PLASMA PROTEINS Plasma is non-cellular portion of blood. The
... Two types of nucleic acids are present in all mammalian cells including humans. They are DNA-deoxy ribonucleic acid and RNA-ribonucleic acid. DNA is present in nucleus and mitochondria. RNA is present in nucleus and cytoplasm. Nucleic acids are also present in bacteria, viruses and plants. MEDICAL A ...
... Two types of nucleic acids are present in all mammalian cells including humans. They are DNA-deoxy ribonucleic acid and RNA-ribonucleic acid. DNA is present in nucleus and mitochondria. RNA is present in nucleus and cytoplasm. Nucleic acids are also present in bacteria, viruses and plants. MEDICAL A ...
Polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulate hepatic UCP
... this hypothesis. UCP-2, like UCP-1, has been shown to be able to dissipate the proton gradient when overexpressed in yeast or reconstituted in vesicles with coenzyme Q (12, 13, 16). Also, there is indirect evidence in primary hepatocytes suggesting that UCP-2 is capable of dissipating the mitochondr ...
... this hypothesis. UCP-2, like UCP-1, has been shown to be able to dissipate the proton gradient when overexpressed in yeast or reconstituted in vesicles with coenzyme Q (12, 13, 16). Also, there is indirect evidence in primary hepatocytes suggesting that UCP-2 is capable of dissipating the mitochondr ...
Specific Activities of Enzymes of the Serine Pathway of Carbon
... organisms when grown on methylamine possessed elevated activities of the enzymes serine hydroxymethyltransferase, hydroxypyruvate reductase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, serineglyoxylate aminotransferase and ATP malate lyase (Hersh & Bellion, 1972). The ratio of specific ac ...
... organisms when grown on methylamine possessed elevated activities of the enzymes serine hydroxymethyltransferase, hydroxypyruvate reductase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, serineglyoxylate aminotransferase and ATP malate lyase (Hersh & Bellion, 1972). The ratio of specific ac ...
HS-SCI-APB-Unit 2 -- Chapter 8- Introduction to
... A logical consequence of the loss of usable energy during energy transfer or transformation is that each such event makes the universe more disordered. Scientists use a quantity called entropy as a measure of disorder, or randomness. The more randomly arranged a collection of matter is, the greater ...
... A logical consequence of the loss of usable energy during energy transfer or transformation is that each such event makes the universe more disordered. Scientists use a quantity called entropy as a measure of disorder, or randomness. The more randomly arranged a collection of matter is, the greater ...
An ACP-Independent Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway in Archaea
... Mol. Biol. Evol. 29(11):3261–3265 doi:10.1093/molbev/mss160 Advance Access publication June 19, 2012 ...
... Mol. Biol. Evol. 29(11):3261–3265 doi:10.1093/molbev/mss160 Advance Access publication June 19, 2012 ...
nucleicacidmetabolism
... dephosphorylations can and do occur ADP and GDP can be reduced to dADP and dGDP AMP can deaminated to IMP (new) IMP can be aminated to AMP IMP can oxidized to XMP XMP can be aminated to GMP Guanine, adenine can be phosphoribosylated to GMP and AMP Nucleic Acid Metabolism ...
... dephosphorylations can and do occur ADP and GDP can be reduced to dADP and dGDP AMP can deaminated to IMP (new) IMP can be aminated to AMP IMP can oxidized to XMP XMP can be aminated to GMP Guanine, adenine can be phosphoribosylated to GMP and AMP Nucleic Acid Metabolism ...
September 27 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... 3. Which of the following is one of the ways that the membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold? ...
... 3. Which of the following is one of the ways that the membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold? ...
Clinical Enzymology
... Hence most of the enzymes are measured by coupled assay. A coupled assay is one in which a second enzyme is used to act on the product of the enzyme of primary interest. Second enzyme used NADH as coenzyme. The rate can be followed by measuring oxidation of NADH which can be done conveniently ...
... Hence most of the enzymes are measured by coupled assay. A coupled assay is one in which a second enzyme is used to act on the product of the enzyme of primary interest. Second enzyme used NADH as coenzyme. The rate can be followed by measuring oxidation of NADH which can be done conveniently ...
DNA / RNA
... In the process of transcription DNA is used to make a complimentary strand of RNA o The WHOLE strand of DNA doesn’t get turned into RNA at once o Instead, as needed, small sections of DNA are transcribed into RNA • Sections are called??? ...
... In the process of transcription DNA is used to make a complimentary strand of RNA o The WHOLE strand of DNA doesn’t get turned into RNA at once o Instead, as needed, small sections of DNA are transcribed into RNA • Sections are called??? ...
Respiration - Biology Junction
... 4. The inner mitochondrial membrane couples electron transport to ATP synthesis: a closer look • Only 4 of 38 ATP ultimately produced by respiration of glucose are derived from substrate-level phosphorylation. • The vast majority of the ATP comes from the energy in the electrons carried by NADH (an ...
... 4. The inner mitochondrial membrane couples electron transport to ATP synthesis: a closer look • Only 4 of 38 ATP ultimately produced by respiration of glucose are derived from substrate-level phosphorylation. • The vast majority of the ATP comes from the energy in the electrons carried by NADH (an ...
Metabolic flexibility and carnitine flux: The role of carnitine
... acyl-CoA (mainly acetyl-CoA) and carnitine to free CoA and short-chain acylcarnitine (mainly acetylcarnitine). Unlike acyl-CoA, these metabolites can cross mitochondrial and cellular membranes with ease. CrAT resides principally in the mitochondrial matrix, where it regulates the flux of acetyl-CoA. ...
... acyl-CoA (mainly acetyl-CoA) and carnitine to free CoA and short-chain acylcarnitine (mainly acetylcarnitine). Unlike acyl-CoA, these metabolites can cross mitochondrial and cellular membranes with ease. CrAT resides principally in the mitochondrial matrix, where it regulates the flux of acetyl-CoA. ...
Chemistry
... Knowledge and understanding of science, scientific literacy and scientific methods are necessary for students to develop skills to resolve questions about their natural and constructed world. The purpose of science education is to develop scientific literacy, helping students: to be interested in, a ...
... Knowledge and understanding of science, scientific literacy and scientific methods are necessary for students to develop skills to resolve questions about their natural and constructed world. The purpose of science education is to develop scientific literacy, helping students: to be interested in, a ...
6-Catabolism of Pyrimidine Nucleotides
... Both b-alanine, and b-aminoisobutyrate can be further converted into acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA, respectively, or are excreted in the urine. ...
... Both b-alanine, and b-aminoisobutyrate can be further converted into acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA, respectively, or are excreted in the urine. ...
Practical part
... Biochemistry of mineralization of tooth enamel. Biochemical events in process of demineralization and tooth decay ...
... Biochemistry of mineralization of tooth enamel. Biochemical events in process of demineralization and tooth decay ...
Regulation of metabolic products and gene expression in Fusarium
... are found in temperate regions of Asia, where the annual average temperature is over 15 °C and FHB epidemics occur most frequently (Zhang et al. 2010). DONs are heat-stable molecules that are not eliminated during the processes currently used in food manufacture. The most efficient way to reduce or ...
... are found in temperate regions of Asia, where the annual average temperature is over 15 °C and FHB epidemics occur most frequently (Zhang et al. 2010). DONs are heat-stable molecules that are not eliminated during the processes currently used in food manufacture. The most efficient way to reduce or ...
0 - Microbiology
... equilibrium to the glutamate side. Effect of temperature. The rate of the leucine-a-ketoglutarate reaction was found to increase linearly over the range 25-37' with a temperature coefficient of 1.98. Above 37' the rate of increase was diminished. Effect of pH. The influence of pH on transamination v ...
... equilibrium to the glutamate side. Effect of temperature. The rate of the leucine-a-ketoglutarate reaction was found to increase linearly over the range 25-37' with a temperature coefficient of 1.98. Above 37' the rate of increase was diminished. Effect of pH. The influence of pH on transamination v ...
2.6 Non-aqueous titration
... The types of compounds that may be titrated as acids include acid halides, acid anhydrides, carboxylic acids, amino acids, enols such as barbiturates and xanthines, imides, phenols, pyrroles, and sulfonamides. The types of compounds that may be titrated as bases include amines, nitrogen-containing h ...
... The types of compounds that may be titrated as acids include acid halides, acid anhydrides, carboxylic acids, amino acids, enols such as barbiturates and xanthines, imides, phenols, pyrroles, and sulfonamides. The types of compounds that may be titrated as bases include amines, nitrogen-containing h ...
Fig. 1. Molecular structures for some phospholipids
... selectivity for this process, so that for example the linolenic fatty acid residues are all hydrogenated before the linoleic residues. There is also a selectivity between lipid bilayers wiich contain little or no cholesterol compared with bilayers containing appreciable amounts o cholesterol. This i ...
... selectivity for this process, so that for example the linolenic fatty acid residues are all hydrogenated before the linoleic residues. There is also a selectivity between lipid bilayers wiich contain little or no cholesterol compared with bilayers containing appreciable amounts o cholesterol. This i ...
Document
... • Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol where glucose is broken down into two three-carbon molecules of pyruvate. • Molecules like fructose, amino acids, and free fatty acids can be used as fuel by the cells. • These molecules enter glycolysis later in the pathway or by chemical conversion to one of the ...
... • Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol where glucose is broken down into two three-carbon molecules of pyruvate. • Molecules like fructose, amino acids, and free fatty acids can be used as fuel by the cells. • These molecules enter glycolysis later in the pathway or by chemical conversion to one of the ...
File
... • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts Copyright ...
... • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts Copyright ...
Molecular Pathways: Fatty Acid Synthase
... analyses to show that in certain tumor cell lines, the inhibition of FASN led to a reduction of specific diacylglycerols (DAG; ref. 23). As DAGs normally stimulate PKC; by reducing their levels, the activity of PKC was reduced ultimately leading to apoptosis of the cells. Conversely, in tumor cells t ...
... analyses to show that in certain tumor cell lines, the inhibition of FASN led to a reduction of specific diacylglycerols (DAG; ref. 23). As DAGs normally stimulate PKC; by reducing their levels, the activity of PKC was reduced ultimately leading to apoptosis of the cells. Conversely, in tumor cells t ...
The highest level of confidence
... industry’s most extensive service and support organization. With a network of service professionals, experienced compliance specialists, and over 150 PhD application scientists worldwide, we are dedicated to supporting your technical needs and helping you get the most out of your AB SCIEX systems. A ...
... industry’s most extensive service and support organization. With a network of service professionals, experienced compliance specialists, and over 150 PhD application scientists worldwide, we are dedicated to supporting your technical needs and helping you get the most out of your AB SCIEX systems. A ...
CHAPTER 6
... anaerobic and produces pyruvate from glucose via glycolysis (Chapter 18). It needs LDH to regenerate NAD+ from NADH so glycolysis can continue. The lactate produced is released into the blood. The muscle LDH isozyme (A4) works best in the NAD+-regenerating direction. Heart tissue is aerobic and uses ...
... anaerobic and produces pyruvate from glucose via glycolysis (Chapter 18). It needs LDH to regenerate NAD+ from NADH so glycolysis can continue. The lactate produced is released into the blood. The muscle LDH isozyme (A4) works best in the NAD+-regenerating direction. Heart tissue is aerobic and uses ...
CHAPTER 6
... -- adenylate kinase -- oxidative phosphorylation Outer membrane -- transport system -- fatty acid elongation -- fatty acid transport -- fatty acid desaturation Matrix -- phospholipid synthesis -- pyruvate dehydrogenase -- monoamine oxidase complex -- citric acid cycle -- glutathione dehydrogenase -- ...
... -- adenylate kinase -- oxidative phosphorylation Outer membrane -- transport system -- fatty acid elongation -- fatty acid transport -- fatty acid desaturation Matrix -- phospholipid synthesis -- pyruvate dehydrogenase -- monoamine oxidase complex -- citric acid cycle -- glutathione dehydrogenase -- ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.