summary slides
... Additional tests 1. Differential staining 2. Biochemical tests- determine presence of enzymes - Numerical identification 4. Genetic homology (similarity of DNA) - Base composition - DNA and RNA sequencing (16s rRNA gene) - DNA hybridization 5. Protein and amino acid homology (similarity of proteins) ...
... Additional tests 1. Differential staining 2. Biochemical tests- determine presence of enzymes - Numerical identification 4. Genetic homology (similarity of DNA) - Base composition - DNA and RNA sequencing (16s rRNA gene) - DNA hybridization 5. Protein and amino acid homology (similarity of proteins) ...
Accelerated Analysis of Amino Acids in Physiological
... (35ml/h) and pressure. Calibration was performed using Amino Acid Standards Acidic/Neutral and Basics (Sigma Aldrich) spiked with Saccharopine, Alloisoleucine and ASA (Sigma Aldrich) at a concentration of 250µM. 20µL of this calibration solution were injected. The separation of all amino acids was a ...
... (35ml/h) and pressure. Calibration was performed using Amino Acid Standards Acidic/Neutral and Basics (Sigma Aldrich) spiked with Saccharopine, Alloisoleucine and ASA (Sigma Aldrich) at a concentration of 250µM. 20µL of this calibration solution were injected. The separation of all amino acids was a ...
Enzymes
... enzymes responsible for the generation of that product to increase the activity of one or more of these enzymes. Childbirth: The hormone oxytocin stimulates and enhances labor contractions. As the baby moves toward the birth canal, pressure receptors within the cervix send messages to the brain to p ...
... enzymes responsible for the generation of that product to increase the activity of one or more of these enzymes. Childbirth: The hormone oxytocin stimulates and enhances labor contractions. As the baby moves toward the birth canal, pressure receptors within the cervix send messages to the brain to p ...
Cellular Respiration
... In the absence of oxygen, a cell will use fermentation to produce ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. Lactic Acid Fermentation converts glucose into lactic acid. This type of fermentation occurs in human muscle cells during strenuous exercise when breathing cannot supply the cells with enough ox ...
... In the absence of oxygen, a cell will use fermentation to produce ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. Lactic Acid Fermentation converts glucose into lactic acid. This type of fermentation occurs in human muscle cells during strenuous exercise when breathing cannot supply the cells with enough ox ...
Chapter 19 – Lipids
... For all intents and purposes, this material is no more water-soluble than any alkane. Lanolin is another wax. In plants, waxes cover the outside of fruits, vegetables, and leaves to prevent excessive loss of water and to protect against attack by parasites. In animals, waxes can make feathers water ...
... For all intents and purposes, this material is no more water-soluble than any alkane. Lanolin is another wax. In plants, waxes cover the outside of fruits, vegetables, and leaves to prevent excessive loss of water and to protect against attack by parasites. In animals, waxes can make feathers water ...
CH 2. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... of ATP along with carbon dioxide and water as by-products. Since the activation energy needed for the combustion of glucose is quite high, each step in cellular respiration is catalyzed by specific enzymes that lower the activation energies and allow the reactions to occur at a pace fast enough to m ...
... of ATP along with carbon dioxide and water as by-products. Since the activation energy needed for the combustion of glucose is quite high, each step in cellular respiration is catalyzed by specific enzymes that lower the activation energies and allow the reactions to occur at a pace fast enough to m ...
Further Details of Mechanism
... prochiral substrates to enzymes • Chemically identical groups a1 and a2 of a prochiral molecule can be distinguished by the enzyme ...
... prochiral substrates to enzymes • Chemically identical groups a1 and a2 of a prochiral molecule can be distinguished by the enzyme ...
Lecture#7 Microbial Biotechnology
... • Production of insulin More discoveries • 1955: Frederick Sanger (Cambridge) determines full amino acid structure of insulin (primary structure) • 1958: Frederick Sanger wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1980: determination of base sequences in nucleic acids shared with Walter Gilbert) • 1969: Doroth ...
... • Production of insulin More discoveries • 1955: Frederick Sanger (Cambridge) determines full amino acid structure of insulin (primary structure) • 1958: Frederick Sanger wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1980: determination of base sequences in nucleic acids shared with Walter Gilbert) • 1969: Doroth ...
Metabolism
... Oxidation of Carbohydrate 1. Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). 2. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and forms 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. 3. Hydrogen in the cell combines with two coenzymes that carry it to the electron transport chain. 4. Electro ...
... Oxidation of Carbohydrate 1. Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). 2. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and forms 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. 3. Hydrogen in the cell combines with two coenzymes that carry it to the electron transport chain. 4. Electro ...
Learning Objectives
... Oxidation of Carbohydrate 1. Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). 2. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and forms 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. 3. Hydrogen in the cell combines with two coenzymes that carry it to the electron transport chain. 4. Electro ...
... Oxidation of Carbohydrate 1. Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). 2. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and forms 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. 3. Hydrogen in the cell combines with two coenzymes that carry it to the electron transport chain. 4. Electro ...
Lipids and Carbohydrates
... Lipid macromolecules are made of glycerol and fatty acids. Lipids are a class of macromolecules that includes fats, phospholipids, and steroids. Lipids are central to several major biological functions, including energy storage, cell membrane structure, and hormone messaging. As in other macromolecu ...
... Lipid macromolecules are made of glycerol and fatty acids. Lipids are a class of macromolecules that includes fats, phospholipids, and steroids. Lipids are central to several major biological functions, including energy storage, cell membrane structure, and hormone messaging. As in other macromolecu ...
Chapter 1
... Proteins, DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid), are all linear polymers and (arguably) the most important biological molecules. Linear polymers in general are made of monomers chemically linked in a one-dimensional sequence. They may adopt a well-defined three-dimensional structure ...
... Proteins, DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid), are all linear polymers and (arguably) the most important biological molecules. Linear polymers in general are made of monomers chemically linked in a one-dimensional sequence. They may adopt a well-defined three-dimensional structure ...
Xe + Y → X + Ye - Sonoma Valley High School
... 10. Three types of phosphorylation (adding a phosphate) are covered in the text, and two of these occur in cellular respiration. Explain how the electron transport chain is utilized in oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... 10. Three types of phosphorylation (adding a phosphate) are covered in the text, and two of these occur in cellular respiration. Explain how the electron transport chain is utilized in oxidative phosphorylation. ...
SBI 4U Unit 1 Questions
... 1. All metabolic processes involve chemical changes and energy conversions 2. An understanding of metabolic processes enables people to make informed choices with respect to a range of personal, societal and environmental issues ...
... 1. All metabolic processes involve chemical changes and energy conversions 2. An understanding of metabolic processes enables people to make informed choices with respect to a range of personal, societal and environmental issues ...
Section 2-3 - Xavier High School
... Macromolecule – giant molecules made up of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules Polymerization – large compounds are build by joining smaller ones together; the process in which monomers are joined to form larger units called polymers Monomer – each subunit that acts as a bui ...
... Macromolecule – giant molecules made up of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules Polymerization – large compounds are build by joining smaller ones together; the process in which monomers are joined to form larger units called polymers Monomer – each subunit that acts as a bui ...
Chapter 14 Answers to Even Numbered Study Questions
... are most likely the result of common descent, rather than convergence. Thus we can infer that most of the basic protein synthesizing machinery, the use of DNA for information storage and RNA for gene expression, the specifics of the genetic code, the use of ATP, NADH, and other cofactors in their mo ...
... are most likely the result of common descent, rather than convergence. Thus we can infer that most of the basic protein synthesizing machinery, the use of DNA for information storage and RNA for gene expression, the specifics of the genetic code, the use of ATP, NADH, and other cofactors in their mo ...
Finals Practice Exam
... energy of reactions. Answer the question(s) that accompany each catalytic strategy. I). Acid-Base Catalysis- Which enzyme of glycolysis uses a strict acid-base catalytic mechanism? What candidate amino acids would you expect this enzyme to use for this acid-base catalysis? II). Covalent Catalysis- N ...
... energy of reactions. Answer the question(s) that accompany each catalytic strategy. I). Acid-Base Catalysis- Which enzyme of glycolysis uses a strict acid-base catalytic mechanism? What candidate amino acids would you expect this enzyme to use for this acid-base catalysis? II). Covalent Catalysis- N ...
File
... The objective of the biological treatment of wastewater is to remove organic matter from the wastewater which is present in soluble and colloidal form or to remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous from the wastewater. The microorganisms (principally bacteria) are used to convert the colloi ...
... The objective of the biological treatment of wastewater is to remove organic matter from the wastewater which is present in soluble and colloidal form or to remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous from the wastewater. The microorganisms (principally bacteria) are used to convert the colloi ...
The Dna code - Winston Knoll Collegiate
... The DNA code is: - universal to all living things -the groups of nucleotides code for the same amino acid in all living things 3 DNA nucleotides = Triplet - one triplet = one amino acid ...
... The DNA code is: - universal to all living things -the groups of nucleotides code for the same amino acid in all living things 3 DNA nucleotides = Triplet - one triplet = one amino acid ...
Fatigue and the Recovery Process
... recovered by 3 minutes The oxygen debt needed for this is between 2-3.5l of O2 the fitter you are the greater the debt (more oxygen) because you will have more stores to replenish but it will also be quicker ...
... recovered by 3 minutes The oxygen debt needed for this is between 2-3.5l of O2 the fitter you are the greater the debt (more oxygen) because you will have more stores to replenish but it will also be quicker ...
amino acids - CRCBiologyY11
... contain sulphur and may form complexes with other molecules. Proteins are made of small units called amino acids. These link together by peptide bonds to form chains of polypeptides. Musical Proteins ...
... contain sulphur and may form complexes with other molecules. Proteins are made of small units called amino acids. These link together by peptide bonds to form chains of polypeptides. Musical Proteins ...
Chapter 3 - Los Angeles City College
... The Cytoskeleton Complex network of thread-like and tube-like structures. Functions: Movement, structure, and structural support. Three Cytoskeleton Components: ...
... The Cytoskeleton Complex network of thread-like and tube-like structures. Functions: Movement, structure, and structural support. Three Cytoskeleton Components: ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.