Macromolecules - Essentials Education
... Chromosomes are thread‐like structures made up of DNA and proteins call histones. These structures are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and are visible as the cells start to divide. The chromosome number is constant for each species, e.g. 46 in humans, 48 in a chimpanzee, 40 in a mouse and ...
... Chromosomes are thread‐like structures made up of DNA and proteins call histones. These structures are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and are visible as the cells start to divide. The chromosome number is constant for each species, e.g. 46 in humans, 48 in a chimpanzee, 40 in a mouse and ...
BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
... Peptide and non-peptide components of proteins. Structural levels of globular and fibril proteins Primary structure of proteins Secondary structure of proteins; characteristics and factors determining helix structures, folded sheet and twists Structure of the levorotatory triple helix: collagen Fold ...
... Peptide and non-peptide components of proteins. Structural levels of globular and fibril proteins Primary structure of proteins Secondary structure of proteins; characteristics and factors determining helix structures, folded sheet and twists Structure of the levorotatory triple helix: collagen Fold ...
6 Energy and Metabolism
... and the TCA cycle are oxidized back to NAD so glycolysis can continue. It also generates 3 more ATP. When this system is performing in the presence of oxygen, oxygen is consumed and the waste product is water. When it is done anaerobically (such as in some bacteria), sulfate is used as the H+ accept ...
... and the TCA cycle are oxidized back to NAD so glycolysis can continue. It also generates 3 more ATP. When this system is performing in the presence of oxygen, oxygen is consumed and the waste product is water. When it is done anaerobically (such as in some bacteria), sulfate is used as the H+ accept ...
Enzymes
... the enzyme cytochrome oxidase found in the electron transport chain used in respiration. If this cannot be used, death will occur ...
... the enzyme cytochrome oxidase found in the electron transport chain used in respiration. If this cannot be used, death will occur ...
PHYS 498 Quiz 1 Solution Starting with double
... activation energy that needs to be overcome. This activation energy is reduced by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Helicase is used to unwind DNA using the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis A peptide is formed through condensation reaction between two amino acids, which forms a peptide bond. This process ...
... activation energy that needs to be overcome. This activation energy is reduced by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Helicase is used to unwind DNA using the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis A peptide is formed through condensation reaction between two amino acids, which forms a peptide bond. This process ...
The Biochemistry of Water
... can be absorbed by the base and too few hydrogen ions can be provided by the acid. ...
... can be absorbed by the base and too few hydrogen ions can be provided by the acid. ...
View document as PDF
... This collection is designed to introduce students to the concepts of protein structure and biochemistry. Different activities guide students from the basic building blocks of proteins, amino acids, through the different levels of protein structure. Using the MolyMod© models, students learn the diffe ...
... This collection is designed to introduce students to the concepts of protein structure and biochemistry. Different activities guide students from the basic building blocks of proteins, amino acids, through the different levels of protein structure. Using the MolyMod© models, students learn the diffe ...
Chapter 8 Multiple Choice Practice
... d. The calcium ions must be diffusing back into the SR along the concentration gradient. e. The route of calcium ions must be from SR to the cytosol, to the cell's environment. ____ ...
... d. The calcium ions must be diffusing back into the SR along the concentration gradient. e. The route of calcium ions must be from SR to the cytosol, to the cell's environment. ____ ...
to the full text - David Moore`s World of Fungi: where
... component of the soil, which represents 5-16% of the total organic matter. Here, again, though most soil carbohydrate is in polymeric form. Monosaccharides represent less than 1% of the carbohydrate but cellulose can account for up to 14% of total carbohydrate and chitin must also be well represente ...
... component of the soil, which represents 5-16% of the total organic matter. Here, again, though most soil carbohydrate is in polymeric form. Monosaccharides represent less than 1% of the carbohydrate but cellulose can account for up to 14% of total carbohydrate and chitin must also be well represente ...
Friday Calvin Cycle How you will always remember… Rubisco
... How to organisms get energy? • Cells use a high energy molecule to fuel ...
... How to organisms get energy? • Cells use a high energy molecule to fuel ...
Energy Systems and Muscle Fibre Types
... The Chemistry of Energy Production • Energy in the human body is derived from the breakdown of complex nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. • The end result of this breakdown is production of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule. ...
... The Chemistry of Energy Production • Energy in the human body is derived from the breakdown of complex nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. • The end result of this breakdown is production of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule. ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... molecules, two NADH molecules are synthesized during this step. Each 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is subsequently dephosphorylated (i.e., a phosphate is removed) by phosphoglycerate kinase into 3-phosphoglycerate. Each phosphate released in this reaction can convert one molecule of ADP into one high-ener ...
... molecules, two NADH molecules are synthesized during this step. Each 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is subsequently dephosphorylated (i.e., a phosphate is removed) by phosphoglycerate kinase into 3-phosphoglycerate. Each phosphate released in this reaction can convert one molecule of ADP into one high-ener ...
1 - Humble ISD
... 90. The link reaction produces Acetyl CoA (2C) from the input substrate (usually pyruvate). The extra carbon is released as carbon dioxide. Acetyl CoA can also be produced from fatty acids. When the fatty acid chain contains an even number of carbons, no CO2 is released. How many Acetyl CoA molecule ...
... 90. The link reaction produces Acetyl CoA (2C) from the input substrate (usually pyruvate). The extra carbon is released as carbon dioxide. Acetyl CoA can also be produced from fatty acids. When the fatty acid chain contains an even number of carbons, no CO2 is released. How many Acetyl CoA molecule ...
Year 9 Chemical Sciences Program Term 3 Course 2 2017
... describing observed reactions using word equations considering the role of energy in chemical reactions recognising that the conservation of mass in a chemical reaction can be demonstrated by simple chemical equations ...
... describing observed reactions using word equations considering the role of energy in chemical reactions recognising that the conservation of mass in a chemical reaction can be demonstrated by simple chemical equations ...
A1988N971200001
... The development of these results immediately led us into the heart of a number of general problems. These problems included the enzymatic mechanism of active proton transport across the plasma membrane, its relationships with other transport processes, the regulation of the state of the apoplast, th ...
... The development of these results immediately led us into the heart of a number of general problems. These problems included the enzymatic mechanism of active proton transport across the plasma membrane, its relationships with other transport processes, the regulation of the state of the apoplast, th ...
Bil 255 – CMB
... Balance Sheet Aerobic Oxidation glucose vs 6C FFA Rule of Thumb... the P to O ratio 1 NADH (via mito ETC) = 3 ATP and 1 FADH2 = 2 ATP beta-OXIDATION 6C-FFA (c-c-c-c-c-c) ...
... Balance Sheet Aerobic Oxidation glucose vs 6C FFA Rule of Thumb... the P to O ratio 1 NADH (via mito ETC) = 3 ATP and 1 FADH2 = 2 ATP beta-OXIDATION 6C-FFA (c-c-c-c-c-c) ...
Document
... Response of amino acid frequencies – Mutation pressure will alter the frequency of usage of codons in gene sequences. This will cause amino-acid substitutions in the proteins that will often be deleterious. Selection will therefore oppose variation in the frequencies of bases and amino acids. In mit ...
... Response of amino acid frequencies – Mutation pressure will alter the frequency of usage of codons in gene sequences. This will cause amino-acid substitutions in the proteins that will often be deleterious. Selection will therefore oppose variation in the frequencies of bases and amino acids. In mit ...
Lab 11
... Additional reagents added: sulfanilic acid (reagent A), dimethylalpha-naphthylamine (reagent B), (together form a complex with nitrite creating a red product), zinc (reduces nitrate to nitrite allowing reaction with reagent A and B) Discriminates organisms that can produce nitrate reductases to util ...
... Additional reagents added: sulfanilic acid (reagent A), dimethylalpha-naphthylamine (reagent B), (together form a complex with nitrite creating a red product), zinc (reduces nitrate to nitrite allowing reaction with reagent A and B) Discriminates organisms that can produce nitrate reductases to util ...
Fructose-1,6 - LSU School of Medicine
... List gluconeogenic precursors List the enzymes and intermediates involved in gluconeogenesis List the irreversible and regulated steps of gluconeogenesis Discuss regulation of gluconeogenesis ...
... List gluconeogenic precursors List the enzymes and intermediates involved in gluconeogenesis List the irreversible and regulated steps of gluconeogenesis Discuss regulation of gluconeogenesis ...
Protein Structure and Bioinformatics
... • What are the primary secondary structures? • How are protein structures determined experimentally? • How can structures be predicted in silico? ...
... • What are the primary secondary structures? • How are protein structures determined experimentally? • How can structures be predicted in silico? ...
Searching for Binding Partners for the Novel PHKG1 Variant, PhKγ
... Kinases? What do they do? Kinases are enzymes which transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a specific substrate, this process is known as Phosphorylation. ...
... Kinases? What do they do? Kinases are enzymes which transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a specific substrate, this process is known as Phosphorylation. ...
Glycolysis - Rose
... We will begin with a discussion of glycolysis, the catabolic conversion of glucose into energy with the production of either pyruvate or waste products. It is important to remember, however, that energy generation is not the only purpose of the pathway, and that in many cell types the formation of g ...
... We will begin with a discussion of glycolysis, the catabolic conversion of glucose into energy with the production of either pyruvate or waste products. It is important to remember, however, that energy generation is not the only purpose of the pathway, and that in many cell types the formation of g ...
Catalysis by Enzymes
... Catalysis by Enzymes • Enzyme A protein that acts as a catalyst for a biochemical reaction. ...
... Catalysis by Enzymes • Enzyme A protein that acts as a catalyst for a biochemical reaction. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.