ncibi-rcmi-2010-workshop
... tolerance tests (for those without a diagnosis of diabetes), Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, free fatty acid, insulin (at 0 and 30 and 120 minutes of oGTT), leptin, adiponectin, C-Reactive Protein. Peripheral Blood Metabolomic Assessment (including lipomics). The pattern of metabolite le ...
... tolerance tests (for those without a diagnosis of diabetes), Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, free fatty acid, insulin (at 0 and 30 and 120 minutes of oGTT), leptin, adiponectin, C-Reactive Protein. Peripheral Blood Metabolomic Assessment (including lipomics). The pattern of metabolite le ...
respiration - sandsbiochem
... ATP synthase: enzyme that makes ATP Use E from proton (H+) gradient – flow of H+ back across membrane ...
... ATP synthase: enzyme that makes ATP Use E from proton (H+) gradient – flow of H+ back across membrane ...
exam2review_s09.cwk (WP)
... A. Catabolism = Harvesting energy released when a high energy food molecule is BROKEN DOWN (oxidized, degraded). Glycolysis and the TCA cycle are basically catabolic pathways. However, because many of the intermediates formed in these pathways can serve as precursor metabolites, this gives these pat ...
... A. Catabolism = Harvesting energy released when a high energy food molecule is BROKEN DOWN (oxidized, degraded). Glycolysis and the TCA cycle are basically catabolic pathways. However, because many of the intermediates formed in these pathways can serve as precursor metabolites, this gives these pat ...
Where is energy stored in biomolecules like sugars, carbs, lipids, etc.
... two CO2 molecules from the prep step are evidence that the initial six carbon sugar molecule is completely broken down ...
... two CO2 molecules from the prep step are evidence that the initial six carbon sugar molecule is completely broken down ...
IV. Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
... In the 1980’s, ICI (UK) developed a high-density fermentation and downstream process for the production and recovery of Biopol (the trade name used for the range of polymers manufactured by ICI). The process ...
... In the 1980’s, ICI (UK) developed a high-density fermentation and downstream process for the production and recovery of Biopol (the trade name used for the range of polymers manufactured by ICI). The process ...
Chapter 6-Photosynthesis
... would not be made by ATP synthase. Also, there would be fewer protons in the stroma to combine with NADP and make NADPH. (2) Increasing the carbon dioxide concentration makes more of it available to enter the Calvin Cycle, thus accelerating photosynthesis. As the carbon dioxide levels rise still hig ...
... would not be made by ATP synthase. Also, there would be fewer protons in the stroma to combine with NADP and make NADPH. (2) Increasing the carbon dioxide concentration makes more of it available to enter the Calvin Cycle, thus accelerating photosynthesis. As the carbon dioxide levels rise still hig ...
Quantum Well Electron Gain Structures and Infrared Detector Arrays
... • “Chlorophyll” is the main light absorber, and is what gives plants their typical green color • Chlorophyll exists inside plant cells in structures called “chloroplasts” ...
... • “Chlorophyll” is the main light absorber, and is what gives plants their typical green color • Chlorophyll exists inside plant cells in structures called “chloroplasts” ...
Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradation
... intracellular energy transfer. In this role, ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is produced as an energy source during the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration and consumed by many enzymes and a multitude of cellular processes including biosynthetic reacti ...
... intracellular energy transfer. In this role, ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is produced as an energy source during the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration and consumed by many enzymes and a multitude of cellular processes including biosynthetic reacti ...
Amino Acids Objectives
... from the breaking down of muscle (protein catabolism) are oxidized and nitrogen is used for urea. Enzymes of urea cycle are induced. Short term regulation – Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I is allosterically activated 5-10 fold by N-acetylglutamate. Synthesis of N-acetylglutamate depends on the avai ...
... from the breaking down of muscle (protein catabolism) are oxidized and nitrogen is used for urea. Enzymes of urea cycle are induced. Short term regulation – Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I is allosterically activated 5-10 fold by N-acetylglutamate. Synthesis of N-acetylglutamate depends on the avai ...
Aerobic Metabolism ii: electron transport chain
... The cells of all eukaryotes (all animals, plants, fungi, algae – in other words, all living things except bacteria and archaea) contain intracellular organelles called mitochondria that produce ATP. Energy sources such as glucose are initially metabolized in the cytoplasm. The products are imported ...
... The cells of all eukaryotes (all animals, plants, fungi, algae – in other words, all living things except bacteria and archaea) contain intracellular organelles called mitochondria that produce ATP. Energy sources such as glucose are initially metabolized in the cytoplasm. The products are imported ...
Carbon
... producing more substrate than is consumed – Works as long as the produced triose phosphate is NOT diverted elsewhere (as in times of stress or disease) ...
... producing more substrate than is consumed – Works as long as the produced triose phosphate is NOT diverted elsewhere (as in times of stress or disease) ...
Cyclic and noncyclic electron flow in green sulfur bacteria
... This is a complex and extensive database. Complete genomes sequences (DNA sequence) are automatically translated into genes. These are in turn compared to all known genes and a function, if possible is assigned to each gene. These results are used to predict the metabolism of the organism in questio ...
... This is a complex and extensive database. Complete genomes sequences (DNA sequence) are automatically translated into genes. These are in turn compared to all known genes and a function, if possible is assigned to each gene. These results are used to predict the metabolism of the organism in questio ...
fatty acids
... acids, but have ringlike structures similar to sugars Consist mainly of hydrocarbons and are therefore hydrophobic Testosterone: release into the blood stream from testis, development of male sexual characteristics, lipid soluble so as to regulate gene expression (across the plasma membranes of ce ...
... acids, but have ringlike structures similar to sugars Consist mainly of hydrocarbons and are therefore hydrophobic Testosterone: release into the blood stream from testis, development of male sexual characteristics, lipid soluble so as to regulate gene expression (across the plasma membranes of ce ...
Mitochondria: Energy Conversion
... membrane; the link between electron transport and ATP formation - Exergonic transfer of electrons between and within respiratory complexes; unidirectional pumping of protons across the membrane where the transport system is localized ...
... membrane; the link between electron transport and ATP formation - Exergonic transfer of electrons between and within respiratory complexes; unidirectional pumping of protons across the membrane where the transport system is localized ...
LAB 2 LECTURE The Molecular Basis for Species Diversity DNA
... 2. In words, DNA is the material that contains the hereditary information. a. It is capable of reproducing itself – DNA replication b. It can supervise the manufacture of RNA – transcription. c. The reading of the code in the RNA and making the protein is called – translation. II. The molecules that ...
... 2. In words, DNA is the material that contains the hereditary information. a. It is capable of reproducing itself – DNA replication b. It can supervise the manufacture of RNA – transcription. c. The reading of the code in the RNA and making the protein is called – translation. II. The molecules that ...
ch 3 power point for fill in notes
... Use 2 ATP molecules to start, these are “paid back” from production of ATP Products: Fructose diphosphate which splits into 2 phospoglyceraldehyde molecules that oxidizes into 2 phosphoglyceric acids which converts to 2 pyruvic acids molecules The metabolic breakdown of glucose and other sugars that ...
... Use 2 ATP molecules to start, these are “paid back” from production of ATP Products: Fructose diphosphate which splits into 2 phospoglyceraldehyde molecules that oxidizes into 2 phosphoglyceric acids which converts to 2 pyruvic acids molecules The metabolic breakdown of glucose and other sugars that ...
triose phosphate
... series of stages , these can produce a up to 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose • The steps involved in respiration rely on a series of redox reactions • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36 ATP ...
... series of stages , these can produce a up to 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose • The steps involved in respiration rely on a series of redox reactions • C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + 36 ATP ...
Detoxification of ammonia and biosynthesis of urea
... The Linkage between Urea Cycle, Citric Acid Cycle and Transamination of Oxaloacetate Fumarate formed in urea cycle enters citric acid cycle and is converted to oxaloacetate. Fates of oxaloacetate: (1) transamination to aspartate, (2) conversion into glucose, (3) condensation with acetyl CoA to for ...
... The Linkage between Urea Cycle, Citric Acid Cycle and Transamination of Oxaloacetate Fumarate formed in urea cycle enters citric acid cycle and is converted to oxaloacetate. Fates of oxaloacetate: (1) transamination to aspartate, (2) conversion into glucose, (3) condensation with acetyl CoA to for ...
Unit 2 Review 161
... substrate has lost electrons and is therefore oxidized. 3. At the end of cellular respiration, glucose has been oxidized to carbon dioxide and water and ATP molecules have been produced. 2. In metabolic pathways, most oxidations involve the coenzyme NAD+ the molecule accepts two electrons but only o ...
... substrate has lost electrons and is therefore oxidized. 3. At the end of cellular respiration, glucose has been oxidized to carbon dioxide and water and ATP molecules have been produced. 2. In metabolic pathways, most oxidations involve the coenzyme NAD+ the molecule accepts two electrons but only o ...
Fatty acid catabolism leture2-3
... This condition is called “acidosis” which can lead to com or death. High concentration of ketone bodies in blood and urine is referred as “ketosis”. Due to high concentration of acetoacetate, which is converted to acetone, the breath and urine of theuntreated diabetic ...
... This condition is called “acidosis” which can lead to com or death. High concentration of ketone bodies in blood and urine is referred as “ketosis”. Due to high concentration of acetoacetate, which is converted to acetone, the breath and urine of theuntreated diabetic ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.