A number of antibiotics produced by different - J
... The authors wish to thank Dr. ERIC CUNDLIFFE for a critical reading of the manuscript. We also wish to thank Upjohn Co. for the gift of streptovaricin, streptolydigin, tirandamycin and geldanamycin, Takeda Chemical Industries for tolypomycin Y and Pfizer for thiolutin. This research was supported by ...
... The authors wish to thank Dr. ERIC CUNDLIFFE for a critical reading of the manuscript. We also wish to thank Upjohn Co. for the gift of streptovaricin, streptolydigin, tirandamycin and geldanamycin, Takeda Chemical Industries for tolypomycin Y and Pfizer for thiolutin. This research was supported by ...
Sugar beet syrups in lactic acid fermentation – Part I
... industrial production. A first series of fermentation experiments with sugar beet thick juice, a sucrose-containing intermediate of beet sugar production, provided by P&L, shows that this substance serves as a suitable substrate for the production of lactic acid. In fermentation experiments the deri ...
... industrial production. A first series of fermentation experiments with sugar beet thick juice, a sucrose-containing intermediate of beet sugar production, provided by P&L, shows that this substance serves as a suitable substrate for the production of lactic acid. In fermentation experiments the deri ...
The autophagy conundrum in cancer: influence of
... Warburg hypothesized that this alteration in glucose metabolism resulted from mitochondrial dysfunction. It is now appreciated that cancer cell mitochondria are not globally dysfunctional, but rather reprogrammed to support their increased biosynthetic needs. As mitochondria in tumor cells are re-pu ...
... Warburg hypothesized that this alteration in glucose metabolism resulted from mitochondrial dysfunction. It is now appreciated that cancer cell mitochondria are not globally dysfunctional, but rather reprogrammed to support their increased biosynthetic needs. As mitochondria in tumor cells are re-pu ...
Reverse Genetic Characterization of Cytosolic Acetyl
... 2003). Condensation first forms acetoacetyl-CoA and subsequently leads to the biosynthesis of mevalonate-derived isoprenoids, such as sesquiterpenes, sterols, and brassinosteroids (Disch et al., 1998). Acetylation reactions occur in several subcellular compartments, and products include acetylated p ...
... 2003). Condensation first forms acetoacetyl-CoA and subsequently leads to the biosynthesis of mevalonate-derived isoprenoids, such as sesquiterpenes, sterols, and brassinosteroids (Disch et al., 1998). Acetylation reactions occur in several subcellular compartments, and products include acetylated p ...
Section 3. Antimicrobial Sulfonamides and Antibacterial Synergists
... Antimetabolites are compounds that prevent the biosynthesis or use of normal cellular metabolites. The usually are closely related in structure to the metabolite that is antagonized. Many antimetabolites are enzyme inhibitors. They may combine with active site as if they were the substrate or cofact ...
... Antimetabolites are compounds that prevent the biosynthesis or use of normal cellular metabolites. The usually are closely related in structure to the metabolite that is antagonized. Many antimetabolites are enzyme inhibitors. They may combine with active site as if they were the substrate or cofact ...
Energy systems and interplay of energy systems
... energy ‘currency’ of all body cells, including muscle cells. It powers all of the cell’s metabolic activities, including in the case of muscle cells, the ability to contract. An ATP molecule consists of adenosine and a chain of three inorganic phosphate groups bound together by high-energy chemical ...
... energy ‘currency’ of all body cells, including muscle cells. It powers all of the cell’s metabolic activities, including in the case of muscle cells, the ability to contract. An ATP molecule consists of adenosine and a chain of three inorganic phosphate groups bound together by high-energy chemical ...
Liver glucose metabolism in humans
... pathway to produce UDP-N-acetylglucosamine or follow the glycolytic pathway to generate pyruvate and then acetyl-coA. Acetyl-coA may enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle to be oxidized or may be exported to the cytosol to synthesize fatty acids, when excess glucose is present within the hepatocyte. Fi ...
... pathway to produce UDP-N-acetylglucosamine or follow the glycolytic pathway to generate pyruvate and then acetyl-coA. Acetyl-coA may enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle to be oxidized or may be exported to the cytosol to synthesize fatty acids, when excess glucose is present within the hepatocyte. Fi ...
lactic acid ENG.cdr
... (LDH), and involves the conversion of NADH to NAD+. When oxygen supply to cells is reduced, NAD+ production by electron transport ceases. This leads to a build-up of both pyruvate and NADH, conditions that favour the production of lactate. What are the causes of lactic acidosis? The causes of lactic ...
... (LDH), and involves the conversion of NADH to NAD+. When oxygen supply to cells is reduced, NAD+ production by electron transport ceases. This leads to a build-up of both pyruvate and NADH, conditions that favour the production of lactate. What are the causes of lactic acidosis? The causes of lactic ...
Reverse Genetic Characterization of Cytosolic
... 2003). Condensation first forms acetoacetyl-CoA and subsequently leads to the biosynthesis of mevalonate-derived isoprenoids, such as sesquiterpenes, sterols, and brassinosteroids (Disch et al., 1998). Acetylation reactions occur in several subcellular compartments, and products include acetylated p ...
... 2003). Condensation first forms acetoacetyl-CoA and subsequently leads to the biosynthesis of mevalonate-derived isoprenoids, such as sesquiterpenes, sterols, and brassinosteroids (Disch et al., 1998). Acetylation reactions occur in several subcellular compartments, and products include acetylated p ...
Reactive cysteine in proteins: Protein folding - Genoma
... proper tertiary and quaternary structures to perform their biological functions. Because most proteins spontaneously fold into their native conformation under physiological conditions, the central dogma also implies that protein's primary structure dictates its tertiary structure. Our interest is on ...
... proper tertiary and quaternary structures to perform their biological functions. Because most proteins spontaneously fold into their native conformation under physiological conditions, the central dogma also implies that protein's primary structure dictates its tertiary structure. Our interest is on ...
Answers to Scoring in Scrabble (English Word Play)
... (note: because this is a simple perl program we are really only searching by line, any patter that spans a “return” and is therefore broken up onto two lines will not be found by this script. There are easy ways to fix this) (11c) Write a regular expression to find a Lysine rich region. regex = (AA[ ...
... (note: because this is a simple perl program we are really only searching by line, any patter that spans a “return” and is therefore broken up onto two lines will not be found by this script. There are easy ways to fix this) (11c) Write a regular expression to find a Lysine rich region. regex = (AA[ ...
PDF - Geoff McFadden`s Lab
... pyruvate kinase (PYK), could provide the appropriate substrates and some of the energy and reducing power that are required to drive apicoplast-based anabolic pathways for fatty acids and isoprenoids (FIG. 4). Dark plastids also require energy and reducing power, which they usually obtain by importi ...
... pyruvate kinase (PYK), could provide the appropriate substrates and some of the energy and reducing power that are required to drive apicoplast-based anabolic pathways for fatty acids and isoprenoids (FIG. 4). Dark plastids also require energy and reducing power, which they usually obtain by importi ...
View/Open - VUW research archive - Victoria University of Wellington
... having a second lab family. I would also like to acknowledge the fellow students, past and present, who I have come to know, in particular, Ploi Yibmantasiri, Janice Cheng, Nathaniel Dasaym, Bede Busby, Peter Birchirm, Katie Zeier, and Dr Christine Stockholm. Thank you for ...
... having a second lab family. I would also like to acknowledge the fellow students, past and present, who I have come to know, in particular, Ploi Yibmantasiri, Janice Cheng, Nathaniel Dasaym, Bede Busby, Peter Birchirm, Katie Zeier, and Dr Christine Stockholm. Thank you for ...
Organization and Integration of Large-scale Datasets for
... in all seinen vielfältigen Facetten ...
... in all seinen vielfältigen Facetten ...
uncorrected page proofs
... energy ‘currency’ of all body cells, including muscle cells. It powers all of the cell’s metabolic activities, including in the case of muscle cells, the ability to contract. An ATP molecule consists of adenosine and a chain of three inorganic phosphate groups bound together by high-energy chemical ...
... energy ‘currency’ of all body cells, including muscle cells. It powers all of the cell’s metabolic activities, including in the case of muscle cells, the ability to contract. An ATP molecule consists of adenosine and a chain of three inorganic phosphate groups bound together by high-energy chemical ...
Jon Magnuson, Glenn Fryxell, Linda Lasure, Doug Elliot (PNNL)
... Enzymes are nano-machines of cells, catalyzing thousands of useful chemical reactions. Microscopic reversibility means that outside cells, reactions A --> B and B --> A are feasible. Unlike typical chemical catalysts, enzymatic reactions occur at ambient conditions; i.e. green technology. Enzyme fra ...
... Enzymes are nano-machines of cells, catalyzing thousands of useful chemical reactions. Microscopic reversibility means that outside cells, reactions A --> B and B --> A are feasible. Unlike typical chemical catalysts, enzymatic reactions occur at ambient conditions; i.e. green technology. Enzyme fra ...
Amino Acid Sequences and Evolutionary Relationships - Parkway C-2
... How do similarities in amino acid sequences of various species provide evidence for evolution? An important technique used in determining evolutionary relationships is the biochemical comparison of organisms. Organisms that are not similar in physical appearance may show similarity in amino acid seq ...
... How do similarities in amino acid sequences of various species provide evidence for evolution? An important technique used in determining evolutionary relationships is the biochemical comparison of organisms. Organisms that are not similar in physical appearance may show similarity in amino acid seq ...
PDF - Molecular Pharmacology
... toxic effects of released LPS, its therapeutic applications are very limited because of its relative high toxicity (Vinnicombe and Stamey, 1969; Kunin and Bugg, 1971). Because most of the toxic activity of PMB resides at the N-terminal fatty amino acid 6-methylheptanoic/octanoic-Dab, the removal of ...
... toxic effects of released LPS, its therapeutic applications are very limited because of its relative high toxicity (Vinnicombe and Stamey, 1969; Kunin and Bugg, 1971). Because most of the toxic activity of PMB resides at the N-terminal fatty amino acid 6-methylheptanoic/octanoic-Dab, the removal of ...
Nonruminant Nutrition: Amino Acids (Abstracts M204–M237)
... EAA was calculated and compared with the level of dietary protein, considering this value as AAT. Were considered EAA: lysine, methionine A study was conducted to evaluate the separate response to Lysine (Lys) + cystine, threonine, arginine, valine, tryptophan, isoleucine, leucine, and to Methionine ...
... EAA was calculated and compared with the level of dietary protein, considering this value as AAT. Were considered EAA: lysine, methionine A study was conducted to evaluate the separate response to Lysine (Lys) + cystine, threonine, arginine, valine, tryptophan, isoleucine, leucine, and to Methionine ...
Structure, function and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase
... Role of PC in insulin signalling in pancreatic islets Glucose is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion from βpancreatic cells when extracellular levels are greater than 3 mM. Secretion of insulin in response to a high concentration of glucose results in the rapid uptake of glucose by pancreatic β ...
... Role of PC in insulin signalling in pancreatic islets Glucose is a potent stimulator of insulin secretion from βpancreatic cells when extracellular levels are greater than 3 mM. Secretion of insulin in response to a high concentration of glucose results in the rapid uptake of glucose by pancreatic β ...
Gene expression profiling of mice with genetically modified muscle
... different GLUTs (glucose transporters) to mediate glucose entry into the cell, as well as different forms of hexokinase/glucokinase for the phosphorylation of glucose. There are two genes, GYS1 and GYS2, encoding glycogen synthase in both mouse and human genomes. To date, GYS2 is only known to be ex ...
... different GLUTs (glucose transporters) to mediate glucose entry into the cell, as well as different forms of hexokinase/glucokinase for the phosphorylation of glucose. There are two genes, GYS1 and GYS2, encoding glycogen synthase in both mouse and human genomes. To date, GYS2 is only known to be ex ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.