Role of the glutamine transaminase-m-amidase
... (b) the soluble K-form (kidney) whose major substrates include glutamine, phenylalanine, methionine and the corresponding 2-0x0-acids ; and (c) the mitochondria1 Kform which differs from the soluble form with respect to certain physical properties (Cooper & Meister, 1981). The presence of glutamine ...
... (b) the soluble K-form (kidney) whose major substrates include glutamine, phenylalanine, methionine and the corresponding 2-0x0-acids ; and (c) the mitochondria1 Kform which differs from the soluble form with respect to certain physical properties (Cooper & Meister, 1981). The presence of glutamine ...
Evidence of separate pathways for lactate uptake and release by the
... and same buffer collected after passing through the heart (B). In this example, the palmitate concentration was 0.32 mM. Note that doublet centered on 1.3 ppm is from unlabeled lactate, i.e., [3-12C]lactate and the pair of doublets at ⬃1.43 and 1.16 ppm are from [3-13C]lactate. Therefore, the ratio ...
... and same buffer collected after passing through the heart (B). In this example, the palmitate concentration was 0.32 mM. Note that doublet centered on 1.3 ppm is from unlabeled lactate, i.e., [3-12C]lactate and the pair of doublets at ⬃1.43 and 1.16 ppm are from [3-13C]lactate. Therefore, the ratio ...
Production of L-(+) Lactic Acid From Blackstrap Molasses by
... ladic acid in batch fermentations, pH 5.5. Molasses clarification reduced ladle add produdlon by 53%. Inversion of the sucrose in molasses with 0.2% invertase resulted in lactic add production of a molar conversion of 1.99, with no residual sugars. Invertase also aded as a better nutrient supplement ...
... ladic acid in batch fermentations, pH 5.5. Molasses clarification reduced ladle add produdlon by 53%. Inversion of the sucrose in molasses with 0.2% invertase resulted in lactic add production of a molar conversion of 1.99, with no residual sugars. Invertase also aded as a better nutrient supplement ...
Streptococcus faecium - International Journal of Systematic and
... The DNA base compositions, serological groups, and peptidoglycan types of the test strains are shown in Table 1. The enterococci studied (Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus faecium, “Streptococcus avium” , “Streptococcus durans”, and “Streptococcus casselifiavus”) had DNA G +C contents in the ran ...
... The DNA base compositions, serological groups, and peptidoglycan types of the test strains are shown in Table 1. The enterococci studied (Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus faecium, “Streptococcus avium” , “Streptococcus durans”, and “Streptococcus casselifiavus”) had DNA G +C contents in the ran ...
Advances in Environmental Biology
... Partly of the therapeutic values of honey has been credited to its antioxidant properties [19,3]. Honey contains a number of different enzymes either introduced by the bees or originated from the floral nectar. Forager honeybees secrete many enzymes from their glands after filling up their honey cro ...
... Partly of the therapeutic values of honey has been credited to its antioxidant properties [19,3]. Honey contains a number of different enzymes either introduced by the bees or originated from the floral nectar. Forager honeybees secrete many enzymes from their glands after filling up their honey cro ...
Full-Text PDF
... enzymatic polymerization was conducted in the presence of the guest polymers. Since the structure of this polymeric system is similar to the way that a plant vine twines around a rod, this polymerization system has been named “vine-twining polymerization”. Through this approach, amylose supramolecul ...
... enzymatic polymerization was conducted in the presence of the guest polymers. Since the structure of this polymeric system is similar to the way that a plant vine twines around a rod, this polymerization system has been named “vine-twining polymerization”. Through this approach, amylose supramolecul ...
Different lipid A types in lipopolysaccharides of phototrophic and
... the phosphate groups at C-4 and C-1 by 4aminoarabinose and D-arabinofuranose, respectively. Interestingly, the genealogically more distant species, R. gelatinosus, can be differentiated from R. tenuis by the chain length of ester-bound fatty acids (R. gelatinosus: 12 : 0 and 14 : 0; R. tenuis: 12:0 ...
... the phosphate groups at C-4 and C-1 by 4aminoarabinose and D-arabinofuranose, respectively. Interestingly, the genealogically more distant species, R. gelatinosus, can be differentiated from R. tenuis by the chain length of ester-bound fatty acids (R. gelatinosus: 12 : 0 and 14 : 0; R. tenuis: 12:0 ...
Chemistry and Biology of Biosynthetic Diels–Alder Reactions
... The Diels–Alder reaction is a powerful reaction for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in synthetic organic chemistry which allows facile, stereospecific entry into sixmembered ring systems.[1] The structures of various secondary metabolites have led to an array of provocative proposals which sugg ...
... The Diels–Alder reaction is a powerful reaction for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in synthetic organic chemistry which allows facile, stereospecific entry into sixmembered ring systems.[1] The structures of various secondary metabolites have led to an array of provocative proposals which sugg ...
Biosynthetic Diels–Alder Reactions
... The Diels–Alder reaction is a powerful reaction for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in synthetic organic chemistry which allows facile, stereospecific entry into sixmembered ring systems.[1] The structures of various secondary metabolites have led to an array of provocative proposals which sugg ...
... The Diels–Alder reaction is a powerful reaction for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in synthetic organic chemistry which allows facile, stereospecific entry into sixmembered ring systems.[1] The structures of various secondary metabolites have led to an array of provocative proposals which sugg ...
Dietary tryptophan depletion in humans using a simplified two amino
... blood-brain barrier (BBB), it is synthesized from its physiological precursor, the amino acid (AA) TRP, in the brain. A small proportion of TRP reaches the central nervous system through passive diffusion. The majority of free TRP uses the active transport system L-1, a carrier in the capillary cell ...
... blood-brain barrier (BBB), it is synthesized from its physiological precursor, the amino acid (AA) TRP, in the brain. A small proportion of TRP reaches the central nervous system through passive diffusion. The majority of free TRP uses the active transport system L-1, a carrier in the capillary cell ...
Hormone sensitive lipase: structure, function and
... acids (FFA). In addition, it has hydrolyzing activity against cholesterol esters. In this sight it is not remarkable that HSL is not only found in adipose tissue, but also in tissues that store cholesterol esters. In these tissues HSL plays a key role in the cholesterol metabolism. HSL is regulated ...
... acids (FFA). In addition, it has hydrolyzing activity against cholesterol esters. In this sight it is not remarkable that HSL is not only found in adipose tissue, but also in tissues that store cholesterol esters. In these tissues HSL plays a key role in the cholesterol metabolism. HSL is regulated ...
Lectins, as non-self-recognition factors, in crustaceans
... self-glycoproteins ŽThiel and Reid, 1989.. This observation is related to the equatorial orientation of the C3–OH and C4–OH groups of the sugar moiety ŽWeis and Drickamer, 1996., a configuration represented in the hexoses N-acetylglucosamine ŽGlcNAc., glucose and fucose as well as mannose. Combinati ...
... self-glycoproteins ŽThiel and Reid, 1989.. This observation is related to the equatorial orientation of the C3–OH and C4–OH groups of the sugar moiety ŽWeis and Drickamer, 1996., a configuration represented in the hexoses N-acetylglucosamine ŽGlcNAc., glucose and fucose as well as mannose. Combinati ...
Technical Brief
... derived from a word of the Krobo language from Ghana and refers to a child displaced from the breast by the birth of a younger sibling. 3 The paper was not the first to describe this form of oedematous malnutrition. Arguably it had been known under different names in different languages back to bibl ...
... derived from a word of the Krobo language from Ghana and refers to a child displaced from the breast by the birth of a younger sibling. 3 The paper was not the first to describe this form of oedematous malnutrition. Arguably it had been known under different names in different languages back to bibl ...
The Handbook of Redox Biochemistry- ESA, Inc.
... oxygen. They obtain their energy either by oxidative phosphorylation or fermentation and do not require oxygen for synthesis. When oxygen is lacking this group of organisms can oxidize some organic compounds (which act as both electron donors and acceptors) with a small release of energy, in a proce ...
... oxygen. They obtain their energy either by oxidative phosphorylation or fermentation and do not require oxygen for synthesis. When oxygen is lacking this group of organisms can oxidize some organic compounds (which act as both electron donors and acceptors) with a small release of energy, in a proce ...
Exploring the directionality of Escherichia coli formate
... acid fermentation Escherichia coli produces formate, which is initially excreted out the cell. Accumulation of formate, and dropping extracellular pH, leads to biosynthesis of the formate hydrogenlyase (FHL) complex. FHL consists of membrane and soluble domains anchored within the inner membrane. Th ...
... acid fermentation Escherichia coli produces formate, which is initially excreted out the cell. Accumulation of formate, and dropping extracellular pH, leads to biosynthesis of the formate hydrogenlyase (FHL) complex. FHL consists of membrane and soluble domains anchored within the inner membrane. Th ...
Substrate Specificity of Tonin from Rat Submaxillary Gland
... angiotensin I. On the basis of these findings tonin has to be classified as a highly specific endopeptidase. The Km values of tonin for (des-Aspl)-angiotensin I and angiotensin I are almost identical, whereas that of (desAsp',des-Arg')-angiotensin I is approximately doubled compared to the values ob ...
... angiotensin I. On the basis of these findings tonin has to be classified as a highly specific endopeptidase. The Km values of tonin for (des-Aspl)-angiotensin I and angiotensin I are almost identical, whereas that of (desAsp',des-Arg')-angiotensin I is approximately doubled compared to the values ob ...
Document
... gum, flour and etc.). The term “gum” is used to describe a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides and/or proteins originated from different sources (i.e. animal, plant and microbial). Natural plant gums are usually safe for oral consumption and are preferred over analogous synthetic gums due t ...
... gum, flour and etc.). The term “gum” is used to describe a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides and/or proteins originated from different sources (i.e. animal, plant and microbial). Natural plant gums are usually safe for oral consumption and are preferred over analogous synthetic gums due t ...
nutritional biochemistry
... Vitamins are heterogeneous group of compounds i.e., they do not have any chemical or structural similarities. They take part in diverse biochemical reactions, thus perform many different metabolic functions in body. The commonalities which are the very essence of bringing them together as a group of ...
... Vitamins are heterogeneous group of compounds i.e., they do not have any chemical or structural similarities. They take part in diverse biochemical reactions, thus perform many different metabolic functions in body. The commonalities which are the very essence of bringing them together as a group of ...
please refer to anzfa`s guide to applications and proposals for a
... (C17:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:1), and of the acetylated amino acids N-acetyl glutamate (NAGlu) and N-acetyl aspartate (NAAsp). Standard 1.5.2 of the Code states that there could be additional labelling requirements for GM food where the genetic modification has resulted in one or more signific ...
... (C17:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:1), and of the acetylated amino acids N-acetyl glutamate (NAGlu) and N-acetyl aspartate (NAAsp). Standard 1.5.2 of the Code states that there could be additional labelling requirements for GM food where the genetic modification has resulted in one or more signific ...
allyl cysteine sulphoxide
... for the production of cis- propenyl cysteine sulphoxide, however it should theoretically to produce both ‘cis’ and ‘trans’ isomers. It was decided to search the reaction products for the biological ‘trans’ isomer. This was successful and this synthetic method has been used, together with repeated ...
... for the production of cis- propenyl cysteine sulphoxide, however it should theoretically to produce both ‘cis’ and ‘trans’ isomers. It was decided to search the reaction products for the biological ‘trans’ isomer. This was successful and this synthetic method has been used, together with repeated ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.