Ch. 5 - Macromolecules
... – Another level in the hierarchy of biological organization is reached when small organic molecules are joined together – Atom ---> molecule --- compound ...
... – Another level in the hierarchy of biological organization is reached when small organic molecules are joined together – Atom ---> molecule --- compound ...
Energy Metabolism - Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
... them as fats. The difference between these makes most vegetable oils better for human health than animal fat. The former are less saturated (meaning that have more double carbon bounds) and do not contain cholesterol. In marine animals and in insect cuticles, fatty acids can be stored as wax esters. ...
... them as fats. The difference between these makes most vegetable oils better for human health than animal fat. The former are less saturated (meaning that have more double carbon bounds) and do not contain cholesterol. In marine animals and in insect cuticles, fatty acids can be stored as wax esters. ...
Biochem 2 Recitation #2 Spr 20152102105.pptx
... Biochem 2 Recitation #2 Glycolysis & Gluconeogenesis ...
... Biochem 2 Recitation #2 Glycolysis & Gluconeogenesis ...
Chapt 5 - Workforce Solutions
... “This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the President’s Community-Based Job Training Grants as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of ...
... “This workforce solution was funded by a grant awarded under the President’s Community-Based Job Training Grants as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. The solution was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of ...
Biotechnology and the manufacturing industry
... Ca2+ ion contributes to the heat resistance properties of some bacteria endospores. The Zn2+ ion is usually present at the active site of some enzymes. The N is required for the synthesis of amino acids and NH3. Apart from these elements, microorganisms also required other source(s) for growth, in o ...
... Ca2+ ion contributes to the heat resistance properties of some bacteria endospores. The Zn2+ ion is usually present at the active site of some enzymes. The N is required for the synthesis of amino acids and NH3. Apart from these elements, microorganisms also required other source(s) for growth, in o ...
Document
... a. Proline is converted to the citric acid cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate. The reactions in the remaining part of the citric acid cycle from α-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate produce two NADH, one GTP, and one FADH2. The two NADH provide five ATP, one GTP provides one ATP, and one FADH2 provides 1 ...
... a. Proline is converted to the citric acid cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate. The reactions in the remaining part of the citric acid cycle from α-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate produce two NADH, one GTP, and one FADH2. The two NADH provide five ATP, one GTP provides one ATP, and one FADH2 provides 1 ...
Proteins = polymers of 20 amino acids, connected by peptide bonds
... Protein Structure & Function by Petsko & Ringe, unless otherwise noted. ...
... Protein Structure & Function by Petsko & Ringe, unless otherwise noted. ...
Enzymes - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... A site on enzyme where substrate attaches. (exact fit like a lock and key) ...
... A site on enzyme where substrate attaches. (exact fit like a lock and key) ...
RNA and Protein Synthesis Quiz
... 19) The actual site of protein synthesis is the A. nucleus. B. mitochondrion. C. chloroplast. D. ribosome. 20) If the DNA template reads “ATA”, then which of the following would be the corresponding sequence on the mRNA? A. UAU B. ATA C. TUT D. UCU 21) The genetic code is based upon the reading of ...
... 19) The actual site of protein synthesis is the A. nucleus. B. mitochondrion. C. chloroplast. D. ribosome. 20) If the DNA template reads “ATA”, then which of the following would be the corresponding sequence on the mRNA? A. UAU B. ATA C. TUT D. UCU 21) The genetic code is based upon the reading of ...
Answers honors mid-year review
... Vacuole: storage of waste, water and molecules; made by plasma membrane; fluidfilled membrane-bound sacs; one, large central in plant cells; many small in animal cells Chloroplast: site of photosynthesis; only present in autotrophs/producers such as plants, algae/seaweed, and photosynthetic bacteria ...
... Vacuole: storage of waste, water and molecules; made by plasma membrane; fluidfilled membrane-bound sacs; one, large central in plant cells; many small in animal cells Chloroplast: site of photosynthesis; only present in autotrophs/producers such as plants, algae/seaweed, and photosynthetic bacteria ...
Non-natural amino acid
... – isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS) may load val onto tRNAile – there is an editing mechanism ...
... – isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS) may load val onto tRNAile – there is an editing mechanism ...
File
... that is also the start code. So every protein starts with methionine when it is translated » Now, the ribosome moves over one codon a new tRNA will attach to the A site. » Note that the first amino acid left the tRNA and attached to the next one ...
... that is also the start code. So every protein starts with methionine when it is translated » Now, the ribosome moves over one codon a new tRNA will attach to the A site. » Note that the first amino acid left the tRNA and attached to the next one ...
breakdown of complex organic molecules into the simplest, stable
... --- breakdown of complex organic molecules into the simplest, stable components Starch glucose pyruvate CO2 biosynthesis ...
... --- breakdown of complex organic molecules into the simplest, stable components Starch glucose pyruvate CO2 biosynthesis ...
Acids
... accumulation continued) The accumulation of lactate can also be prevented by ensuring a rapid & continuous supply of oxygen reaches the muscle cells after anaerobic glycolysis has taken place. The oxygen breaks down the lactate to pyruvate, which can be used to fuel a separate energy cycle. A cool-d ...
... accumulation continued) The accumulation of lactate can also be prevented by ensuring a rapid & continuous supply of oxygen reaches the muscle cells after anaerobic glycolysis has taken place. The oxygen breaks down the lactate to pyruvate, which can be used to fuel a separate energy cycle. A cool-d ...
U2-D3-03 – PO and Kreb
... The two molecules of acetyl-CoA enter the Krebs cycle where additional free energy transfers occur. The two molecules of NADH proceed to stage 4 (electron transport and chemiosmosis) to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The two CO 2 molecules produced during pyruvate oxidation diffuse out of ...
... The two molecules of acetyl-CoA enter the Krebs cycle where additional free energy transfers occur. The two molecules of NADH proceed to stage 4 (electron transport and chemiosmosis) to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The two CO 2 molecules produced during pyruvate oxidation diffuse out of ...
Chapter 11: Enzyme Catalysis
... E) the sulfur atoms in the ring can either gain or lose a proton at physiological pH. 13. Chymotrypsin, a serine protease, preferentially cleaves a peptide bond adjoining a bulky non-polar side chain. This is because chymotrypsin's specificity pocket: A) contains a sulfhydryl group that forms a disu ...
... E) the sulfur atoms in the ring can either gain or lose a proton at physiological pH. 13. Chymotrypsin, a serine protease, preferentially cleaves a peptide bond adjoining a bulky non-polar side chain. This is because chymotrypsin's specificity pocket: A) contains a sulfhydryl group that forms a disu ...
Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is
... (C) carbon dioxide only (D) water only (E) carbon dioxide and water 56.The concentration of bacteria is greater around an algal filament exposed to red light than around the same filament exposed to green light because (A) green light affects enzyme action in bacteria (B) photosynthesis proceeds mor ...
... (C) carbon dioxide only (D) water only (E) carbon dioxide and water 56.The concentration of bacteria is greater around an algal filament exposed to red light than around the same filament exposed to green light because (A) green light affects enzyme action in bacteria (B) photosynthesis proceeds mor ...
Cell Biology
... 10. Which of the following cell checkpoints is associated correctly with its regulatory mechanism? A. G1 checkpoint(restriction point)- prophase spindle B. Anaphase checkpoint- preprophase spindle C. Telophase checkpoint- complete replication of chromosomes D. G2 checkpoint- maturation promoting fa ...
... 10. Which of the following cell checkpoints is associated correctly with its regulatory mechanism? A. G1 checkpoint(restriction point)- prophase spindle B. Anaphase checkpoint- preprophase spindle C. Telophase checkpoint- complete replication of chromosomes D. G2 checkpoint- maturation promoting fa ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... – Run through beta oxidation SEVEN times • 7 QH2 = 10.5 ATP • 7NADH = 17.5 ATP ...
... – Run through beta oxidation SEVEN times • 7 QH2 = 10.5 ATP • 7NADH = 17.5 ATP ...
CurriculumGuide-Energetics-wHonorsExtensions 6-20
... Students will describe chloroplasts as cell organelles responsible for capturing and converting light energy to chemical energy. Key terms include: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Chlorophyll Anabolic reaction Electron transport ATP Synthase Glucose Autotroph Heterotroph Carbon dioxide Light Dependent ...
... Students will describe chloroplasts as cell organelles responsible for capturing and converting light energy to chemical energy. Key terms include: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Chlorophyll Anabolic reaction Electron transport ATP Synthase Glucose Autotroph Heterotroph Carbon dioxide Light Dependent ...
NME2.28: fat and carbohydrate metabolism in the
... o Insulin – stimulates the phosphatases promoting glycogen synthesis o Glucagon – stimulates the kinases promoting glycogen degradation Non-hormonal control of glycogen synthesis and degradation is through: o Glucose-6P stimulates SP and glucose stimulates PP promoting glycogen synthesis o Adrenalin ...
... o Insulin – stimulates the phosphatases promoting glycogen synthesis o Glucagon – stimulates the kinases promoting glycogen degradation Non-hormonal control of glycogen synthesis and degradation is through: o Glucose-6P stimulates SP and glucose stimulates PP promoting glycogen synthesis o Adrenalin ...
Lecture 4: bioenergetics and metabolism (mitochondria and
... Since the central nervous system (including the brain and optic nerve) is most highly dependent on oxidative metabolism, blindness is the main manifestation. The low incidence of disease among carriers of LHON mutations is because each cell contains thousands of copies of mitochondrial DNA, which ca ...
... Since the central nervous system (including the brain and optic nerve) is most highly dependent on oxidative metabolism, blindness is the main manifestation. The low incidence of disease among carriers of LHON mutations is because each cell contains thousands of copies of mitochondrial DNA, which ca ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.