Homology
... paralogs and their distribution in genomes provides clues on the way genomes evolved. Gen and genome duplication have emerged as the most important pathway to molecular innovation, including the evolution of developmental pathways. Xenologs: gene was obtained by organism through horizontal transfer. ...
... paralogs and their distribution in genomes provides clues on the way genomes evolved. Gen and genome duplication have emerged as the most important pathway to molecular innovation, including the evolution of developmental pathways. Xenologs: gene was obtained by organism through horizontal transfer. ...
03-1 - Pierce College
... 49. Regarding the Na+-K+ pump mechanism, which is not true? a. Three Na+ bind inside cell and are moved out of cell. b. Two K+ bind outside of cell and are move into cell. c. Na+ binding causes phosphate to be released. 50. Uses concentration gradient of a second substance, such as Na+ or H+, to pow ...
... 49. Regarding the Na+-K+ pump mechanism, which is not true? a. Three Na+ bind inside cell and are moved out of cell. b. Two K+ bind outside of cell and are move into cell. c. Na+ binding causes phosphate to be released. 50. Uses concentration gradient of a second substance, such as Na+ or H+, to pow ...
Ecological speciation model
... Enterics are a good example of reactions. They metabolize pyruvate to most of the products we discussed. ID of enterics critical to assess water quality. ...
... Enterics are a good example of reactions. They metabolize pyruvate to most of the products we discussed. ID of enterics critical to assess water quality. ...
Progress in plant metabolic engineering
... control metabolic flux in a more predictable manner. This might involve upregulating several consecutive enzymes in a pathway, upregulating enzymes in one pathway while suppressing those in another competing pathway, or using regulatory genes to establish multipoint control over one or more pathways ...
... control metabolic flux in a more predictable manner. This might involve upregulating several consecutive enzymes in a pathway, upregulating enzymes in one pathway while suppressing those in another competing pathway, or using regulatory genes to establish multipoint control over one or more pathways ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Glycolysis occurs in nearly all organisms • Glycolysis probably evolved in ancient prokaryotes before O2 on planet ...
... • Glycolysis occurs in nearly all organisms • Glycolysis probably evolved in ancient prokaryotes before O2 on planet ...
Chapter 9
... • Glycolysis occurs in nearly all organisms • Glycolysis probably evolved in ancient prokaryotes before O2 on planet ...
... • Glycolysis occurs in nearly all organisms • Glycolysis probably evolved in ancient prokaryotes before O2 on planet ...
Lipid Breakdown - Rose
... in the compound reveals that glucose yields 6.3 ATP per carbon, while stearic acid yields 8.1 ATP per carbon. Thus the fatty acid results in slightly more ATP than does glucose. An even more useful comparison, however, takes molecular weight into account. Glucose has a molecular weight of 180 g/mol, ...
... in the compound reveals that glucose yields 6.3 ATP per carbon, while stearic acid yields 8.1 ATP per carbon. Thus the fatty acid results in slightly more ATP than does glucose. An even more useful comparison, however, takes molecular weight into account. Glucose has a molecular weight of 180 g/mol, ...
Important Terminology 10/25/2015 Chapter 9: Control of Microbial Growth
... • effectiveness varies depending on the organism • may not make contact with all organisms present • e.g., dense microbial populations or biofilms ...
... • effectiveness varies depending on the organism • may not make contact with all organisms present • e.g., dense microbial populations or biofilms ...
PPT Nts Cellular Respiration
... cellular respiration for most of the race, saving the anaerobic spring for the finish. Training for distance events focuses on increasing the capacity of the athletes’ respiratory and circulatory systems to deliver enough oxygen to their muscles. Blood doping most often occurs among distance athlete ...
... cellular respiration for most of the race, saving the anaerobic spring for the finish. Training for distance events focuses on increasing the capacity of the athletes’ respiratory and circulatory systems to deliver enough oxygen to their muscles. Blood doping most often occurs among distance athlete ...
Lecture 6A/ Chapter 6 Protein
... • A protein is a compound composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) atoms. • Proteins are like carbohydrates (CHO) and lipids. BUT • Proteins also contain a N atom. • Amino acids: the building blocks of proteins. • Amino group • Acid group • H atom • Distinctive side group ...
... • A protein is a compound composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) atoms. • Proteins are like carbohydrates (CHO) and lipids. BUT • Proteins also contain a N atom. • Amino acids: the building blocks of proteins. • Amino group • Acid group • H atom • Distinctive side group ...
A Biology Primer for Computer Scientists
... two atoms share pairs of electrons in their outer shells (this is the type of bond normally occurring among C,H,O,and N). The structure of a molecule is traditionally displayed in two principal forms, the formula and the diagram. The formula basically describes the composition of the molecule, i.e., ...
... two atoms share pairs of electrons in their outer shells (this is the type of bond normally occurring among C,H,O,and N). The structure of a molecule is traditionally displayed in two principal forms, the formula and the diagram. The formula basically describes the composition of the molecule, i.e., ...
lo_ppt20
... • Starch digestible by humans, Cellulose not – The enzymes in humans can only work on the glycosidic linkage found in starch ...
... • Starch digestible by humans, Cellulose not – The enzymes in humans can only work on the glycosidic linkage found in starch ...
Cellular Respiration
... cycle is a series of reactions that produce energy-storing molecules during aerobic respiration. •Electron Transport Chain During aerobic respiration, large amounts of ATP are made in an electron transport chain. ...
... cycle is a series of reactions that produce energy-storing molecules during aerobic respiration. •Electron Transport Chain During aerobic respiration, large amounts of ATP are made in an electron transport chain. ...
Cellular Respiration What is Cellular Respiration?
... cycle is a series of reactions that produce energy-storing molecules during aerobic respiration. •Electron Transport Chain During aerobic respiration, large amounts of ATP are made in an electron transport chain. ...
... cycle is a series of reactions that produce energy-storing molecules during aerobic respiration. •Electron Transport Chain During aerobic respiration, large amounts of ATP are made in an electron transport chain. ...
Cell Respiration Power Point
... The Purpose of Cellular Respiration It is to make and break bonds to generate ATP and electrons. You end up with ATP, H ions and electrons. The electrons are sent to the Electron Transport Chain where they help to make ATP through ATP synthase. ****Hydrogen ions are bonded with oxygen to make water ...
... The Purpose of Cellular Respiration It is to make and break bonds to generate ATP and electrons. You end up with ATP, H ions and electrons. The electrons are sent to the Electron Transport Chain where they help to make ATP through ATP synthase. ****Hydrogen ions are bonded with oxygen to make water ...
Final Exam 2012 - Med Study Group
... • Regulatory molecules bind to a site remote from the active site. • Inhibitors and activators may compete with one another. • The enzyme usually has a quaternary structure. 39. What is the reducing agent in the following reaction? • oxygen • NADH • NAD+ • lactate • pyruvate 40. The immediate energ ...
... • Regulatory molecules bind to a site remote from the active site. • Inhibitors and activators may compete with one another. • The enzyme usually has a quaternary structure. 39. What is the reducing agent in the following reaction? • oxygen • NADH • NAD+ • lactate • pyruvate 40. The immediate energ ...
Higher Human Biology Unit 1: Human Cells Homework Questions
... In DNA the base pairs are held together by peptide bonds. Fragments of DNA are joined together by ligase Fragments of DNA are joined together by polymerase DNA contains the bases represented by the letters A, U, C and G. ...
... In DNA the base pairs are held together by peptide bonds. Fragments of DNA are joined together by ligase Fragments of DNA are joined together by polymerase DNA contains the bases represented by the letters A, U, C and G. ...
The CENTRAL DOGMA in Biology
... states that DNA provides a code for synthesizing proteins. Ultimately, it is the proteins in our body that determine all of our traits! In other words: ...
... states that DNA provides a code for synthesizing proteins. Ultimately, it is the proteins in our body that determine all of our traits! In other words: ...
Advanced Organic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
... was most exciting at the time when virtually every year was marked by stunning discoveries in the field of nucleic acids. We still derive a great deal of pleasure and satisfaction from teaching the course. Our main difficulty throughout the years has been the absence of a suitable textbook on nuclei ...
... was most exciting at the time when virtually every year was marked by stunning discoveries in the field of nucleic acids. We still derive a great deal of pleasure and satisfaction from teaching the course. Our main difficulty throughout the years has been the absence of a suitable textbook on nuclei ...
1. A Draw the structure of glucose using either a ring or straight
... C. Ferredoxin (Fd) is an iron containing protein present in the photosynthetic apparatus; during photosynthesis the iron undergoes a 1-electron redox reaction with an Eo' = -0.42v. Similarly cytochrome b5 is an iron-protein present in the microsomes with an Eo' = 0.0 v. For the reaction at pH = 7 ...
... C. Ferredoxin (Fd) is an iron containing protein present in the photosynthetic apparatus; during photosynthesis the iron undergoes a 1-electron redox reaction with an Eo' = -0.42v. Similarly cytochrome b5 is an iron-protein present in the microsomes with an Eo' = 0.0 v. For the reaction at pH = 7 ...
Bio 6 – Fermentation & Cellular Respiration Lab INTRODUCTION
... The importance of O2 for cellular respiration cannot be overemphasized. O2 is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. Without O2 electron transport does not occur, bringing cellular respiration to a halt, and the only option for ATP production is fermentation. This means 2 ATP p ...
... The importance of O2 for cellular respiration cannot be overemphasized. O2 is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. Without O2 electron transport does not occur, bringing cellular respiration to a halt, and the only option for ATP production is fermentation. This means 2 ATP p ...
Biology 2121 Study Guide/Course Objectives Chapter 2 Part I
... Why is DNA referred to as a double helix? 6. Know the following concerning ATP Know the basic parts Why it is closely related to a nucleotide of RNA and how it differs Where it is made in humans Name of the process that makes it- cellular respiration Know that glucose combines with oxyge ...
... Why is DNA referred to as a double helix? 6. Know the following concerning ATP Know the basic parts Why it is closely related to a nucleotide of RNA and how it differs Where it is made in humans Name of the process that makes it- cellular respiration Know that glucose combines with oxyge ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis
... 4- Acetyl unit (on the condensing enzyme) condenses with 2 carbon portion of malonyl unit on ACP forming acetoacetyl-S- ACP with release of CO2. This reaction is catalyzed by β-ketoacyl –ACP synthase Active site on the condensing enzyme is free. ...
... 4- Acetyl unit (on the condensing enzyme) condenses with 2 carbon portion of malonyl unit on ACP forming acetoacetyl-S- ACP with release of CO2. This reaction is catalyzed by β-ketoacyl –ACP synthase Active site on the condensing enzyme is free. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.