Lecture 10 - Prediction, Engineering, Design of Protein Structures
... The raw score of an alignment is the sum of the scores for aligning pairs of residues and the scores for gaps. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST use "affine gap costs" which charge the score -a for the existence of a gap, and the score -b for each residue in the gap. Thus a gap of k residues receives a tot ...
... The raw score of an alignment is the sum of the scores for aligning pairs of residues and the scores for gaps. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST use "affine gap costs" which charge the score -a for the existence of a gap, and the score -b for each residue in the gap. Thus a gap of k residues receives a tot ...
Lab5
... TSI agar detects bacteria that can ferment glucose, lactose and/or sucrose, and reduce sulfur. TSI contains a small amount of glucose (0.1%). If an organism only ferments glucose, it will do so very quickly. This will lower the pH and cause a color change by the pH indicator phenol red from red to y ...
... TSI agar detects bacteria that can ferment glucose, lactose and/or sucrose, and reduce sulfur. TSI contains a small amount of glucose (0.1%). If an organism only ferments glucose, it will do so very quickly. This will lower the pH and cause a color change by the pH indicator phenol red from red to y ...
8 - student.ahc.umn.edu
... two electrons. One electron follows the same pathway as in the first cycle-through an iron-sulfur protein and a protein bound cytochrome c1 to cytochrome c. The second electron follows the pathway used by the second electron in the first cycle and ends up converting the free radical back to reduced ...
... two electrons. One electron follows the same pathway as in the first cycle-through an iron-sulfur protein and a protein bound cytochrome c1 to cytochrome c. The second electron follows the pathway used by the second electron in the first cycle and ends up converting the free radical back to reduced ...
References - The University of New Mexico
... of pyruvate vs. lactate. For pH conditions of 6.0 and 7.0, respectively, H+ coefficients (-‘ve values = H+ release) for the creatine kinase, adenylate kinase, AMP deaminase and ATPase reactions were 0.8 and 0.97, -0.13 and -0.02, 1.2 and 1.09, and -0.01 and -0.66, respectively. The glycolytic pathwa ...
... of pyruvate vs. lactate. For pH conditions of 6.0 and 7.0, respectively, H+ coefficients (-‘ve values = H+ release) for the creatine kinase, adenylate kinase, AMP deaminase and ATPase reactions were 0.8 and 0.97, -0.13 and -0.02, 1.2 and 1.09, and -0.01 and -0.66, respectively. The glycolytic pathwa ...
DNA - benanbiology
... – Most DNA molecules consist of millions of base pairs and, consequently, many genes – These genes, many of which are unique to the species, determine the structure of proteins and, thus, life’s structures and functions ...
... – Most DNA molecules consist of millions of base pairs and, consequently, many genes – These genes, many of which are unique to the species, determine the structure of proteins and, thus, life’s structures and functions ...
Carbon Chemistry - North Allegheny School District
... many as four other atoms. When carbon atoms form four covalent bonds, they obtain the stability of a noble gas with eight electrons in their outer energy level. One of carbon’s most frequent partners in forming covalent bonds is hydrogen. Substances can be classified into two groups—those derived fr ...
... many as four other atoms. When carbon atoms form four covalent bonds, they obtain the stability of a noble gas with eight electrons in their outer energy level. One of carbon’s most frequent partners in forming covalent bonds is hydrogen. Substances can be classified into two groups—those derived fr ...
This exam has 8 pages, including this one.
... Sequencing of the intact peptide gave the following: Ala-Gly-Leu-Phe i) There is insufficient information to obtain the sequence of the peptide. Why? (2 pts) ii) What other cleavage reagent would you use to solve this problem? Why? Briefly explain how the new information may allow you to complete th ...
... Sequencing of the intact peptide gave the following: Ala-Gly-Leu-Phe i) There is insufficient information to obtain the sequence of the peptide. Why? (2 pts) ii) What other cleavage reagent would you use to solve this problem? Why? Briefly explain how the new information may allow you to complete th ...
Chapter 14 cycles
... In most environments, the methane produced is utilized by methanotrophic microbes as a source of carbon and energy. The first enzyme in the biodegradation pathway of methane is methane monooxygenase (MMO). This enzyme is of interest because it can aid in the degradation of highly chlorinated materia ...
... In most environments, the methane produced is utilized by methanotrophic microbes as a source of carbon and energy. The first enzyme in the biodegradation pathway of methane is methane monooxygenase (MMO). This enzyme is of interest because it can aid in the degradation of highly chlorinated materia ...
Lactate Inflection Point & Recovery
... This fatigue is generally considered to be a consequence of a greater reliance on the anaerobic systems to supply the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the resultant accumulation of the by-products of anaerobic metabolism Lactic acid and hydrogen ions ...
... This fatigue is generally considered to be a consequence of a greater reliance on the anaerobic systems to supply the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the resultant accumulation of the by-products of anaerobic metabolism Lactic acid and hydrogen ions ...
Design and analysis of metabolic pathways supporting
... specific organisms which are less amenable to industrial use. Another option is direct electron transfer from the cathode to microbes. While this approach has several advantages (reviewed in [13,16]), it is limited to a small group of organisms that can associate directly with the cathode or requires ...
... specific organisms which are less amenable to industrial use. Another option is direct electron transfer from the cathode to microbes. While this approach has several advantages (reviewed in [13,16]), it is limited to a small group of organisms that can associate directly with the cathode or requires ...
Abstract-- Lactic acid bacteria are characterized
... (50%) than that observed in basal medium when GlyGly was incorporated into medium without glycine. In presence of Met-Pro or Leu-Pro as source of methionine or leucine respectively, the final cell concentration was 20% lower as regards to basal medium (Fig. 2A). The growth rates (Fig. 2B) were ident ...
... (50%) than that observed in basal medium when GlyGly was incorporated into medium without glycine. In presence of Met-Pro or Leu-Pro as source of methionine or leucine respectively, the final cell concentration was 20% lower as regards to basal medium (Fig. 2A). The growth rates (Fig. 2B) were ident ...
Movsumov I.S., Garayev E.A. STUDYING OF CHEMICAL
... a linen fibre of domestic (Kaluga, Vologda, Biysk) and import (Dutch) manufactures by infrared spectroscopy method of pectin films having been carried out. The reception of consecutive transformations of free unetherifying and methoxyl forms of galacturonic acid to calcium pectat was been using. It ...
... a linen fibre of domestic (Kaluga, Vologda, Biysk) and import (Dutch) manufactures by infrared spectroscopy method of pectin films having been carried out. The reception of consecutive transformations of free unetherifying and methoxyl forms of galacturonic acid to calcium pectat was been using. It ...
Determination and changes of free amino acids in royal
... ranged from 0.7 to 8. Alanine, valine and glycine showed a rsd higher than 11% due to the volatility of their derivatives. These compounds eluted very early in gas chromatography and their rsd decreased with the increasing GC retention time. The recovery efficiency of the clean-up procedure was also ...
... ranged from 0.7 to 8. Alanine, valine and glycine showed a rsd higher than 11% due to the volatility of their derivatives. These compounds eluted very early in gas chromatography and their rsd decreased with the increasing GC retention time. The recovery efficiency of the clean-up procedure was also ...
The active site
... converts substrates to products depends in part on substrate concentrations At low substrate concentrations, an increase in substrate speeds binding to available active sites – However, there is a limit to how fast a reaction can occur ...
... converts substrates to products depends in part on substrate concentrations At low substrate concentrations, an increase in substrate speeds binding to available active sites – However, there is a limit to how fast a reaction can occur ...
Proton Resonance Frequencies in Several Organophosphorus Acids
... A chain-like polymer involving H-bonded, symmetrical units of VII cannot be elminated from consideration. However, existence of an extended polymer seems less likely since preservation of an structure of this type in a polar medium capable of H-bonding would require that the Hbonds be unusually stro ...
... A chain-like polymer involving H-bonded, symmetrical units of VII cannot be elminated from consideration. However, existence of an extended polymer seems less likely since preservation of an structure of this type in a polar medium capable of H-bonding would require that the Hbonds be unusually stro ...
Passive vs Active transport
... • Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a _________________________. • What is an indicator? • Which molecules are small enough to pass through a cell membrane? starch sugar protein amino acid fat fatty acid ...
... • Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a _________________________. • What is an indicator? • Which molecules are small enough to pass through a cell membrane? starch sugar protein amino acid fat fatty acid ...
Lehninger-Principles-of-Biochemistry-Nelson-5th-Edition-1
... use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemical interplay with their environment; (5) possess programmatically defined functions; and (6) evolve to new forms over many generations. 26. Cellular foundations Page: 3 Difficu ...
... use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemical interplay with their environment; (5) possess programmatically defined functions; and (6) evolve to new forms over many generations. 26. Cellular foundations Page: 3 Difficu ...
structure and function of procaryotic cells
... with separate cellular functions, procaryotes carry out all cellular functions as individual units. A procaryotic cell has five essential structural components: a genome (DNA), ribosomes, cell membrane, cell wall and a surface layer. Other than enzymatic reactions, all the cellular reactions inciden ...
... with separate cellular functions, procaryotes carry out all cellular functions as individual units. A procaryotic cell has five essential structural components: a genome (DNA), ribosomes, cell membrane, cell wall and a surface layer. Other than enzymatic reactions, all the cellular reactions inciden ...
cmc chapter 22
... • A ketone is an organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms. • Ketones are named by changing the –e at the end of the alkane name to –one, and including a number before the name to indicate the position of the ketone group. • Ketones and aldehydes ...
... • A ketone is an organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms. • Ketones are named by changing the –e at the end of the alkane name to –one, and including a number before the name to indicate the position of the ketone group. • Ketones and aldehydes ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.