shroff srrotary institute of chemical technology
... 4. Millon’s Test : The Millon’s reagent consists of mercury dissolved in nitric acid (forming a mixture of mercuric and mercurous nitrates and nitrites). When Millon’s reagent is added to a protein, a white precipitate is formed. Protein + Millon’s Reagent = White Precipitate This test is give ...
... 4. Millon’s Test : The Millon’s reagent consists of mercury dissolved in nitric acid (forming a mixture of mercuric and mercurous nitrates and nitrites). When Millon’s reagent is added to a protein, a white precipitate is formed. Protein + Millon’s Reagent = White Precipitate This test is give ...
Reaction of glycolysis
... • Pyruvate is converted to lactate in anaerobic tissues, such as actively metabolizing muscle. NAD+ is recycled in the process • In some organisms, pyruvate is converted to ethanol in a process requiring thiamine pyrophosphate as a coenzyme ...
... • Pyruvate is converted to lactate in anaerobic tissues, such as actively metabolizing muscle. NAD+ is recycled in the process • In some organisms, pyruvate is converted to ethanol in a process requiring thiamine pyrophosphate as a coenzyme ...
Chapter 9 Modified
... The Versatility of Catabolism • Catabolic pathways funnel electrons from many kinds of organic molecules into cellular respiration • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle ...
... The Versatility of Catabolism • Catabolic pathways funnel electrons from many kinds of organic molecules into cellular respiration • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle ...
Disorders of phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism
... S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), is the most important methyl group donor in cellular metabolism. Remethylation of homocysteine to me thionine is cata ly sed mainly by the cobalamin-(vit. B12-)dependent methioni ne synthase (MS) or al ter natively betaine-homo cysteine methyl transferase (me ...
... S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), is the most important methyl group donor in cellular metabolism. Remethylation of homocysteine to me thionine is cata ly sed mainly by the cobalamin-(vit. B12-)dependent methioni ne synthase (MS) or al ter natively betaine-homo cysteine methyl transferase (me ...
Problem-Set Solutions
... 26.57 The equivalent of a total of four ATP molecules is expended in the production of one urea molecule; two ATP molecules are used to produce carbamoyl phosphate, and the equivalent of two ATP molecules are used in Step 2 of the cycle (ATP AMP + 2Pi). 26.58 The carbon atom and one nitrogen atom ...
... 26.57 The equivalent of a total of four ATP molecules is expended in the production of one urea molecule; two ATP molecules are used to produce carbamoyl phosphate, and the equivalent of two ATP molecules are used in Step 2 of the cycle (ATP AMP + 2Pi). 26.58 The carbon atom and one nitrogen atom ...
Modulation of phosphate accumulation in isolated chick kidney cells
... Crane, 1978). Without wishing to stress any physiological significance for the inhibition, it remains possible that its cause is less simple than T e n e n h o u s e and Chu (1982) propose. In this connection it is of in ter es t that NADH has been shown to stimulate organic acid transport in renal ...
... Crane, 1978). Without wishing to stress any physiological significance for the inhibition, it remains possible that its cause is less simple than T e n e n h o u s e and Chu (1982) propose. In this connection it is of in ter es t that NADH has been shown to stimulate organic acid transport in renal ...
Ch 6 Enzymes and Metabolism - Liberty Union High School District
... 3-D structure of enzyme fits substrate substrate binding cause enzyme to change shape leading to a tighter fit ...
... 3-D structure of enzyme fits substrate substrate binding cause enzyme to change shape leading to a tighter fit ...
PROTEOLYSIS is the breakdown of protein to free amino acids
... (2) N-Acetylglutamate is a required positive allosteric effector. The activity of acetylglutamate synthetase, the enzyme that synthesizes N-acetylglutamate, is regulated by amino acid levels. c. Ornithine transcarbamoylase catalyzes the formation of citrulline from carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine. ...
... (2) N-Acetylglutamate is a required positive allosteric effector. The activity of acetylglutamate synthetase, the enzyme that synthesizes N-acetylglutamate, is regulated by amino acid levels. c. Ornithine transcarbamoylase catalyzes the formation of citrulline from carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine. ...
Citric acid cycle
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is ...
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is ...
The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
... Concept 5.3: Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules • Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers • The unifying feature of lipids is having little or no affinity for water • Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, whi ...
... Concept 5.3: Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules • Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers • The unifying feature of lipids is having little or no affinity for water • Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, whi ...
Dysglycemia refers to any disorders in serum (blood) glucose
... groups. Adenine and ribose are both forms of pentose, sugars with 5 carbon atoms. ATP is used by all cells of the body and particularly muscle cells for energy. The splitting of these groups of atoms is known as the citric acid cycle. A steady supply, storage of, and re-conversion of glucose back in ...
... groups. Adenine and ribose are both forms of pentose, sugars with 5 carbon atoms. ATP is used by all cells of the body and particularly muscle cells for energy. The splitting of these groups of atoms is known as the citric acid cycle. A steady supply, storage of, and re-conversion of glucose back in ...
Mistakes Happen
... or no effect whatsoever. They can be caused by external environmental factors or simply when DNA polymerase makes a typo during replication. Since it is the DNA that is copied into RNA, this mistake will transfer to the RNA. Problems don’t usually arise, however, until a protein is made from the mut ...
... or no effect whatsoever. They can be caused by external environmental factors or simply when DNA polymerase makes a typo during replication. Since it is the DNA that is copied into RNA, this mistake will transfer to the RNA. Problems don’t usually arise, however, until a protein is made from the mut ...
Metabolism
... smaller polysaccharides (dextrins), maltose, and some glucose. • In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes dextrins to maltose and glucose. • The disaccharides maltose, lactose, and sucrose are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. • The monosaccharides enter the bloodstream for transport to th ...
... smaller polysaccharides (dextrins), maltose, and some glucose. • In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes dextrins to maltose and glucose. • The disaccharides maltose, lactose, and sucrose are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. • The monosaccharides enter the bloodstream for transport to th ...
B-Metabolism of Sulphur containing amino acids
... Recently it has been shown that some cases of CHD where there are no obvious risk factors like increased cholesterol/ TG / LDL, obesity, hypertension etc. are due to increased level of homocysteine in the blood. Individuals with the highest homocysteine levels have three times the risk of precipitat ...
... Recently it has been shown that some cases of CHD where there are no obvious risk factors like increased cholesterol/ TG / LDL, obesity, hypertension etc. are due to increased level of homocysteine in the blood. Individuals with the highest homocysteine levels have three times the risk of precipitat ...
What are enzymes and how do they work
... 22. Draw a square around the part of the tRNA (at the top) that must contain the anti-codon. (Be sure to go back and consider models 1 and 2.) 23. a. Using the name "amino-acyl tRNA synthetases" as a guide, name two different substrates of these enzymes: ____________ ...
... 22. Draw a square around the part of the tRNA (at the top) that must contain the anti-codon. (Be sure to go back and consider models 1 and 2.) 23. a. Using the name "amino-acyl tRNA synthetases" as a guide, name two different substrates of these enzymes: ____________ ...
Chapter 8
... • All of an organisms chemical processes 2. What are the different types of metabolism? • Catabolism – releases energy by breaking down complex molecules • Anabolism – use energy to build up complex molecules • Catabolic rxns – hydrolysis – break bonds • Anabolic rxns – dehydration – form bonds 3. H ...
... • All of an organisms chemical processes 2. What are the different types of metabolism? • Catabolism – releases energy by breaking down complex molecules • Anabolism – use energy to build up complex molecules • Catabolic rxns – hydrolysis – break bonds • Anabolic rxns – dehydration – form bonds 3. H ...
The Cell Membrane
... it also generates a potential difference across the cell membrane. This is called the membrane potential, and all animal cells have it. It varies from 20 to 200 mV, but and is always negative inside the cell. In most cells the Na+K+ pump runs continuously and uses 30% of all the cell's energy (70% ...
... it also generates a potential difference across the cell membrane. This is called the membrane potential, and all animal cells have it. It varies from 20 to 200 mV, but and is always negative inside the cell. In most cells the Na+K+ pump runs continuously and uses 30% of all the cell's energy (70% ...
Fact Sheet
... Management of Propionic Acidemia and Methylmalonic Acidemia There is no cure for PA or MMA, but they can be managed with a modified diet, medication, and special medical formulas specifically designed for persons with PA or MMA. The modified diet for these disorders is low in propiogenic amino acid ...
... Management of Propionic Acidemia and Methylmalonic Acidemia There is no cure for PA or MMA, but they can be managed with a modified diet, medication, and special medical formulas specifically designed for persons with PA or MMA. The modified diet for these disorders is low in propiogenic amino acid ...
Metabolism without Oxygen
... on exposure. It should be noted that all forms of fermentation, except lactic acid fermentation, produce gas. The production of particular types of gas is used as an indicator of the fermentation of specific carbohydrates, which plays a role in the laboratory identification of the bacteria. Various ...
... on exposure. It should be noted that all forms of fermentation, except lactic acid fermentation, produce gas. The production of particular types of gas is used as an indicator of the fermentation of specific carbohydrates, which plays a role in the laboratory identification of the bacteria. Various ...
Living Environment Review NYS (power point)
... A beaker of fluid as shown in the diagram below. The letters A, B, and C represent substances in the initial ...
... A beaker of fluid as shown in the diagram below. The letters A, B, and C represent substances in the initial ...
hyde school: unit plan - science-b
... Describe the major consequences of photorespiration. Explain why it is thought to be an evolutionary relict. ...
... Describe the major consequences of photorespiration. Explain why it is thought to be an evolutionary relict. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.