(a) Name the monosaccharides of which the
... The diagram shows one method by which amino acids are absorbed from the small intestine into the blood. They are co-transported into the epithelial cell with sodium ions (Na+) at point X on the diagram. Normally, the concentration of sodium ions inside the epithelial cell is ...
... The diagram shows one method by which amino acids are absorbed from the small intestine into the blood. They are co-transported into the epithelial cell with sodium ions (Na+) at point X on the diagram. Normally, the concentration of sodium ions inside the epithelial cell is ...
Lecture 27
... Small subunit hydrolyzes Gln and delivers NH3 to large subunit. Channels intermediate of two reactions from one active site to the other. ...
... Small subunit hydrolyzes Gln and delivers NH3 to large subunit. Channels intermediate of two reactions from one active site to the other. ...
1 Which of structures below stands for D
... formation of relatively linear polysaccharide chains which can H-bond both intra-chain and between chains forming a closely layered insoluble polymer. This chitin is expected to have the same kind of beta-(1-4) linkage (see below). ...
... formation of relatively linear polysaccharide chains which can H-bond both intra-chain and between chains forming a closely layered insoluble polymer. This chitin is expected to have the same kind of beta-(1-4) linkage (see below). ...
A1980JX53900001
... that this could be a general method for the synthesis of any long peptide chain. This view was expressed also in the title of our paper The repetitiveness of the operation seemed to lend itself to mechanization and automation,2 and the stepwise strategy indeed acted as a stimulus in the invention of ...
... that this could be a general method for the synthesis of any long peptide chain. This view was expressed also in the title of our paper The repetitiveness of the operation seemed to lend itself to mechanization and automation,2 and the stepwise strategy indeed acted as a stimulus in the invention of ...
2.277 December 2005 Final Exam
... around the bilayer but proteins are fixed and unable to move. C) Glucose permease is a 12 α-helical protein that uses the energy of ATP to pump glucose into the red blood cell. D) CH4, O2, N2, and H2O cross membranes freely, equalizing their concentrations on both sides of the membranes. E) Integral ...
... around the bilayer but proteins are fixed and unable to move. C) Glucose permease is a 12 α-helical protein that uses the energy of ATP to pump glucose into the red blood cell. D) CH4, O2, N2, and H2O cross membranes freely, equalizing their concentrations on both sides of the membranes. E) Integral ...
File
... detail of any one step in respiration where NAD (reduced) is produced; Krebs cycle produces 1 FAD (reduced) (per turn of cycle); carriers / transfers, hydrogen to, inner mitochondrial membrane / cristae / cytochromes / ETC; mitochondrial shuttle (bringing NAD reduced from glycolysis into matrix); ...
... detail of any one step in respiration where NAD (reduced) is produced; Krebs cycle produces 1 FAD (reduced) (per turn of cycle); carriers / transfers, hydrogen to, inner mitochondrial membrane / cristae / cytochromes / ETC; mitochondrial shuttle (bringing NAD reduced from glycolysis into matrix); ...
BIOMOLECULES
... of amino acids form polypetide chain in proteins? 39. α-Helix is a secondary structure of proteins formed by twisting of polypeptide chain into right handed screw like structures. Which type of interactions are responsible for making the α-helix structure stable? 40. Some enzymes are named after the ...
... of amino acids form polypetide chain in proteins? 39. α-Helix is a secondary structure of proteins formed by twisting of polypeptide chain into right handed screw like structures. Which type of interactions are responsible for making the α-helix structure stable? 40. Some enzymes are named after the ...
Document
... energy or other metabolic uses. • Higher animals store excess as glycogen which is mobilized when needed for energy or other uses. • In plants, glucose is the building block for sucrose, starch and cellulose. ...
... energy or other metabolic uses. • Higher animals store excess as glycogen which is mobilized when needed for energy or other uses. • In plants, glucose is the building block for sucrose, starch and cellulose. ...
PPT
... – The molecules of electron transport chains are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria. • The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial ...
... – The molecules of electron transport chains are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria. • The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial ...
pyruvate
... carbon will be directed to the 2 main storage forms of carbon--glycogen via gluconeogenesis and fat production via fatty acid synthesis---where acetyl-CoA is the principal carbon donor. Although the regulation of Pdh-b phosphatase is not well understood, it is quite likely regulated to maximize pyru ...
... carbon will be directed to the 2 main storage forms of carbon--glycogen via gluconeogenesis and fat production via fatty acid synthesis---where acetyl-CoA is the principal carbon donor. Although the regulation of Pdh-b phosphatase is not well understood, it is quite likely regulated to maximize pyru ...
Final Examination
... The pathway is energetically unfavorable as written. The pathway is energetically close to neutral, and does not favor either the reactants or products. The pathway releases energy from two high energy phospho-anhydride bonds Reactions 1 and 2b are energetically close to neutral, while 2a is highly ...
... The pathway is energetically unfavorable as written. The pathway is energetically close to neutral, and does not favor either the reactants or products. The pathway releases energy from two high energy phospho-anhydride bonds Reactions 1 and 2b are energetically close to neutral, while 2a is highly ...
STUDY PROBLEMS AND CALCULATIONS: UV/VIS
... 4. Alternating double and single bonds are referred to as a conjugated system. How does such a structure influence UV/Vis absorption? 5. Why are some solutions coloured? (give chemical explanations of this feature). 6. Define molar absorptivity (molar extinction coefficient). 7. How can you determin ...
... 4. Alternating double and single bonds are referred to as a conjugated system. How does such a structure influence UV/Vis absorption? 5. Why are some solutions coloured? (give chemical explanations of this feature). 6. Define molar absorptivity (molar extinction coefficient). 7. How can you determin ...
No Slide Title
... Normal N2 loss=0.2-0.24G/kg/day. N2-energy ratio=1:200. Energy from – glucose, fat. N2 loss from amino acid solution. Add. – Electrolytes. – Vitamins. – Trace elements. ...
... Normal N2 loss=0.2-0.24G/kg/day. N2-energy ratio=1:200. Energy from – glucose, fat. N2 loss from amino acid solution. Add. – Electrolytes. – Vitamins. – Trace elements. ...
Ch. 8 Enzymes as catalysts Glucokinase is typical enzyme:
... Oxidation is loss of electrons (loss H, or gain O) Reduction is gain electrons (gain H, loss of O) Redox coenzymes do not form covalent bond to substrate Unique functional groups ...
... Oxidation is loss of electrons (loss H, or gain O) Reduction is gain electrons (gain H, loss of O) Redox coenzymes do not form covalent bond to substrate Unique functional groups ...
Slides
... of metabolic pathways from genomes Schemas for pathway DBs Exchange formats for pathway data Classification systems for pathway data Pathway diagram layout algorithms ...
... of metabolic pathways from genomes Schemas for pathway DBs Exchange formats for pathway data Classification systems for pathway data Pathway diagram layout algorithms ...
Degree of reduction
... Generalised Degree of Reduction of the Carbon Multiplication factors account for the valencies of individual elements as follows. They correspond to the number of electrons on the atoms: C = +4 (+2 O2- 4e -+ CO2) H = +1 ( H+ +1e -) O = - 2 (+2e- O2-) Now attribute these electrons to the ...
... Generalised Degree of Reduction of the Carbon Multiplication factors account for the valencies of individual elements as follows. They correspond to the number of electrons on the atoms: C = +4 (+2 O2- 4e -+ CO2) H = +1 ( H+ +1e -) O = - 2 (+2e- O2-) Now attribute these electrons to the ...
Dear Notetaker:
... o Gogli is making any modifications and adding it in at the cilium Later in time it is found in the outer segment Being pushed closer and closer to RPE over time 10-15 days after pulse a group of disks will be broken off and taken up by the RPE and recycled When the rod makes opsin protein i ...
... o Gogli is making any modifications and adding it in at the cilium Later in time it is found in the outer segment Being pushed closer and closer to RPE over time 10-15 days after pulse a group of disks will be broken off and taken up by the RPE and recycled When the rod makes opsin protein i ...
Quantitative Analysis of Stearic Acid in Vulcanized Styrene
... acid content. There exists a need for a quantitative analytical method for the determination of stearic acid in rubber. This report illustrates two methods which can be used for the measurement of stearic acid in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR): thermal desorption (TD)-GC/MS and reactive thermal deso ...
... acid content. There exists a need for a quantitative analytical method for the determination of stearic acid in rubber. This report illustrates two methods which can be used for the measurement of stearic acid in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR): thermal desorption (TD)-GC/MS and reactive thermal deso ...
Title: Author - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
... Figure 3. Structure of pyridoxine and pyridoxale phosphate cofactors. 1.2.1. Mechanism of transamination The pyridoxale phosphate is attached to a lysil sidechain of the enzyme via a Schiff base (imine) linkage, which could be substituted by an amino acid. The pyridoxale phosphate cofactor is coval ...
... Figure 3. Structure of pyridoxine and pyridoxale phosphate cofactors. 1.2.1. Mechanism of transamination The pyridoxale phosphate is attached to a lysil sidechain of the enzyme via a Schiff base (imine) linkage, which could be substituted by an amino acid. The pyridoxale phosphate cofactor is coval ...
Urea cycle
... High protein diet stimulates glucagon and insulin release. Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver Insulin stimulates protein synthesis in the skeletal muscles (gluconeogenesis in the liver is not inhibited) ...
... High protein diet stimulates glucagon and insulin release. Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver Insulin stimulates protein synthesis in the skeletal muscles (gluconeogenesis in the liver is not inhibited) ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.