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Vitamin B6 B12
... Mainly found in animal liver bound to protein as Methylcobalamin or 5’-deoxyadenosylcobalamin ...
... Mainly found in animal liver bound to protein as Methylcobalamin or 5’-deoxyadenosylcobalamin ...
Vitamin C
... • Many of amidated peptides are active as hormones, such as calcitonin, CCK and gastrin. • The enzyme found in pituitary , adrenal, thyroid glands and brain. ...
... • Many of amidated peptides are active as hormones, such as calcitonin, CCK and gastrin. • The enzyme found in pituitary , adrenal, thyroid glands and brain. ...
Molecular cloning of a rhodopsin gene from salamander rods.
... FIGURE 3. Absorbance spectrum, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR), and Southern blot analyses of single rod cells. (A) Isolation of single rods. A single rod cell was isolated using a micropipette, and the absorbance spectrum of the exposed outer segment was measured with a prob ...
... FIGURE 3. Absorbance spectrum, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR), and Southern blot analyses of single rod cells. (A) Isolation of single rods. A single rod cell was isolated using a micropipette, and the absorbance spectrum of the exposed outer segment was measured with a prob ...
Fixation
... Fixation is therefore the first step and the foundation in a sequence of events that culminate in the final examination of ta tissue section. Each fixative has specific properties and disadvantages. Their varied effects to tissues would require careful selection of fixative when specific cellular su ...
... Fixation is therefore the first step and the foundation in a sequence of events that culminate in the final examination of ta tissue section. Each fixative has specific properties and disadvantages. Their varied effects to tissues would require careful selection of fixative when specific cellular su ...
Blueberry Intake Alters Skeletal Muscle and Adipose
... mass were determined relative to body weight on the day of the scan. Serum and plasma measures Blood was obtained by lancet to the saphenous vein in conscious, restrained animals. Glucose was measured with a handheld glucose meter (TRUE, Homediagnostics, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA). Glucose area unde ...
... mass were determined relative to body weight on the day of the scan. Serum and plasma measures Blood was obtained by lancet to the saphenous vein in conscious, restrained animals. Glucose was measured with a handheld glucose meter (TRUE, Homediagnostics, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA). Glucose area unde ...
The Three-dimensional Structure of 4-Hydroxybenzoyl
... Presently, little is known concerning the evolutionary history of these 4-chlorobenzoate degrading enzymes. The exposure of bacteria to such compounds could have first occurred with the introduction of synthetic chlorinated aromatics into the environment and thus, the acquisition of the 4-chlorobenz ...
... Presently, little is known concerning the evolutionary history of these 4-chlorobenzoate degrading enzymes. The exposure of bacteria to such compounds could have first occurred with the introduction of synthetic chlorinated aromatics into the environment and thus, the acquisition of the 4-chlorobenz ...
Influence of free linoleic acid on the fatty acids profile of fermentation
... Tween 80 to the conversion medium, CLA was determined in the dry matter of cells in concentrations of 2.5–2.8 mg.g-1. Results obtained are shown in Table 1A for mixed starter culture ABT-2 and in Table 1B for L. acidophilus La5. These results proved the ability of tested cultures to biosynthesize CL ...
... Tween 80 to the conversion medium, CLA was determined in the dry matter of cells in concentrations of 2.5–2.8 mg.g-1. Results obtained are shown in Table 1A for mixed starter culture ABT-2 and in Table 1B for L. acidophilus La5. These results proved the ability of tested cultures to biosynthesize CL ...
Test Bank for Principles of Biochemistry
... 61) The mitochondria and Golgi apparatus are two organelles which originated from bacteria and were incorporated into eukaryotic cells via symbiosis. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Section 1-8 62) In an animal cell, DNA can be found only in the nucleus. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Section 1-8 63) Actin has bee ...
... 61) The mitochondria and Golgi apparatus are two organelles which originated from bacteria and were incorporated into eukaryotic cells via symbiosis. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Section 1-8 62) In an animal cell, DNA can be found only in the nucleus. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: Section 1-8 63) Actin has bee ...
Malic acid production by Aspergillus oryzae
... Citric acid is a well-known organic acid that is extensively used in the food and beverage industry as it combines a pleasant taste with low toxicity and palatability. It serves several functions in the food formulation, like sterilization, flavor fixation and enhancement, bacterial stabilization, a ...
... Citric acid is a well-known organic acid that is extensively used in the food and beverage industry as it combines a pleasant taste with low toxicity and palatability. It serves several functions in the food formulation, like sterilization, flavor fixation and enhancement, bacterial stabilization, a ...
Seaweeds as a Source of Bioethanol
... fermentable sugars (saccharification). Typically, hydrolysis is performed by mixing the starch with water to form slurry which is then stirred and heated to rupture the cell walls. Specific enzymes that will break the chemical bonds are added at various times during the heating cycle (Badger, 2002). ...
... fermentable sugars (saccharification). Typically, hydrolysis is performed by mixing the starch with water to form slurry which is then stirred and heated to rupture the cell walls. Specific enzymes that will break the chemical bonds are added at various times during the heating cycle (Badger, 2002). ...
The Endogenous Citric Acid-Cycle Intermediates and Amino Acids
... Fumarate was found only in mitochondria from rat and pigeon liver (1-4 and 0-5 ,moles/g.). Mitochondria from pigeon liver, rat brain and crab muscle contained ac-oxoglutarate (1-2, 0-4 and 0-4 ,moles/g.); crab-muscle mitochondria also contained succinate (0-4 umole/g.). Amino acids. All mitochondria ...
... Fumarate was found only in mitochondria from rat and pigeon liver (1-4 and 0-5 ,moles/g.). Mitochondria from pigeon liver, rat brain and crab muscle contained ac-oxoglutarate (1-2, 0-4 and 0-4 ,moles/g.); crab-muscle mitochondria also contained succinate (0-4 umole/g.). Amino acids. All mitochondria ...
Building and Animating Amino Acids and DNA Nucleotides in 1
... We explain how to export using the amino acid Arginine created in Section 4.2 above. We assume you have the 3ds max file open and have created the Arginine amino acid as shown in Figure 4-2.2. Make sure your active viewport is Perspective and not any other viewport (e.g. front), otherwise your amino ...
... We explain how to export using the amino acid Arginine created in Section 4.2 above. We assume you have the 3ds max file open and have created the Arginine amino acid as shown in Figure 4-2.2. Make sure your active viewport is Perspective and not any other viewport (e.g. front), otherwise your amino ...
The Organellar Genome and Metabolic Potential
... IV, and V. Thus, our data show that the hydrogenosomes of N. ovalis are highly specialized hydrogen-producing mitochondria. Key words: hydrogenosome, mitochondrion, horizontal gene transfer, evolution, adaptation, Nyctotherus. ...
... IV, and V. Thus, our data show that the hydrogenosomes of N. ovalis are highly specialized hydrogen-producing mitochondria. Key words: hydrogenosome, mitochondrion, horizontal gene transfer, evolution, adaptation, Nyctotherus. ...
Computational Studies of Multi-Active Site Enzymes
... GlmS: MD and QM/MM studies were performed to examine the (i) protonation state of the mechanistically important amine of its N-terminal cysteinyl (Cys1) and its effect on its glutaminase domain and, (ii) mechanism by which it deaminates its glutamine substrate. Proton affinity studies suggest that a ...
... GlmS: MD and QM/MM studies were performed to examine the (i) protonation state of the mechanistically important amine of its N-terminal cysteinyl (Cys1) and its effect on its glutaminase domain and, (ii) mechanism by which it deaminates its glutamine substrate. Proton affinity studies suggest that a ...
Minimalist Active-Site Redesign: Teaching Old Enzymes New Tricks
... structural and functional information available for subtilisin[15] has made this enzyme a particularly productive framework for rational active-site engineering. In a sense, the history of active-site engineering starts with subtilisin itself. During the 1960s, the research groups of Bender[16] and ...
... structural and functional information available for subtilisin[15] has made this enzyme a particularly productive framework for rational active-site engineering. In a sense, the history of active-site engineering starts with subtilisin itself. During the 1960s, the research groups of Bender[16] and ...
Figure 7. N-terminus sequence of the predicted
... vulgaris seeds [3]. An increased proportion of proteins involved in the general metabolism including the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis as well as DNA and RNA metabolisms characterizes the first stage. The active synthesis of storage macromolecules occurs during the second stage while in th ...
... vulgaris seeds [3]. An increased proportion of proteins involved in the general metabolism including the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis as well as DNA and RNA metabolisms characterizes the first stage. The active synthesis of storage macromolecules occurs during the second stage while in th ...
Molecular Recognition of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins by
... Molecular recognition is the process by which one molecule associates with another molecule via specific noncovalent interactions. The specificity of these interactions allows molecules to assemble in manner that is predetermined by their structural attributes, including size, shape, and polarity. I ...
... Molecular recognition is the process by which one molecule associates with another molecule via specific noncovalent interactions. The specificity of these interactions allows molecules to assemble in manner that is predetermined by their structural attributes, including size, shape, and polarity. I ...
Specialised training
... D. Competitive phase – refinement of skills/ maintenance of fitness levels/quality rather than quantity/relevant examples of training modifications E. Tapering/peaking – preparation for specific competition/mainly skill focus F. Transition phase – active rest/out of season recovery period ...
... D. Competitive phase – refinement of skills/ maintenance of fitness levels/quality rather than quantity/relevant examples of training modifications E. Tapering/peaking – preparation for specific competition/mainly skill focus F. Transition phase – active rest/out of season recovery period ...
BILE ACIDS - Liquid Chromatography
... of buffers and ultra pure organic solvents are required. Taking this into consideration, all methods based on RP-HPLC with UV detection allow qualitative and quantitative separation of all conjugated bile acids with biological relevance by gradient elution. The detection limits are in the range from ...
... of buffers and ultra pure organic solvents are required. Taking this into consideration, all methods based on RP-HPLC with UV detection allow qualitative and quantitative separation of all conjugated bile acids with biological relevance by gradient elution. The detection limits are in the range from ...
INTERACTION STUDY OF CURCULIGOSIDE A AND ITS AGLYCONE AS CYCLOOXYGENASE
... Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants [1]. Inflammation is a basic way in which the body reacts to infection, irritation or other injury. The key features are redness, warmth, swelling and pain. ...
... Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants [1]. Inflammation is a basic way in which the body reacts to infection, irritation or other injury. The key features are redness, warmth, swelling and pain. ...
Metabolism
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ATP-3D-vdW.png?width=300)
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.