Chapter 3 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CELL
... VIII. Cell Metabolism A. Cell metabolism is the sum of all the catabolic (decomposition) and anabolic (syntheses) reactions in the cell. B. Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are broken down and the energy from these molecules is used to produce ATP. C. Glucose through a process called glycolysis co ...
... VIII. Cell Metabolism A. Cell metabolism is the sum of all the catabolic (decomposition) and anabolic (syntheses) reactions in the cell. B. Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are broken down and the energy from these molecules is used to produce ATP. C. Glucose through a process called glycolysis co ...
9/5/08 Transcript I
... Here is where the conceptually difficult problem comes in: All of these forms are interconvertible except for one reaction. So I can go back and forth from any of these forms in here. All of these reactions are reversible. (So, I can take a methenyl and make it a methylene, can take a formyl and mak ...
... Here is where the conceptually difficult problem comes in: All of these forms are interconvertible except for one reaction. So I can go back and forth from any of these forms in here. All of these reactions are reversible. (So, I can take a methenyl and make it a methylene, can take a formyl and mak ...
protein synthesis
... A. RNA polymerase reads DNA template sense strand B. Complementary nucleotides are added to the 3' end of RNA using information in DNA as instructions **Polymerases always work from the 3' to the 5' end of the coding strand of DNA (template); thus the antiparallel structure it is forming is going fr ...
... A. RNA polymerase reads DNA template sense strand B. Complementary nucleotides are added to the 3' end of RNA using information in DNA as instructions **Polymerases always work from the 3' to the 5' end of the coding strand of DNA (template); thus the antiparallel structure it is forming is going fr ...
8-3 The Reactions of Photosynthesis
... The two sets of photosynthetic reactions work together. • The light-dependent reactions trap sunlight energy in chemical form. • The Calvin cycle uses that chemical energy to produce stable, high-energy sugars from carbon dioxide and water. ...
... The two sets of photosynthetic reactions work together. • The light-dependent reactions trap sunlight energy in chemical form. • The Calvin cycle uses that chemical energy to produce stable, high-energy sugars from carbon dioxide and water. ...
Photosynthesis: CO assimilation and sugar metabolism
... UDP-glucose plus fructose-6-phpsphate form Sucrose-Phosphate. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme, Sucrose Phosphate Synthase. ...
... UDP-glucose plus fructose-6-phpsphate form Sucrose-Phosphate. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme, Sucrose Phosphate Synthase. ...
SN1 Question Paper Sum 2007
... (ii) Name the type of reaction that will break down the triglyceride into its constituent parts during digestion by lipase enzymes. ...
... (ii) Name the type of reaction that will break down the triglyceride into its constituent parts during digestion by lipase enzymes. ...
uptake of nutrients-2014
... participate in chemotaxis (see pp. 66–68), bind the molecule to be transported and then interact with the membrane transport proteins to move the solute molecule inside the cell. E. coli transports a variety of sugars (arabinose, maltose, galactose, ribose) and amino acids (glutamate, histidine, leu ...
... participate in chemotaxis (see pp. 66–68), bind the molecule to be transported and then interact with the membrane transport proteins to move the solute molecule inside the cell. E. coli transports a variety of sugars (arabinose, maltose, galactose, ribose) and amino acids (glutamate, histidine, leu ...
Overview on Reactions with Multi
... most important issues of the 21st century, the chemical industry has to adapt to new rules and laws. It is important to develop new processes that will generate less waste, use less energy, resources and water, which will also positively affect the environment, and lower the process costs as well. T ...
... most important issues of the 21st century, the chemical industry has to adapt to new rules and laws. It is important to develop new processes that will generate less waste, use less energy, resources and water, which will also positively affect the environment, and lower the process costs as well. T ...
Lec 11: Fatty acid degradation
... other less‐common fatty acids are degraded in the peroxisome (like α‐oxidation for phytol) Key difference: 1. Instead of passing electrons from FADH2 to ETC, electrons are passed to O2, forming H2O2. Since H2O2 is strong oxidizing agent, it is immediately cleaved to O2 and H2O by catalase. 2. S ...
... other less‐common fatty acids are degraded in the peroxisome (like α‐oxidation for phytol) Key difference: 1. Instead of passing electrons from FADH2 to ETC, electrons are passed to O2, forming H2O2. Since H2O2 is strong oxidizing agent, it is immediately cleaved to O2 and H2O by catalase. 2. S ...
Acid-base equilibrium in organism
... placed into a solvent such as water and the individual components dissociate due to the thermodynamic interactions between solvent and solute molecules, in a process called solvation. It is also possible for substances to react with water when they are added to it, producing ions ...
... placed into a solvent such as water and the individual components dissociate due to the thermodynamic interactions between solvent and solute molecules, in a process called solvation. It is also possible for substances to react with water when they are added to it, producing ions ...
Organic Review Worksheet and Problem Set
... carbon atom in methane loses hydrogen atoms but gains oxygen atoms. By gaining oxygen atoms, the carbon is oxidized. Meanwhile, the oxygen molecule (O2) loses an oxygen atom but gains hydrogen atoms. By losing oxygen atoms, the O2 molecule is reduced. Thus, one common definition of oxidation is “the ...
... carbon atom in methane loses hydrogen atoms but gains oxygen atoms. By gaining oxygen atoms, the carbon is oxidized. Meanwhile, the oxygen molecule (O2) loses an oxygen atom but gains hydrogen atoms. By losing oxygen atoms, the O2 molecule is reduced. Thus, one common definition of oxidation is “the ...
Vitamin-similar substances
... variety of formulas) as an anti-aging ingredient that replaces some of the natural antioxidant produced by the body, whether ingested or applied topically. When applied topically, Ubiquinone is thought to penetrate the skin easily, and reduce free radical damage via its antioxidant properties. • Ubi ...
... variety of formulas) as an anti-aging ingredient that replaces some of the natural antioxidant produced by the body, whether ingested or applied topically. When applied topically, Ubiquinone is thought to penetrate the skin easily, and reduce free radical damage via its antioxidant properties. • Ubi ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... surface so that the hydrophilic surfaces are in contact with water. The hydrophobic molecules are enclosed in the interior. The lone hydroxyl group of cholesterol molecules is oriented towards the outer surface shown here as black dots. Chylomicrons bind to membrane bound lipoprotein lipases located ...
... surface so that the hydrophilic surfaces are in contact with water. The hydrophobic molecules are enclosed in the interior. The lone hydroxyl group of cholesterol molecules is oriented towards the outer surface shown here as black dots. Chylomicrons bind to membrane bound lipoprotein lipases located ...
Chapter 24
... – found in mouth and intestinal tract of warmblooded animals, in sewage, and in insects ...
... – found in mouth and intestinal tract of warmblooded animals, in sewage, and in insects ...
Honors Biology Study Guide for Final Exam
... Compare and contrast the structures found in plant and animal cells ...
... Compare and contrast the structures found in plant and animal cells ...
AP Biology Exam Description: Goals have been set by the College
... process of natural selection. Evolution accounts for the diversity of life on Earth. Example: Widespread use of antibiotics has selected for antibiotic resistance in disease-causing bacteria. III. Energy Transfer—Energy is the capacity to do work. All living organisms are active (living) because of ...
... process of natural selection. Evolution accounts for the diversity of life on Earth. Example: Widespread use of antibiotics has selected for antibiotic resistance in disease-causing bacteria. III. Energy Transfer—Energy is the capacity to do work. All living organisms are active (living) because of ...
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
... Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. • Cellular respiration is aerobic, or requires oxygen. • Aerobic stages take place in mitochondria. ...
... Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. • Cellular respiration is aerobic, or requires oxygen. • Aerobic stages take place in mitochondria. ...
Jalview Homework
... 6. You should see all of the sequences stacked on top of each other in the window that pops up. Go to the “Web Service” option of the window and select “ClustalW Multiple Alignment”. You must be connected to the internet in order for the data to be sent to the server that will perform the multiple a ...
... 6. You should see all of the sequences stacked on top of each other in the window that pops up. Go to the “Web Service” option of the window and select “ClustalW Multiple Alignment”. You must be connected to the internet in order for the data to be sent to the server that will perform the multiple a ...
Bioinformatics in Computer Sciences at NJIT
... consisting of four letters: A, C, G, and T. They could be very long, e.g. thousands and even millions of letters • Proteins are also represented as strings of 20 letters (each letter is an amino acid). Their 3-D structure determines the function to a large extent. ...
... consisting of four letters: A, C, G, and T. They could be very long, e.g. thousands and even millions of letters • Proteins are also represented as strings of 20 letters (each letter is an amino acid). Their 3-D structure determines the function to a large extent. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.