acetyl-CoA
... pathway of gluconeogenesis is diagrammed in Figure I- 14-5. Lactate is oxidized to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase. The important gluconeogenic amino acid alanine is converted to pyruvate by alanine aminotransferase (ALT or GPT) . Glycerol 3-phosphate is oxidized to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHA ...
... pathway of gluconeogenesis is diagrammed in Figure I- 14-5. Lactate is oxidized to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase. The important gluconeogenic amino acid alanine is converted to pyruvate by alanine aminotransferase (ALT or GPT) . Glycerol 3-phosphate is oxidized to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHA ...
Test 2
... Stimulation of liver by the hormone glucagon results in several metabolic changes that lead to the increase in glucose synthesis and excretion by liver. One of these changes involves inhibition of glycolysis and stimulation of gluconeogenesis (i.e. the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to glucose). ...
... Stimulation of liver by the hormone glucagon results in several metabolic changes that lead to the increase in glucose synthesis and excretion by liver. One of these changes involves inhibition of glycolysis and stimulation of gluconeogenesis (i.e. the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to glucose). ...
Chem 365 Problem set 10 answer key 1. Ketone bodies are formed
... during starvation and insulin deficiency when glucose is in short supply. The muscles and central nervous system must continue to operate even when starving, so more and more ketone bodies are present in the blood which can lead to ketoacidosis over time. Ketoacidosis is fatal if not corrected in ti ...
... during starvation and insulin deficiency when glucose is in short supply. The muscles and central nervous system must continue to operate even when starving, so more and more ketone bodies are present in the blood which can lead to ketoacidosis over time. Ketoacidosis is fatal if not corrected in ti ...
Chapter 1 - Nutrition Gardener
... glycolysis. Here a six-carbon glucose molecule is broken down into two three-carbon molecules that are converted to pyruvate. Anaerobically, pyruvate can be converted to lactate, allowing for a small amount of energy under anaerobic conditions, or the pyruvate can be broken down to acetyl-CoA under ...
... glycolysis. Here a six-carbon glucose molecule is broken down into two three-carbon molecules that are converted to pyruvate. Anaerobically, pyruvate can be converted to lactate, allowing for a small amount of energy under anaerobic conditions, or the pyruvate can be broken down to acetyl-CoA under ...
PM_EES (english)
... Bochum and the Max Planck Institutes in Mülheim present how an improvement in efficiency can be achieved. ...
... Bochum and the Max Planck Institutes in Mülheim present how an improvement in efficiency can be achieved. ...
Exam 2 Study Guide
... c. Cultivated strawberries have eight chromosomes versus two for their native counterparts d. Cultivated strawberries have eight pairs of chromosomes versus four for their native counterparts e. Cultivated strawberries are likely to be sterile ...
... c. Cultivated strawberries have eight chromosomes versus two for their native counterparts d. Cultivated strawberries have eight pairs of chromosomes versus four for their native counterparts e. Cultivated strawberries are likely to be sterile ...
Protein Structure Activity
... Proteins are ubiquitous in organisms. That means they are everywhere! (There’s even a protein called ubiquitin, and it’s in all cells and controls who “lives” and who “dies” among all the proteins in the cell.) All proteins have two things in common: They are all made of chains of building blocks ...
... Proteins are ubiquitous in organisms. That means they are everywhere! (There’s even a protein called ubiquitin, and it’s in all cells and controls who “lives” and who “dies” among all the proteins in the cell.) All proteins have two things in common: They are all made of chains of building blocks ...
L1 Protein composition-amino acids - e
... 20 common amino acids build all proteins in living cells. All of them are α-amino acids. All of them have a carboxyl and an amino group bonded to α-carbon atom. α -amino acids differ from each other by their side chains, or R-groups. R-groups are different in structure, size, and electric ...
... 20 common amino acids build all proteins in living cells. All of them are α-amino acids. All of them have a carboxyl and an amino group bonded to α-carbon atom. α -amino acids differ from each other by their side chains, or R-groups. R-groups are different in structure, size, and electric ...
Key Terms PDF - QuizOver.com
... electron is passed from one molecule to another, oxidizing one and reducing the other oxidation ...
... electron is passed from one molecule to another, oxidizing one and reducing the other oxidation ...
Full_ppt_ch23
... Catabolic reactions are organized as stages • In Stage 1, digestion breaks down large molecules into smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. • In Stage 2, molecules in the cells are broken down to two- and three-carbon compounds ...
... Catabolic reactions are organized as stages • In Stage 1, digestion breaks down large molecules into smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. • In Stage 2, molecules in the cells are broken down to two- and three-carbon compounds ...
Chapter 5 Test Review
... 6. enter the electron transport chain of the thylakoid membrane 7. water is split to replace 2e- that enter the electron transport chain of the thylakoid membrane, the O2 is released and the H+ join with NADP+ 8. PSII – ATP, PSI – NADPH 9. ATP (to Calvin cycle), NADPH (to Calvin Cycle), O2 (released ...
... 6. enter the electron transport chain of the thylakoid membrane 7. water is split to replace 2e- that enter the electron transport chain of the thylakoid membrane, the O2 is released and the H+ join with NADP+ 8. PSII – ATP, PSI – NADPH 9. ATP (to Calvin cycle), NADPH (to Calvin Cycle), O2 (released ...
Chem 150 quiz #6
... 17. What is the total net yield of ATP obtained when 5 glucose molecules are catabolized through glycolysis? (Note: The end product of glycolysis has not entered the TCA cycle yet.) a. 2 ATP b. 28 – 29 ATP c. 30 – 32 ATP d. 18 ATP e. none of the above 18. How many molecules of pyruvate would be obta ...
... 17. What is the total net yield of ATP obtained when 5 glucose molecules are catabolized through glycolysis? (Note: The end product of glycolysis has not entered the TCA cycle yet.) a. 2 ATP b. 28 – 29 ATP c. 30 – 32 ATP d. 18 ATP e. none of the above 18. How many molecules of pyruvate would be obta ...
Document
... Mainly occurs in cytosol Some precursors are produced in mitochondria Takes place in liver and kidney Synthesis of glucose or glycogen from non carbohydrates like pyruvate, lactate glucogenic amino acids, glycerol and propionic acid Pathway involves steps of TCA cycle and reversal of glycolysis ...
... Mainly occurs in cytosol Some precursors are produced in mitochondria Takes place in liver and kidney Synthesis of glucose or glycogen from non carbohydrates like pyruvate, lactate glucogenic amino acids, glycerol and propionic acid Pathway involves steps of TCA cycle and reversal of glycolysis ...
UNIT 15
... • Saturated fatty acids have single bonds tying the carbon atoms together (C-C-C-C-) • Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds (=C=C-C-C=) • The term polyunsaturated fatty acids is applied to those having more than one double bond ...
... • Saturated fatty acids have single bonds tying the carbon atoms together (C-C-C-C-) • Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds (=C=C-C-C=) • The term polyunsaturated fatty acids is applied to those having more than one double bond ...
ATP-PCr System
... The ATP-PCr and glycolytic systems produce small amounts of ATP anaerobically and are the major energy contributors in the early minutes of high-intensity exercise. The oxidative system uses oxygen and produces more energy than the anaerobic systems. Carbohydrate oxidation involves glycolysis, ...
... The ATP-PCr and glycolytic systems produce small amounts of ATP anaerobically and are the major energy contributors in the early minutes of high-intensity exercise. The oxidative system uses oxygen and produces more energy than the anaerobic systems. Carbohydrate oxidation involves glycolysis, ...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
... are oxidized to common metabolite (acetyl CoA) Stage III. Acetyl CoA is oxidized in citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. As result reduced cofactor, NADH2 and FADH2, are formed which give up their electrons. Electrons are transported via the tissue respiration chain and released energy is coupled dir ...
... are oxidized to common metabolite (acetyl CoA) Stage III. Acetyl CoA is oxidized in citric acid cycle to CO2 and water. As result reduced cofactor, NADH2 and FADH2, are formed which give up their electrons. Electrons are transported via the tissue respiration chain and released energy is coupled dir ...
You Light Up My Life
... • Na transfers electron to Cl forming Na+ and Cl• Ions remain together as NaCl ...
... • Na transfers electron to Cl forming Na+ and Cl• Ions remain together as NaCl ...
Multiple Choice
... Lysozyme has a pH centered around pH 5.0. The active site of lysozyme contains a glutamic acid residue (pKa = 5.5) and an aspartic acid residue (pKa = 4.0). Which of the following statements is correct about the mechanism of lysozyme? a. The glutamic acid residue is in a more polar environment than ...
... Lysozyme has a pH centered around pH 5.0. The active site of lysozyme contains a glutamic acid residue (pKa = 5.5) and an aspartic acid residue (pKa = 4.0). Which of the following statements is correct about the mechanism of lysozyme? a. The glutamic acid residue is in a more polar environment than ...
Electron Transport Chain _ETC
... outside of the inner membrane. So, there is high H+ concentration outside the inner membrane. This causes H+ to enter into mitochondria through the channels (Fo); this proton influx causes ATP synthesis by ATP synthase. Energy yield (number of ATP generated) per molecule of glucose when it is comple ...
... outside of the inner membrane. So, there is high H+ concentration outside the inner membrane. This causes H+ to enter into mitochondria through the channels (Fo); this proton influx causes ATP synthesis by ATP synthase. Energy yield (number of ATP generated) per molecule of glucose when it is comple ...
SBI4U Formal Lab Outline
... This transferred is catalyzed by enzymes called ______________________, which: o remove a pair of hydrogen atoms (2 electrons and 2 protons) from ...
... This transferred is catalyzed by enzymes called ______________________, which: o remove a pair of hydrogen atoms (2 electrons and 2 protons) from ...
The pH Scale
... A pH of less than 7 means acidic and the lower the pH means the stronger (or more acidic) the solution is. A pH of more than 7 indicates a base and the higher the pH means the base is stronger (or more basic). In the middle of the scale is pH 7, which is also called neutral because it is neithe ...
... A pH of less than 7 means acidic and the lower the pH means the stronger (or more acidic) the solution is. A pH of more than 7 indicates a base and the higher the pH means the base is stronger (or more basic). In the middle of the scale is pH 7, which is also called neutral because it is neithe ...
Exam II Name
... 15. Which of the following is found only in animal products, and therefore could be a problem for vegans? a. calcium b. iron c. vitamin B-12 d. zinc 16. The building blocks of protein are called: a. glucose b. monosaccharides c. amino acids d. fatty acids 17. Which of the following elements are foun ...
... 15. Which of the following is found only in animal products, and therefore could be a problem for vegans? a. calcium b. iron c. vitamin B-12 d. zinc 16. The building blocks of protein are called: a. glucose b. monosaccharides c. amino acids d. fatty acids 17. Which of the following elements are foun ...
File
... provided. After each molecule is made, the group will come together and follow the instructions and answer the questions regarding carbohydrates. Monosaccharide’s (single molecules of sugar) A single molecule of sugar is called a monosaccharide. The prefix “Mono” means one. However, the one molecule ...
... provided. After each molecule is made, the group will come together and follow the instructions and answer the questions regarding carbohydrates. Monosaccharide’s (single molecules of sugar) A single molecule of sugar is called a monosaccharide. The prefix “Mono” means one. However, the one molecule ...
Unit 5: Hypercholesterolemia Section 1: Cholesterol A lipid that
... A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes & acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids. A long carbon chain with the end carbon double bonded to oxygen & to a hydroxyl (OH) to form a carboxylic acid. Fatty acids vary in length & i ...
... A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes & acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids. A long carbon chain with the end carbon double bonded to oxygen & to a hydroxyl (OH) to form a carboxylic acid. Fatty acids vary in length & i ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.