MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
... MEMBRANE PROTEINS • INTEGRAL or TRANS – MEMBRANE PROTEINS • LIPID-ANCHORED MEMBRANE PROTEINS • PERIPHERAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS ...
... MEMBRANE PROTEINS • INTEGRAL or TRANS – MEMBRANE PROTEINS • LIPID-ANCHORED MEMBRANE PROTEINS • PERIPHERAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS ...
Learning objectives
... 2. Distinguish between monomers and polymers. 3. Draw diagrams to illustrate condensation and hydrolysis reactions. Carbohydrates Serve as Fuel and Building Material 4. Distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. 5. Describe the formation of a glycosidic linkage. 6. Dist ...
... 2. Distinguish between monomers and polymers. 3. Draw diagrams to illustrate condensation and hydrolysis reactions. Carbohydrates Serve as Fuel and Building Material 4. Distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. 5. Describe the formation of a glycosidic linkage. 6. Dist ...
Make notes using these questions
... Draw a diagram to show how amino acids become joined together. Explain why this is called a ‘condensation’ reaction. What would the opposite reaction by called? Amino acid R-groups are described as hydrophilic or hydrophobic. What does this mean? Draw a table to show the four levels of protein struc ...
... Draw a diagram to show how amino acids become joined together. Explain why this is called a ‘condensation’ reaction. What would the opposite reaction by called? Amino acid R-groups are described as hydrophilic or hydrophobic. What does this mean? Draw a table to show the four levels of protein struc ...
answers_ch04
... Patrick: An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry 3/e Chapter 4: Proteins as drug targets – enzymes Answers 1) The enzyme catalysed reduction of an aldehyde requires one equivalent of the cofactor NADH, which is oxidised to NAD+. However, if ethanol is added to the reaction, aldehyde dehydrogenase can ...
... Patrick: An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry 3/e Chapter 4: Proteins as drug targets – enzymes Answers 1) The enzyme catalysed reduction of an aldehyde requires one equivalent of the cofactor NADH, which is oxidised to NAD+. However, if ethanol is added to the reaction, aldehyde dehydrogenase can ...
E. coli - Department of Chemistry
... Obtainable from sugars derived from cellulose, hemicellulose, or starch At least two functional groups ...
... Obtainable from sugars derived from cellulose, hemicellulose, or starch At least two functional groups ...
Nitrogen Cycle
... organisms use nitrogen for? Where is it found in organisms? -nitrogen an important component of DNA and proteins which are essential for human life - plants use nitrogen for growth - humans use proteins for muscle function 2. How does nitrogen to move from the atmosphere to the biosphere and back? ...
... organisms use nitrogen for? Where is it found in organisms? -nitrogen an important component of DNA and proteins which are essential for human life - plants use nitrogen for growth - humans use proteins for muscle function 2. How does nitrogen to move from the atmosphere to the biosphere and back? ...
PROTEIN CHEMISTRY
... conformational form which may be : The α-Helix The α-helix is a common secondary structure encountered in proteins of the globular class. The formation of the α-helix is spontaneous and is stabilized by H-bonding between amide nitrogens and carbonyl carbons of peptide bonds spaced four residues apar ...
... conformational form which may be : The α-Helix The α-helix is a common secondary structure encountered in proteins of the globular class. The formation of the α-helix is spontaneous and is stabilized by H-bonding between amide nitrogens and carbonyl carbons of peptide bonds spaced four residues apar ...
Slide 1
... other mitochondrial uncoupling proteins) which are activated by calcium coming in through the calcium uniporter. Also note that electron carriers can autooxidize directly to oxygen, creating oxygen radicals (Co-Q is the major site of autooxidation) with as much as 5% of resting oxygen use due to thi ...
... other mitochondrial uncoupling proteins) which are activated by calcium coming in through the calcium uniporter. Also note that electron carriers can autooxidize directly to oxygen, creating oxygen radicals (Co-Q is the major site of autooxidation) with as much as 5% of resting oxygen use due to thi ...
15 ATP and Energy
... membrane. Others are in solution within specific membrane-enclosed eukaryotic organelles. For example, in eukaryotic cells the enzymes for cellular respiration reside within mitochondria. ...
... membrane. Others are in solution within specific membrane-enclosed eukaryotic organelles. For example, in eukaryotic cells the enzymes for cellular respiration reside within mitochondria. ...
Name: _____ Date: ______ Class:______________
... rather, plants make their own food molecules through ____________________ and then these glucose molecules are broken down by mitochondria by doing ____________________ to make energy. Animals don’t have chloroplasts doing ____________________, so they have to eat organic molecules, which provide th ...
... rather, plants make their own food molecules through ____________________ and then these glucose molecules are broken down by mitochondria by doing ____________________ to make energy. Animals don’t have chloroplasts doing ____________________, so they have to eat organic molecules, which provide th ...
Chem331 Lect 5 Amino acids peptides
... Amino acids are zwitterions - a molecule with both a pos and neg charge All naturally occurring amino acids are optically active isomers, except glycine. L amino acids R-groups determine the functionality of the amino acids. All amino acids can be based on one of three basic groups, non-polar, uncha ...
... Amino acids are zwitterions - a molecule with both a pos and neg charge All naturally occurring amino acids are optically active isomers, except glycine. L amino acids R-groups determine the functionality of the amino acids. All amino acids can be based on one of three basic groups, non-polar, uncha ...
Unit 15.1 Water and Protein as Nutrients
... B. Digestion to breakdown nutrients C. Movement of feed through the digestive tract D. Produces milk E. Provides cells with pressure to maintain their shape F. Helps the body maintain a constant temperature G. Flushes the animal=s body wastes and toxic materials ...
... B. Digestion to breakdown nutrients C. Movement of feed through the digestive tract D. Produces milk E. Provides cells with pressure to maintain their shape F. Helps the body maintain a constant temperature G. Flushes the animal=s body wastes and toxic materials ...
Sept14
... Alpha and beta glucose differ only in the direction that -H and -OH groups point on carbon 1 (labelled). Alpha glucose has an -OH group that points "downwards", away from the ring, whereas the -OH on carbon 1 of beta glucose is in line with the ring. http://www.biotopics.co.uk/as/alphabetaglucose.ht ...
... Alpha and beta glucose differ only in the direction that -H and -OH groups point on carbon 1 (labelled). Alpha glucose has an -OH group that points "downwards", away from the ring, whereas the -OH on carbon 1 of beta glucose is in line with the ring. http://www.biotopics.co.uk/as/alphabetaglucose.ht ...
Bioinformatics Research and Resources at the University of
... “The two-state accuracy by SABLE is 77.3% in the ProSup benchmark, 77.9% in the SALIGN benchmark, 74.3% in the Lindahl benchmark and, 75.3% in the LiveBench 8 benchmark. This accuracy is consistent with the published performance of this and other state-of-the-art predictors.” Liu, Zhang, Liang and Z ...
... “The two-state accuracy by SABLE is 77.3% in the ProSup benchmark, 77.9% in the SALIGN benchmark, 74.3% in the Lindahl benchmark and, 75.3% in the LiveBench 8 benchmark. This accuracy is consistent with the published performance of this and other state-of-the-art predictors.” Liu, Zhang, Liang and Z ...
Anaerobic Energy Systems
... After the test has finished, how does the body get rid of lactic acid? Exertion levels determine the rate of lactic acid removal An active recovery provides best conditions with exertion levels and heart rate lower than that at the onset of blood lactate accumulation. ...
... After the test has finished, how does the body get rid of lactic acid? Exertion levels determine the rate of lactic acid removal An active recovery provides best conditions with exertion levels and heart rate lower than that at the onset of blood lactate accumulation. ...
Chapter 16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Functions of
... • carry out synthesis, transport, and metabolism in the cells. • such as myoglobin store and transport oxygen in muscle. ...
... • carry out synthesis, transport, and metabolism in the cells. • such as myoglobin store and transport oxygen in muscle. ...
Glycolysis
... Without oxidation of this NADH, glycolysis cannot continue. There are two alternate routes for oxidation of cytosolic NADH to NAD+ depending upon aerobic or anaerobic respiration pathways. One route is aerobic (in the presence of oxygen) , in which oxidation of NADH to NAD+ takes palce across the mi ...
... Without oxidation of this NADH, glycolysis cannot continue. There are two alternate routes for oxidation of cytosolic NADH to NAD+ depending upon aerobic or anaerobic respiration pathways. One route is aerobic (in the presence of oxygen) , in which oxidation of NADH to NAD+ takes palce across the mi ...
Secondary Products
... Hemiterpenes - contain 1 isoprene unit (5-C) Monoterpenes - contain 2 isoprene units (10-C) Sesquiterpenes - 3 isoprenes (15-C) Diterpenes - 4 isoprenes (20-C) Triterpenes - 6 isoprenes (30-C) Tetraterpenes - 8 isoprenes (40-C) Polyterpenes - over 10 isoprenes ...
... Hemiterpenes - contain 1 isoprene unit (5-C) Monoterpenes - contain 2 isoprene units (10-C) Sesquiterpenes - 3 isoprenes (15-C) Diterpenes - 4 isoprenes (20-C) Triterpenes - 6 isoprenes (30-C) Tetraterpenes - 8 isoprenes (40-C) Polyterpenes - over 10 isoprenes ...
Buffering Capacity
... • Obtain 25mL of the next assigned buffer for each of the two beakers • Repeat the first protocol up to 30 drops of acid & base respectively, recording the pH values in table 1 • Calculate the ΔpH , ΔpH and ΔpH • Post your data on the board in the front of ...
... • Obtain 25mL of the next assigned buffer for each of the two beakers • Repeat the first protocol up to 30 drops of acid & base respectively, recording the pH values in table 1 • Calculate the ΔpH , ΔpH and ΔpH • Post your data on the board in the front of ...
Rate Law in Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions
... Oxidoreductases catalyze the transfer of hydrogen atoms and electrons Example - Lactate Dehydrogenase Transferases catalyze the transfer of functional groups from donors to acceptors Example - Alanine aminotransferase Hydrolases catalyze the cleavage of bonds by the addition of water (hydrolysis) E ...
... Oxidoreductases catalyze the transfer of hydrogen atoms and electrons Example - Lactate Dehydrogenase Transferases catalyze the transfer of functional groups from donors to acceptors Example - Alanine aminotransferase Hydrolases catalyze the cleavage of bonds by the addition of water (hydrolysis) E ...
Chapter 8 Homeostasis of blood sugar, gas concentrations and
... Influence of hormones on adrenal glands on blood sugar concentrations ...
... Influence of hormones on adrenal glands on blood sugar concentrations ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.