Defelipe, L.A, Dolghih E, Roitberg A.E., Nouzova M., Mayoral
... nicely to form hydrogen bonds with the Trp-120 indole nitrogen and the amide nitrogen of Gln-14, while their carbon chains reside in a hydrophobic pocket formed by Ile-151, Ile-154, Tyr 155, Leu158, Val-221 and Val-224 (Fig. 4A). Docking results indicated a clear difference in the interaction of (10 ...
... nicely to form hydrogen bonds with the Trp-120 indole nitrogen and the amide nitrogen of Gln-14, while their carbon chains reside in a hydrophobic pocket formed by Ile-151, Ile-154, Tyr 155, Leu158, Val-221 and Val-224 (Fig. 4A). Docking results indicated a clear difference in the interaction of (10 ...
chemistry (9189)
... industrial and laboratory visits relevant to the content of the options chosen. In order to specify the syllabus as precisely as possible and also to emphasise the importance of skills other than recall, learning Outcomes have been used throughout. Each part of the syllabus is specified by a Content ...
... industrial and laboratory visits relevant to the content of the options chosen. In order to specify the syllabus as precisely as possible and also to emphasise the importance of skills other than recall, learning Outcomes have been used throughout. Each part of the syllabus is specified by a Content ...
A novel dipeptidomimetic containing a cyclic threonine.
... Received (in Cambridge, UK) 27th July 2009, Accepted 10th December 2009 First published as an Advance Article on the web 13th January 2010 DOI: 10.1039/b915220b An efficient and simple two-step procedure for the formation of hydroxy-Freidinger lactams is presented. The methodology allows assembly of t ...
... Received (in Cambridge, UK) 27th July 2009, Accepted 10th December 2009 First published as an Advance Article on the web 13th January 2010 DOI: 10.1039/b915220b An efficient and simple two-step procedure for the formation of hydroxy-Freidinger lactams is presented. The methodology allows assembly of t ...
AP UNIT 3
... The Regeneration of ATP • ATP is a renewable resource that is regenerated by addition of a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) • The energy to phosphorylate ADP comes from catabolic reactions in the cell • The chemical potential energy temporarily stored in ATP drives most cellular work ...
... The Regeneration of ATP • ATP is a renewable resource that is regenerated by addition of a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) • The energy to phosphorylate ADP comes from catabolic reactions in the cell • The chemical potential energy temporarily stored in ATP drives most cellular work ...
... An active site may also be identified by introducing mutations in the protein, and see how this affects the enzymatic activity. The amino acid histidine contains an imidazole ring as its side chain, with a pKa value of about 6 in proteins. Histidine is often found in the active site of enzymes, sinc ...
Dr. Walaa AL - Jedda – 2016 Metabolism of Glycogen Glycogen: is
... Glycogen is a large branched polymer consist of D– glucose 1. The linkages between glucose residues are -1, 4 except at branch points where the linkage is -1, 6. Branching is more frequent in the interior of the molecule and less frequent at the periphery, the average being an -1, 6 branch every ...
... Glycogen is a large branched polymer consist of D– glucose 1. The linkages between glucose residues are -1, 4 except at branch points where the linkage is -1, 6. Branching is more frequent in the interior of the molecule and less frequent at the periphery, the average being an -1, 6 branch every ...
Integrated Microbial Genomes
... •Production of novel therapeutic and preventive agents and pathways. •Energy generation and development of renewable energy sources (e.g., methane and hydrogen). •Production of chemical catalysts, reagents, and enzymes to improve efficiency of industrial processes. •Management of environmental carbo ...
... •Production of novel therapeutic and preventive agents and pathways. •Energy generation and development of renewable energy sources (e.g., methane and hydrogen). •Production of chemical catalysts, reagents, and enzymes to improve efficiency of industrial processes. •Management of environmental carbo ...
Dynamics of Protein Metabolism in the Ruminant
... N supplied to the lower tract comes from the recycling of urea and other endogenous protein (sloughed epithelial cells, enzymes and glycoproteins of mucus). Energy substrates come from the residual fermentable fibre, the glycocalyx of rumen microorganisms, starch and other polysaccharides that have ...
... N supplied to the lower tract comes from the recycling of urea and other endogenous protein (sloughed epithelial cells, enzymes and glycoproteins of mucus). Energy substrates come from the residual fermentable fibre, the glycocalyx of rumen microorganisms, starch and other polysaccharides that have ...
Glutathione Conjugation
... GST has a pKa of ~ 6.5 (M)- (P) -7.4 (A). Thus, the nucleophilic GS- is bound, rather than GSH. This is due to a hydrogen bond to a conserved tyrosine (M, P, A), Cys (O) or ser (T). For some A class isoforms, the tyrosine has 'unusual' properties as well.! !structures from each class indicate that s ...
... GST has a pKa of ~ 6.5 (M)- (P) -7.4 (A). Thus, the nucleophilic GS- is bound, rather than GSH. This is due to a hydrogen bond to a conserved tyrosine (M, P, A), Cys (O) or ser (T). For some A class isoforms, the tyrosine has 'unusual' properties as well.! !structures from each class indicate that s ...
Higher plant cellulose synthases | Genome Biology | Full Text
... Gene organization and evolutionary history ...
... Gene organization and evolutionary history ...
Hybrid Antibiotics
... slightly different from that used for the above macrolide compounds. The polyketide synthases synthesizing aromatic polyketides (aromatic PKSs) and found mainly in actinomycetes are multienzymes that are the site of all condensation, reduction and cyclization reactions. The structures of aromatic po ...
... slightly different from that used for the above macrolide compounds. The polyketide synthases synthesizing aromatic polyketides (aromatic PKSs) and found mainly in actinomycetes are multienzymes that are the site of all condensation, reduction and cyclization reactions. The structures of aromatic po ...
Ch 4 Student
... • Limiting Reactant – reactant that is completely consumed and limits amount of product • Reactant in excess – reactant present in greater quantity than limiting reactant • Theoretical Yield – amount of product made based on consumption of all the limiting reactant • Actual Yield – amount of product ...
... • Limiting Reactant – reactant that is completely consumed and limits amount of product • Reactant in excess – reactant present in greater quantity than limiting reactant • Theoretical Yield – amount of product made based on consumption of all the limiting reactant • Actual Yield – amount of product ...
Nutritional Requirements for Rabbits
... are rarely seen in rabbits because they obtain their requirements through bacterial production in the hindgut and its ingestion through caecotrophy. Levels of 1 to 2 ppm vitamin K in the feed is more than adequate for most situations, however supplementation is recommended for pregnant does and thos ...
... are rarely seen in rabbits because they obtain their requirements through bacterial production in the hindgut and its ingestion through caecotrophy. Levels of 1 to 2 ppm vitamin K in the feed is more than adequate for most situations, however supplementation is recommended for pregnant does and thos ...
regulation of fatty acid synthesis
... synthesis must also consider those reactions that precede and follow these two enzyme systems. It is not fully understood which reactions are responsible for providing acetyl-CoA to ACCase, but extensive experiments with leaf tissue indicate that acetyl-CoA synthetase can rapidly convert acetate to ...
... synthesis must also consider those reactions that precede and follow these two enzyme systems. It is not fully understood which reactions are responsible for providing acetyl-CoA to ACCase, but extensive experiments with leaf tissue indicate that acetyl-CoA synthetase can rapidly convert acetate to ...
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency increases fatty acid oxidation
... on energy expenditure and body weight. The signaling pathways that mediate the metabolic effects of leptin remain largely unknown. Leptin has been found to selectively stimulate phosphorylation and activation of the ␣2 catalytic subunit of AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that has been ...
... on energy expenditure and body weight. The signaling pathways that mediate the metabolic effects of leptin remain largely unknown. Leptin has been found to selectively stimulate phosphorylation and activation of the ␣2 catalytic subunit of AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that has been ...
Identification and functional analysis of a prokaryotic-type
... accession number AJ628016). The PpAAT sequence contained a 5¢ untranslated region of 142 nucleotides, an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 491 amino acid residues and a 3¢ non-coding region of 375 nucleotides ending in a short poly(A) tail. The size for the deduced polypeptide was 52.8 kD ...
... accession number AJ628016). The PpAAT sequence contained a 5¢ untranslated region of 142 nucleotides, an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 491 amino acid residues and a 3¢ non-coding region of 375 nucleotides ending in a short poly(A) tail. The size for the deduced polypeptide was 52.8 kD ...
Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino, Acids and Peptides
... indicated by locants (see 3AA-2.2). The configuration, if known, should be indicated (see 3AA-3, 3AA-4). New trivial names should not be coined for newly discovered a-amino acids unless there are compelling reasons. When they are needed (e.g. because the substance is important and its semisystematic ...
... indicated by locants (see 3AA-2.2). The configuration, if known, should be indicated (see 3AA-3, 3AA-4). New trivial names should not be coined for newly discovered a-amino acids unless there are compelling reasons. When they are needed (e.g. because the substance is important and its semisystematic ...
Two Models of Catabolite Repression Signal Transduction
... cyclase, cAMP concentrations decrease. In the glycolytic flux model, when the cells are starved for glucose, the concentrations of glycolytic intermediates decrease. As their concentrations decrease, they are not available to interact with EIIAglc . This allows EIIAglc to activate the adenylate cycl ...
... cyclase, cAMP concentrations decrease. In the glycolytic flux model, when the cells are starved for glucose, the concentrations of glycolytic intermediates decrease. As their concentrations decrease, they are not available to interact with EIIAglc . This allows EIIAglc to activate the adenylate cycl ...
Chapter 12 - The Citric Acid Cycle Energy in the citric acid cycle
... • The citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) is amphibolic (both catabolic and anabolic) • The cycle is involved in the aerobic catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids • Intermediates of the cycle are starting points for many biosynthetic reactions • Enzymes of the cycle are in the ...
... • The citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) is amphibolic (both catabolic and anabolic) • The cycle is involved in the aerobic catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids • Intermediates of the cycle are starting points for many biosynthetic reactions • Enzymes of the cycle are in the ...
SDS-PAGE strongly overestimates the molecular
... contributes to an overestimate of the molecular mass can also be seen by inspections of fig.4 in [2]. Enzymatic removal of at least some phosphate leads to an increased mobility in SDS-PAGE. For L we estimate a polypeptide molecular mass around 62 kDa. This value is in line with current sequence dat ...
... contributes to an overestimate of the molecular mass can also be seen by inspections of fig.4 in [2]. Enzymatic removal of at least some phosphate leads to an increased mobility in SDS-PAGE. For L we estimate a polypeptide molecular mass around 62 kDa. This value is in line with current sequence dat ...
Transport and Utilization of Lipids in Insect Flight
... efficient exchange of DAG-depleted and DAG-enriched lipophorin species is an essential element of the lipophorin shuttle mechanism. Through ligand blotting techniques, a number of flight muscle membrane proteins were shown to bind to HDLp or LDLp, most prominently a 30-kDa protein. At present, it is ...
... efficient exchange of DAG-depleted and DAG-enriched lipophorin species is an essential element of the lipophorin shuttle mechanism. Through ligand blotting techniques, a number of flight muscle membrane proteins were shown to bind to HDLp or LDLp, most prominently a 30-kDa protein. At present, it is ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.