Section III (pdf)
... Setting ssbonds to the Backbone - Notice that this command gives the disulfide bonds a thicker dimension, but as we saw with the hydrogen bond, the bonds are “floating” in space. This is because the disulfide bond is actually between the sulfur groups of the cysteine sidechains, and not the alpha ca ...
... Setting ssbonds to the Backbone - Notice that this command gives the disulfide bonds a thicker dimension, but as we saw with the hydrogen bond, the bonds are “floating” in space. This is because the disulfide bond is actually between the sulfur groups of the cysteine sidechains, and not the alpha ca ...
Determination of De Novo Synthesized Amino Acids in Cellular
... C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine the absolute amounts of de novo synthesized amino acids in both the perchloric acid extracts and the hydrolyzed protein fractions of F98 glioma cells incubated for 2 h with 5 mmol/l [U-13C]glucose. 13C NMR spectra of the hydrolyzed prot ...
... C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine the absolute amounts of de novo synthesized amino acids in both the perchloric acid extracts and the hydrolyzed protein fractions of F98 glioma cells incubated for 2 h with 5 mmol/l [U-13C]glucose. 13C NMR spectra of the hydrolyzed prot ...
Five Year Integrated M.Sc. Course (Chemistry
... General principles of laser action. Stimulated emission. Rates of absorption and emission. Einstein coefficients. Population inversion. Three-level and four-level laser systems. Pumping. Laser cavity – resonant modes. Characteristics of laser light. Laser pulses and their characteristics. Pulse prod ...
... General principles of laser action. Stimulated emission. Rates of absorption and emission. Einstein coefficients. Population inversion. Three-level and four-level laser systems. Pumping. Laser cavity – resonant modes. Characteristics of laser light. Laser pulses and their characteristics. Pulse prod ...
Hormonal regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis
... 84 amino peptide Molecular mass if 9.5 kilodalton no carbohydrate or other covalently bound molecules Full biologic activity resides in the amino terminal third of the molecule PTH 1-34 has full biologic activity while region 25-34 is for receptor binding ...
... 84 amino peptide Molecular mass if 9.5 kilodalton no carbohydrate or other covalently bound molecules Full biologic activity resides in the amino terminal third of the molecule PTH 1-34 has full biologic activity while region 25-34 is for receptor binding ...
(pdf)
... enough to displace any air remaining in the borehole and manifold before connecting the filter. Samples for geochemical analyses were collected first, and then a sterile ...
... enough to displace any air remaining in the borehole and manifold before connecting the filter. Samples for geochemical analyses were collected first, and then a sterile ...
Abiogenesis
... • Experiment designed to simulate the early Earth • Synthesised organic compounds – The building blocks of life ...
... • Experiment designed to simulate the early Earth • Synthesised organic compounds – The building blocks of life ...
32_Metabolism of ammonia. Biosynthesis of urea and its disorders
... Metabolic & Molecular Basis of Inherited Disease ...
... Metabolic & Molecular Basis of Inherited Disease ...
25 Disorders of Proline and Serine Metabolism
... Three disorders of serine metabolism are known. Two are in its biosynthesis: namely, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency and phosphoserine phosphatase deficiency. Patients with 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency are affected with congenital microcephaly, psychomotor retardation and ...
... Three disorders of serine metabolism are known. Two are in its biosynthesis: namely, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency and phosphoserine phosphatase deficiency. Patients with 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency are affected with congenital microcephaly, psychomotor retardation and ...
Academic Standards for Science and Technology
... (e.g., food molecules taken into cells are broken down to provide the chemical constituents needed to synthesize other molecules; enzymes facilitate the breakdown and synthesis of molecules) _____ 3. Understands the processes of photosynthesis and respiration in plants (e.g., chloroplasts in plant c ...
... (e.g., food molecules taken into cells are broken down to provide the chemical constituents needed to synthesize other molecules; enzymes facilitate the breakdown and synthesis of molecules) _____ 3. Understands the processes of photosynthesis and respiration in plants (e.g., chloroplasts in plant c ...
Plant cuticles shine: advances in wax biosynthesis
... this could occur at membrane contact sites where the membranes are adjacent but not mixing or fusing (reviewed by [27]). The subsequent transport step from the PM to the cell exterior appears to be carried out by PM bound transporters (Figure 2), although experimental evidence that the cuticular lip ...
... this could occur at membrane contact sites where the membranes are adjacent but not mixing or fusing (reviewed by [27]). The subsequent transport step from the PM to the cell exterior appears to be carried out by PM bound transporters (Figure 2), although experimental evidence that the cuticular lip ...
Compartmentation of photosynthesis in cells and
... malate and pyruvate can be taken into the cells through the open plasmodesmata. This interesting feature extends the types of experiments that can be done with the isolated cells. It made possible studies to test the ability of these cells to metabolize various suspected intermediate compounds in th ...
... malate and pyruvate can be taken into the cells through the open plasmodesmata. This interesting feature extends the types of experiments that can be done with the isolated cells. It made possible studies to test the ability of these cells to metabolize various suspected intermediate compounds in th ...
GRA Proteins of Toxoplasma gondii: Maintenance of Host
... potential site of N-glycosylation. GRA4 was distributed throughout the lumen of the PV and only later became associated with the mature network (PVN) that is found dispersed throughout the vacuole [20]. The association of GRA4 with the network membranes is mediated by strong protein-protein interact ...
... potential site of N-glycosylation. GRA4 was distributed throughout the lumen of the PV and only later became associated with the mature network (PVN) that is found dispersed throughout the vacuole [20]. The association of GRA4 with the network membranes is mediated by strong protein-protein interact ...
Chemical Classification of Cyclic Depsipeptides
... distinguished (Figure 2). However, given the great structural diversity, further sub-classification per group is required. For the first group of α-hydroxy acid CDPs (Figure 3), a subdivision is made based on the number of ester bonds in the macrocycle, i.e., either one or more than one. If more tha ...
... distinguished (Figure 2). However, given the great structural diversity, further sub-classification per group is required. For the first group of α-hydroxy acid CDPs (Figure 3), a subdivision is made based on the number of ester bonds in the macrocycle, i.e., either one or more than one. If more tha ...
lec-08-handout
... Most enzymes are made up of a protein part known as the apoenzyme as well as a cofactor which can either be an organic molecule known as a coenzyme or a metal ion. These cofactors are essential for the enzyme to be catalytically functional and the complete functional enzyme is referred to as the hol ...
... Most enzymes are made up of a protein part known as the apoenzyme as well as a cofactor which can either be an organic molecule known as a coenzyme or a metal ion. These cofactors are essential for the enzyme to be catalytically functional and the complete functional enzyme is referred to as the hol ...
Structural Insights into Catalysis and Inhibition of O
... 560 nm by monitoring the formation of cysteine using the acid-ninhydrin method (26). The reactions were carried out in 1500 l of 100 mM MOPS buffer at pH 7.0. O-Acetyl-Lserine and sodium sulfide (dissolved in 1 mM NaOH) were added to final concentrations of 10 and 0.25 mM, respectively, and the rea ...
... 560 nm by monitoring the formation of cysteine using the acid-ninhydrin method (26). The reactions were carried out in 1500 l of 100 mM MOPS buffer at pH 7.0. O-Acetyl-Lserine and sodium sulfide (dissolved in 1 mM NaOH) were added to final concentrations of 10 and 0.25 mM, respectively, and the rea ...
Authors Title Year Keywords Journal/Proceedings Emile Bol
... Furthermore, chlorite acts as one-electron reductant of both compound I (k2) and compound II (k3) forming chlorine dioxide. The strong pH-dependence of all three reactions clearly suggests that chlorous acid is the reactive species. Typical apparent bimolecular rate constants at pH 5.6 are 1.4 � 105 ...
... Furthermore, chlorite acts as one-electron reductant of both compound I (k2) and compound II (k3) forming chlorine dioxide. The strong pH-dependence of all three reactions clearly suggests that chlorous acid is the reactive species. Typical apparent bimolecular rate constants at pH 5.6 are 1.4 � 105 ...
Chapter 2 - Carbon dioxide assimilation and respiration
... ATP-dependent process that removes inhibitors from the active site of Rubisco allowing for activation and catalysis to proceed. Recently, the crystal structure of Rubisco activase has been solved, which will provide key insight into the molecular interaction between Rubisco and Rubisco activase (rev ...
... ATP-dependent process that removes inhibitors from the active site of Rubisco allowing for activation and catalysis to proceed. Recently, the crystal structure of Rubisco activase has been solved, which will provide key insight into the molecular interaction between Rubisco and Rubisco activase (rev ...
Chapter 5
... Concept 5.3: Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules • Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers • The unifying feature of lipids is having little or no affinity for water • Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, which ...
... Concept 5.3: Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules • Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers • The unifying feature of lipids is having little or no affinity for water • Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, which ...
mTORC1 Activates SREBP-1c and Uncouples Lipogenesis From Gluconeogenesis Please share
... synthesis (lipogenesis) (2). This selective hepatic insulin resistance contributes to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and suggests that the insulin-signaling pathway must bifurcate upstream of lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. In this issue of PNAS, Li et al. (3) identify a bifurcation point in the ...
... synthesis (lipogenesis) (2). This selective hepatic insulin resistance contributes to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and suggests that the insulin-signaling pathway must bifurcate upstream of lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. In this issue of PNAS, Li et al. (3) identify a bifurcation point in the ...
Discovering the role of mitochondria in the iron deficiency
... of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) electron transport chain coupling NADH and FADH2 oxidation, and reduction of oxygen, to proton translocation and OXPHOS. The TCA cycle, which is responsible for the oxidative decarboxylation of organic acids leading to reduction of NADP and FAD and substrate-lev ...
... of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) electron transport chain coupling NADH and FADH2 oxidation, and reduction of oxygen, to proton translocation and OXPHOS. The TCA cycle, which is responsible for the oxidative decarboxylation of organic acids leading to reduction of NADP and FAD and substrate-lev ...
Characterization of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylases in the Basal
... ACC mRNA quantification was consistent with the global transcript patterns in dinoflagellates ACC mRNA quantification was consistent with the global transcript patterns in dinoflagellates over a diel light cycle. Previously, in A. carterae, global changes in mRNA abundance were observed over a die ...
... ACC mRNA quantification was consistent with the global transcript patterns in dinoflagellates ACC mRNA quantification was consistent with the global transcript patterns in dinoflagellates over a diel light cycle. Previously, in A. carterae, global changes in mRNA abundance were observed over a die ...
schedule for ph.d. course and workshop nov 26-dec 6
... Modelling of fluxes to aid radiologists 9.15-9.30 Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard, Linköping. Presentation of the Centre for Medical Image Analysis and Visualisation (CMIV) 9.30-9.50 Bengt Noren, Linkoping. Needs and possibilites from a radiologists perspective 9.50-10.15 Mikael Forsgren and Gunnar Cedersun ...
... Modelling of fluxes to aid radiologists 9.15-9.30 Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard, Linköping. Presentation of the Centre for Medical Image Analysis and Visualisation (CMIV) 9.30-9.50 Bengt Noren, Linkoping. Needs and possibilites from a radiologists perspective 9.50-10.15 Mikael Forsgren and Gunnar Cedersun ...
A novel dipeptidomimetic containing a cyclic threonine.
... Received (in Cambridge, UK) 27th July 2009, Accepted 10th December 2009 First published as an Advance Article on the web 13th January 2010 DOI: 10.1039/b915220b An efficient and simple two-step procedure for the formation of hydroxy-Freidinger lactams is presented. The methodology allows assembly of t ...
... Received (in Cambridge, UK) 27th July 2009, Accepted 10th December 2009 First published as an Advance Article on the web 13th January 2010 DOI: 10.1039/b915220b An efficient and simple two-step procedure for the formation of hydroxy-Freidinger lactams is presented. The methodology allows assembly of t ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.