Case Study Powerpoints - Westford Academy Ap Bio
... When substrates are in active site, enzyme undergoes conformational change Conformational change brings chemical groups of active site into position to enhance their ability to catalyze reaction When reaction complete, resulting molecules released and enzyme takes on previous conformation for ...
... When substrates are in active site, enzyme undergoes conformational change Conformational change brings chemical groups of active site into position to enhance their ability to catalyze reaction When reaction complete, resulting molecules released and enzyme takes on previous conformation for ...
Proteins are made of chains of amino acids
... function? Also: • What makes hair straight or curly and how do perms work? • Why is it important to eat different types of food to supply our protein needs? ...
... function? Also: • What makes hair straight or curly and how do perms work? • Why is it important to eat different types of food to supply our protein needs? ...
Fatty acids: Review
... synthesis using a biotin-mediated reaction mechanism that carboxylates acetyl CoA to form the C3 compound malonyl CoA. The activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase is regulated by both reversible phosphorylation (the active conformation is dephosphorylated) and allosteric mechanisms (citrate binding stimu ...
... synthesis using a biotin-mediated reaction mechanism that carboxylates acetyl CoA to form the C3 compound malonyl CoA. The activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase is regulated by both reversible phosphorylation (the active conformation is dephosphorylated) and allosteric mechanisms (citrate binding stimu ...
Amino Acid Cost and Codon-Usage Biases in 6 Prokaryotic
... Some regions of a protein’s primary structure are under strong selective pressure (e.g., active sites), making the observation of even conservative substitutions uncommon in naturally occurring populations, whereas other regions of proteins are much more likely to display sequence variability (Axe 2 ...
... Some regions of a protein’s primary structure are under strong selective pressure (e.g., active sites), making the observation of even conservative substitutions uncommon in naturally occurring populations, whereas other regions of proteins are much more likely to display sequence variability (Axe 2 ...
Substrate
... enantiomers or a racemic mixture were used. Due to the release of free acid by an active esterase, a drop of pH leading to a color change from red to yellow can be followed spectrophotometrically by measuring a decrease in A558 nm and an increase in A435 nm (Fig. S6). The change in A435 nm is direct ...
... enantiomers or a racemic mixture were used. Due to the release of free acid by an active esterase, a drop of pH leading to a color change from red to yellow can be followed spectrophotometrically by measuring a decrease in A558 nm and an increase in A435 nm (Fig. S6). The change in A435 nm is direct ...
Glycolysis
... NADH is oxidized to NAD+. Lactate, in addition to being an end-product of fermentation, serves as a mobile form of nutrient energy, & possibly as a signal molecule in mammalian organisms. Cell membranes contain carrier proteins that facilitate transport of lactate. ...
... NADH is oxidized to NAD+. Lactate, in addition to being an end-product of fermentation, serves as a mobile form of nutrient energy, & possibly as a signal molecule in mammalian organisms. Cell membranes contain carrier proteins that facilitate transport of lactate. ...
Lecture 3: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
... executing “programmed cell death” or “apoptosis”. Matrix is the liquid part present in the inner most compartment of the mitochondria and it contains ribosome, DNA, RNA, enzymes to run Kreb’s cycle and other proteins. Mitochondrial DNA is circular and it has full machinery to synthesize its own RNA ...
... executing “programmed cell death” or “apoptosis”. Matrix is the liquid part present in the inner most compartment of the mitochondria and it contains ribosome, DNA, RNA, enzymes to run Kreb’s cycle and other proteins. Mitochondrial DNA is circular and it has full machinery to synthesize its own RNA ...
Megaloblastic Anemias
... methyl & formyl groups to various organic compounds. They are usually transferred from serine that reacts with tetrahydrofolate to produce glycine & methyl tetrahydrofolate or from formiminoglutamic acid to produce formiminotetrahydrofolate & glutamic acid. This is essential for synthesis of purines ...
... methyl & formyl groups to various organic compounds. They are usually transferred from serine that reacts with tetrahydrofolate to produce glycine & methyl tetrahydrofolate or from formiminoglutamic acid to produce formiminotetrahydrofolate & glutamic acid. This is essential for synthesis of purines ...
Name:________________________ Part A (2 pts each, 34 Pts) ; Multiple Choice. ...
... single good example of an exception in the space provided. If the rule actually applies without exception, state “ No exceptions” in the space provided. 1. Oxidative phosphorylation in all organisms requires the presence of oxygen as an electron acceptor. Exception, many organisms can use alternativ ...
... single good example of an exception in the space provided. If the rule actually applies without exception, state “ No exceptions” in the space provided. 1. Oxidative phosphorylation in all organisms requires the presence of oxygen as an electron acceptor. Exception, many organisms can use alternativ ...
Chapter 2 Cell Structure and Function
... 3.3 Cellular Metabolism Chemical reactions in cell are organized into metabolic pathways where every reaction has its own enzyme. Enzymes and Coenzymes Enzymes are named for their substrates and have an active site specific for the substrate. Many enzymes have nonprotein molecules, called coenzymes, ...
... 3.3 Cellular Metabolism Chemical reactions in cell are organized into metabolic pathways where every reaction has its own enzyme. Enzymes and Coenzymes Enzymes are named for their substrates and have an active site specific for the substrate. Many enzymes have nonprotein molecules, called coenzymes, ...
Lect 9: BioMacromolecular Visualization I: Principles - BIDD
... Knowledge of their structure useful for drug design ...
... Knowledge of their structure useful for drug design ...
Chapter 2 Cell Structure and Function
... 3.3 Cellular Metabolism Chemical reactions in cell are organized into metabolic pathways where every reaction has its own enzyme. Enzymes and Coenzymes Enzymes are named for their substrates and have an active site specific for the substrate. Many enzymes have nonprotein molecules, called coenzymes, ...
... 3.3 Cellular Metabolism Chemical reactions in cell are organized into metabolic pathways where every reaction has its own enzyme. Enzymes and Coenzymes Enzymes are named for their substrates and have an active site specific for the substrate. Many enzymes have nonprotein molecules, called coenzymes, ...
Cellular Respiration Jigsaw Activity Hand each student a standard
... 2) In the absence of oxygen, fermentation occurs, in which more ATP is produced. ...
... 2) In the absence of oxygen, fermentation occurs, in which more ATP is produced. ...
Alternative routes of acetyl-CoA synthesis identified
... generation of precursors for fatty acid and lipid synthesis, particularly acetyl-CoA, were then identified that were not present in the non-oleaginous strains. We found a set of the orthologous oleaginous proteins that was responsible for the biosynthesis of this key two-carbon metabolite through ci ...
... generation of precursors for fatty acid and lipid synthesis, particularly acetyl-CoA, were then identified that were not present in the non-oleaginous strains. We found a set of the orthologous oleaginous proteins that was responsible for the biosynthesis of this key two-carbon metabolite through ci ...
Glycolysis
... Local control of metabolism involves regulatory effects of varied concentrations of pathway substrates or intermediates, to benefit the cell. Global control is for the benefit of the whole organism, & often involves hormone-activated signal cascades. Liver cells have major roles in metabolism, i ...
... Local control of metabolism involves regulatory effects of varied concentrations of pathway substrates or intermediates, to benefit the cell. Global control is for the benefit of the whole organism, & often involves hormone-activated signal cascades. Liver cells have major roles in metabolism, i ...
Metabolism of Lipids
... Metabolism of glycogen in the hepatic cells once fats enter the liver, they have two distinct fates: activated to acyl-Co-A and oxidized, or esterified to glycerol in the production of triacylglycerols in cytoplasm. If the liver has sufficient supplies of glycerol3 phosphate by glucose metabolism, m ...
... Metabolism of glycogen in the hepatic cells once fats enter the liver, they have two distinct fates: activated to acyl-Co-A and oxidized, or esterified to glycerol in the production of triacylglycerols in cytoplasm. If the liver has sufficient supplies of glycerol3 phosphate by glucose metabolism, m ...
Cell Injury
... righteousness, He will give their (due) rewards, and more, out of His bounty: But those who are disdainful and arrogant, He will punish with a grievous penalty; Nor will they find, besides God, any to protect or help them. [004:173] ...
... righteousness, He will give their (due) rewards, and more, out of His bounty: But those who are disdainful and arrogant, He will punish with a grievous penalty; Nor will they find, besides God, any to protect or help them. [004:173] ...
Biol 115 DNA, the Thread of Life
... • The genetic code is redundant but not ambiguous; no codon specifies more than one amino acid The amino acids specified by each mRNA codon. Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. The codons are written 5' to 3', as they appear in the mRNA. AUG is an initiation codon; UAA, UAG, and UGA ar ...
... • The genetic code is redundant but not ambiguous; no codon specifies more than one amino acid The amino acids specified by each mRNA codon. Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. The codons are written 5' to 3', as they appear in the mRNA. AUG is an initiation codon; UAA, UAG, and UGA ar ...
Enzymes
... 3. Finish the sentence: There will/will not be a difference in the mass and appearance of the candy after 15 minutes because… Now let’s get to the candy!!! Remember, do not suck on it!!! ...
... 3. Finish the sentence: There will/will not be a difference in the mass and appearance of the candy after 15 minutes because… Now let’s get to the candy!!! Remember, do not suck on it!!! ...
Validation of an HPLC method for the determination of
... determination of amino acids.4–26 Mostly, the methods were based on the technology developed by Moore and Stein,4 which includes post-column derivatisation and detection in the visible region on an amino acid analyser. These analyses are reliable, but costly and time-consuming.9 The HPLC technique, ...
... determination of amino acids.4–26 Mostly, the methods were based on the technology developed by Moore and Stein,4 which includes post-column derivatisation and detection in the visible region on an amino acid analyser. These analyses are reliable, but costly and time-consuming.9 The HPLC technique, ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.