecules are linked together by covalent bonds. • The smaller molecules that join together to form a polymer are monomers. • In some polymers, there is only one type of monomer. Other polymers have two or more kinds of monomers. ...
... A polymer is a large molecule that forms when many smaller molecules are linked together by covalent bonds. • The smaller molecules that join together to form a polymer are monomers. • In some polymers, there is only one type of monomer. Other polymers have two or more kinds of monomers. ...
C454_lect12 - chem.uwec.edu - University of Wisconsin
... Lecture 12 - Nucleotide Biosynthesis Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire ...
... Lecture 12 - Nucleotide Biosynthesis Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire ...
Lecture 12 - Nucleotide Biosynthesis - chem.uwec.edu
... Lecture 12 - Nucleotide Biosynthesis Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire ...
... Lecture 12 - Nucleotide Biosynthesis Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire ...
Thermal Degradation of Small Molecules: A
... shown in Figures 1 and 2, separate sets of plasma extracts were each heated at 60 °C, 100 °C, and 250 °C for three different time periods (30 s, 60 s, and 300 s). Generally it was observed that heating at high temperatures has a significant effect on the small molecules, as reflected in the percentage o ...
... shown in Figures 1 and 2, separate sets of plasma extracts were each heated at 60 °C, 100 °C, and 250 °C for three different time periods (30 s, 60 s, and 300 s). Generally it was observed that heating at high temperatures has a significant effect on the small molecules, as reflected in the percentage o ...
Localization of Low-sulfur Keratin Proteins in the Wool Follicle Using
... as fluorescence within the cytoplasm of the cells of the target structure, indicating that the proteins recognized are intracellular. One of the monoclonal antibodies binding to the family 7 components (K2F2) binds very strongly to component 5 as indicated by Western Transfer (Fig. 2d) and was found ...
... as fluorescence within the cytoplasm of the cells of the target structure, indicating that the proteins recognized are intracellular. One of the monoclonal antibodies binding to the family 7 components (K2F2) binds very strongly to component 5 as indicated by Western Transfer (Fig. 2d) and was found ...
Induced-fit of the peptidyl-transferase center of the
... peptide bond formation with full-length substrates, the accommodation step (during which the 3' acceptor arm of an A-site tRNA moves into the PTC) must be excluded from the chemical step, a (still unresolved) difficulty at the origin of some controversy in the literature (Bieling et al. 2006; Johans ...
... peptide bond formation with full-length substrates, the accommodation step (during which the 3' acceptor arm of an A-site tRNA moves into the PTC) must be excluded from the chemical step, a (still unresolved) difficulty at the origin of some controversy in the literature (Bieling et al. 2006; Johans ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle-Dependent Regulation of Staphylococcus
... Staphylococcus epidermidis is a major nosocomial pathogen primarily infecting immunocompromised individuals or those with implanted biomaterials (e.g., catheters). Biomaterial-associated infections often involve the formation of a biofilm on the surface of the medical device. In S. epidermidis, poly ...
... Staphylococcus epidermidis is a major nosocomial pathogen primarily infecting immunocompromised individuals or those with implanted biomaterials (e.g., catheters). Biomaterial-associated infections often involve the formation of a biofilm on the surface of the medical device. In S. epidermidis, poly ...
Purification and Partial Characterization of an Acid
... slow moving component with a molecular weight of about 155000 and a second protein band of molecular weight 87 100. The molecular weight of the acid phosphatase was estimated to be 93000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. This suggested that the faster moving component on SDS-polyacrylamide gel el ...
... slow moving component with a molecular weight of about 155000 and a second protein band of molecular weight 87 100. The molecular weight of the acid phosphatase was estimated to be 93000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. This suggested that the faster moving component on SDS-polyacrylamide gel el ...
Supp Mat - Columbia University
... The ternary complexes used in these experiments were prepared with EF-Tu in a sixfold excess over aa-tRNA such that at our experimental concentration, essentially all aa-tRNA was bound to EF-Tu(GTP), even for misacylated tRNAs with impaired EF-Tu affinities. Likewise, the concentration of aa-tRNA, p ...
... The ternary complexes used in these experiments were prepared with EF-Tu in a sixfold excess over aa-tRNA such that at our experimental concentration, essentially all aa-tRNA was bound to EF-Tu(GTP), even for misacylated tRNAs with impaired EF-Tu affinities. Likewise, the concentration of aa-tRNA, p ...
Journal of Biological Chemistry
... effect of ethionine upon amino acid incorporation into protein of the liver ribosome system (Table II) just as effectively as it does the decrease in hepatic ATP concentration induced by the same analogue (3). These results tend to implicate cellular BTP deficiency as being important in the inhibiti ...
... effect of ethionine upon amino acid incorporation into protein of the liver ribosome system (Table II) just as effectively as it does the decrease in hepatic ATP concentration induced by the same analogue (3). These results tend to implicate cellular BTP deficiency as being important in the inhibiti ...
Protein phosphorylation in bacterial signal transduction
... were first discovered in Eukarya and later in Bacteria. Since it is very unlikely that the genes encoding these kinases arrived to almost all bacterial genomes by horizontal transfer from Eukarya, we would like to argue here that the name “eukaryotic type kinases” is somewhat misleading. Hanks kinase ...
... were first discovered in Eukarya and later in Bacteria. Since it is very unlikely that the genes encoding these kinases arrived to almost all bacterial genomes by horizontal transfer from Eukarya, we would like to argue here that the name “eukaryotic type kinases” is somewhat misleading. Hanks kinase ...
Creatine kinase: The reactive cysteine is required for synergism but
... C278N. Thus, Cys278 probably provides a negative charge which is directly or indirectly involved in maximizing C K activity. Under near-optimal conditions in the reverse reaction, mutants C278G and C278S showed about an 1l-fold increase inKm(PCr),but only 1.7- and 2.8-fold reductions in V-, respecti ...
... C278N. Thus, Cys278 probably provides a negative charge which is directly or indirectly involved in maximizing C K activity. Under near-optimal conditions in the reverse reaction, mutants C278G and C278S showed about an 1l-fold increase inKm(PCr),but only 1.7- and 2.8-fold reductions in V-, respecti ...
Pineapple Juice and Its Fractions in Enzymatic Browning Inhibition
... crude enzyme was then partially purified by fractionation with 80% ammonium sulfate saturation followed by conventional column chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 HR (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) as a modified method of Ngalani et al. (17). The fractions containing at least 30% of the PPO activity of t ...
... crude enzyme was then partially purified by fractionation with 80% ammonium sulfate saturation followed by conventional column chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 HR (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) as a modified method of Ngalani et al. (17). The fractions containing at least 30% of the PPO activity of t ...
Factors Influencing the Early Phases of Growth of
... (1.25x 10-8 cells/ml.; Lodge & Hinshelwood, 19483). This age refers to the parent culture and the initial population of a daughter culture inoculated from it was 1/250of the population of the parent, at that age, in our experiments. The present work was undertaken because we found that inocula deriv ...
... (1.25x 10-8 cells/ml.; Lodge & Hinshelwood, 19483). This age refers to the parent culture and the initial population of a daughter culture inoculated from it was 1/250of the population of the parent, at that age, in our experiments. The present work was undertaken because we found that inocula deriv ...
Universitat Autònoma SEPARACIÓ DE COMPOSTOS ANIÒNICS I NEUTRES AMB
... In the case of using the amino acids as analyte, the affinity of its anionic form for the metallic center (Pd(II)) and the lower pH in the receiving phase that changes the speciation of the amino acid leading to its release from the LM phase is the power that maintains the transport. This system was ...
... In the case of using the amino acids as analyte, the affinity of its anionic form for the metallic center (Pd(II)) and the lower pH in the receiving phase that changes the speciation of the amino acid leading to its release from the LM phase is the power that maintains the transport. This system was ...
Purification and Partial Characterization of an Acid
... slow moving component with a molecular weight of about 155000 and a second protein band of molecular weight 87 100. The molecular weight of the acid phosphatase was estimated to be 93000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. This suggested that the faster moving component on SDS-polyacrylamide gel el ...
... slow moving component with a molecular weight of about 155000 and a second protein band of molecular weight 87 100. The molecular weight of the acid phosphatase was estimated to be 93000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. This suggested that the faster moving component on SDS-polyacrylamide gel el ...
- David McDonald, Duke University
... for better design of treatment regimens. The acylcarnitine profile has been shown to be useful in identifying inborn errors of metabolism in neonatal screening using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/ MS) based analysis. Important examples are fatty acid oxidation defects, such as long-chain acyl-CoA dehy ...
... for better design of treatment regimens. The acylcarnitine profile has been shown to be useful in identifying inborn errors of metabolism in neonatal screening using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/ MS) based analysis. Important examples are fatty acid oxidation defects, such as long-chain acyl-CoA dehy ...
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry
... almost any size and can form combinations of single, double, and triple covalent bonds. This versatility allows the formation of a huge variety of very large organic molecules. In this chapter, we will examine the characteristic physical properties of families of organic molecules, and relate these ...
... almost any size and can form combinations of single, double, and triple covalent bonds. This versatility allows the formation of a huge variety of very large organic molecules. In this chapter, we will examine the characteristic physical properties of families of organic molecules, and relate these ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... Nutrient assimilation Assimilating N and S is very expensive! • Reducing NO3- to NH4+ costs 8 e- (1 NADPH + 6 Fd) • Assimilating NH4+ into amino acids also costs ATP + e• Nitrogen fixation costs 16 ATP + 8 e• SO42- reduction to S2- costs 8 e- + 2ATP • S2- assimilation into Cysteine costs 2 more e• ...
... Nutrient assimilation Assimilating N and S is very expensive! • Reducing NO3- to NH4+ costs 8 e- (1 NADPH + 6 Fd) • Assimilating NH4+ into amino acids also costs ATP + e• Nitrogen fixation costs 16 ATP + 8 e• SO42- reduction to S2- costs 8 e- + 2ATP • S2- assimilation into Cysteine costs 2 more e• ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.