Nucleic acid enzymes
... synthetases could have also been RNA catalysts. A 45nucleotide-long tRNA aminoacylation ribozyme was selected evolving a previously identified sequence [25]. This catalyst showed improved catalytic activity and is able to aminoacylate several tRNA in trans (not as a selfmodifier) with phenylalanine ...
... synthetases could have also been RNA catalysts. A 45nucleotide-long tRNA aminoacylation ribozyme was selected evolving a previously identified sequence [25]. This catalyst showed improved catalytic activity and is able to aminoacylate several tRNA in trans (not as a selfmodifier) with phenylalanine ...
The metabolism of photosynthetically fixed
... of labelled compounds was found in the chloroplasts in all stages of the chase period, only three were found in the medium in significant amounts, even after 24 h. This indicates that there was very little lysis of chloroplasts over the 24 h in isolation. Even in the first 2 h after isolation the ch ...
... of labelled compounds was found in the chloroplasts in all stages of the chase period, only three were found in the medium in significant amounts, even after 24 h. This indicates that there was very little lysis of chloroplasts over the 24 h in isolation. Even in the first 2 h after isolation the ch ...
PVC - Electrochemical.net
... The elasticity of Duro-Bond PVC Lining allows thermal contraction and expansion without cracking and also minimizes the possible damaging effects of mechanical abuse. Because of its flexibility, bonding is obtained without difficulty, even on intricate contours. Duro-Bond PVC Lining is applied in sh ...
... The elasticity of Duro-Bond PVC Lining allows thermal contraction and expansion without cracking and also minimizes the possible damaging effects of mechanical abuse. Because of its flexibility, bonding is obtained without difficulty, even on intricate contours. Duro-Bond PVC Lining is applied in sh ...
Degradation signals within both terminal domains of the cauliflower
... Introduction Protein degradation plays an important role in many cellular processes: it allows much faster alteration of the amount of regulatory proteins than transcriptional or translational regulation, and is important for the relocation of biochemical resources. Although protein degradation has ...
... Introduction Protein degradation plays an important role in many cellular processes: it allows much faster alteration of the amount of regulatory proteins than transcriptional or translational regulation, and is important for the relocation of biochemical resources. Although protein degradation has ...
Functional characterization of LePGT1, a membrane
... The prenyltransferase family contains a large number of membrane-intrinsic proteins, which represent enzymes that accept various aromatic substrates. These AS-PTs (aromatic substrate prenyltransferases) catalyse the substitution of an aromatic proton with a prenyl group, leading to the formation of ...
... The prenyltransferase family contains a large number of membrane-intrinsic proteins, which represent enzymes that accept various aromatic substrates. These AS-PTs (aromatic substrate prenyltransferases) catalyse the substitution of an aromatic proton with a prenyl group, leading to the formation of ...
Vitamins and Coenzymes
... • The positively charged nitrogen of TPP serves as a critical electron sink during the decarboxylation step and contributes to the resonance stabilization of the hydroxyalkylTPP decarboxylation product ...
... • The positively charged nitrogen of TPP serves as a critical electron sink during the decarboxylation step and contributes to the resonance stabilization of the hydroxyalkylTPP decarboxylation product ...
PDF Full-text
... Sedimentary organic matter plays an important role in sediment biogeochemical processes [1], and 30%–99% of organic matter deposited on the surface sediment is remineralized during early diagenesis [2]. Factors such as sediment physicochemical properties, water column depth, and redox conditions, es ...
... Sedimentary organic matter plays an important role in sediment biogeochemical processes [1], and 30%–99% of organic matter deposited on the surface sediment is remineralized during early diagenesis [2]. Factors such as sediment physicochemical properties, water column depth, and redox conditions, es ...
Characterizing the Secreted Proteome of Mycobacterium
... on all labeled peptides from a protein, only one reporter region is illustrated from each protein for simplicity. These panels illustrate that for these two proteins, and eight others (data not shown), increases were seen in their secretion in strains deleted for Rv3877 (the ESX-1 machinery). Each o ...
... on all labeled peptides from a protein, only one reporter region is illustrated from each protein for simplicity. These panels illustrate that for these two proteins, and eight others (data not shown), increases were seen in their secretion in strains deleted for Rv3877 (the ESX-1 machinery). Each o ...
- Wiley Online Library
... effective condensing agent among polyphosphates, particularly because it can serve as a phosphorylating reagent in aqueous and strongly alkaline solution (pH 12) (Etaix & Orgel, 1978; Yamagata et al., 1995; Ozawa et al., 2004). The prebiotic synthesis proceeds by the thermolysis of phosphate to yiel ...
... effective condensing agent among polyphosphates, particularly because it can serve as a phosphorylating reagent in aqueous and strongly alkaline solution (pH 12) (Etaix & Orgel, 1978; Yamagata et al., 1995; Ozawa et al., 2004). The prebiotic synthesis proceeds by the thermolysis of phosphate to yiel ...
Radiation Chemistry of Overirradiated Aqueous Solutions of
... Wallis 1980). This article concerns the effects of irradiation at absorbed doses larger, by up to about one order of magnitude, than those previously used for aqueous cyanide. It provides information on two aspects of prolonged irradiation: (1) the accumulation of small molecules produced radiolytic ...
... Wallis 1980). This article concerns the effects of irradiation at absorbed doses larger, by up to about one order of magnitude, than those previously used for aqueous cyanide. It provides information on two aspects of prolonged irradiation: (1) the accumulation of small molecules produced radiolytic ...
Amino Acids and Amines Stimulate Gastrin Release from Canine
... have demonstrated that the majority of the acid secretory response to a meal can be ascribed to the effects of gastrin, a peptide hormone secreted by specialized endocrine cells in the gastric antrum. Since proteins are the primary food constituents found to have an acid secretagogue action, it is n ...
... have demonstrated that the majority of the acid secretory response to a meal can be ascribed to the effects of gastrin, a peptide hormone secreted by specialized endocrine cells in the gastric antrum. Since proteins are the primary food constituents found to have an acid secretagogue action, it is n ...
C-terminal amino acid?
... • Two adjacent residues with the same charges cannot fit into a helix. ...
... • Two adjacent residues with the same charges cannot fit into a helix. ...
Lecture Note 6
... crystal stuture of the biological macromolecules. It is co-ordinated by the consortium located in Europe, Japan and USA. As of August 2013, the database contains 93043 structures which includes protein, nucleic acids, and protein-nucleic acid or proteinsmall molecule complexes (http://www.rcsb.org/p ...
... crystal stuture of the biological macromolecules. It is co-ordinated by the consortium located in Europe, Japan and USA. As of August 2013, the database contains 93043 structures which includes protein, nucleic acids, and protein-nucleic acid or proteinsmall molecule complexes (http://www.rcsb.org/p ...
S. aureus - Global Engage
... Sequence homology of 6 pathogens mapped to S. aureus FabI structure ...
... Sequence homology of 6 pathogens mapped to S. aureus FabI structure ...
NIH Public Access
... roughly logarithmic function of its frequency in the MSA.9 Indeed, approaches based on this idea have proven broadly successful at creating more stable proteins.5;6;10 However, because the sequences of natural proteins generally derive from a common ancestor, they tend to be heavily biased by evolut ...
... roughly logarithmic function of its frequency in the MSA.9 Indeed, approaches based on this idea have proven broadly successful at creating more stable proteins.5;6;10 However, because the sequences of natural proteins generally derive from a common ancestor, they tend to be heavily biased by evolut ...
Cell Energy - Kuliah FTSL
... Reaction—H2O is broken down and light energy is stored temporarily in inorganic energy carriers, ATP and NADPH • Calvin Cycle—energy is transferred from ATP and NADPH to the organic compound glucose week 5- aerobic, anaerobic, anoxic ...
... Reaction—H2O is broken down and light energy is stored temporarily in inorganic energy carriers, ATP and NADPH • Calvin Cycle—energy is transferred from ATP and NADPH to the organic compound glucose week 5- aerobic, anaerobic, anoxic ...
Serine phosphorylation of the cotton cytosolic pyruvate kinase
... In our previous study, we have revealed that cotton cytosolic PK GhPK6 is differentially expressed in elongating cotton fibers and participates in fast fiber elongation regulation in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)mediated manner [15]. In this study, we further elucidated that GhPK6 was phosphorylat ...
... In our previous study, we have revealed that cotton cytosolic PK GhPK6 is differentially expressed in elongating cotton fibers and participates in fast fiber elongation regulation in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)mediated manner [15]. In this study, we further elucidated that GhPK6 was phosphorylat ...
Nutritional Abnormalities
... Riboflavin (B2)/Pyridoxine (B6)/ Niacin (B3): Normal Functions: important cofactors in numerous energy pathways and special synthetic pathways o Riboflavin (B2): critical component of FMN and FAD, important in oxidation-reduction reactions o Niacin (B3): component of NAD/NADP important for electron ...
... Riboflavin (B2)/Pyridoxine (B6)/ Niacin (B3): Normal Functions: important cofactors in numerous energy pathways and special synthetic pathways o Riboflavin (B2): critical component of FMN and FAD, important in oxidation-reduction reactions o Niacin (B3): component of NAD/NADP important for electron ...
Bile-Acid Sequestrants: Glucose-Lowering Mechanisms - HAL
... Even though no difference was found in the size of the total bile acid pool, the contribution of specific bile acid species to the pool was altered in T2D. Thus, the pool of the secondary bile acid DCA was elevated as was the DCA input rate, whereas the CDCA pool decreased [8]. The CA pool was unch ...
... Even though no difference was found in the size of the total bile acid pool, the contribution of specific bile acid species to the pool was altered in T2D. Thus, the pool of the secondary bile acid DCA was elevated as was the DCA input rate, whereas the CDCA pool decreased [8]. The CA pool was unch ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.