Membrane Proteins
... • from purple membranes of bacteria of the genus Halobacterium, salt-loving archaebacteria • 7 transmembrane α-helices (common motif for signaling proteins: "7-TM helix receptors" • 247 amino acid residues (26,000 MW) with retinal cofactor (absorbs light) • uses light energy to pump protons across m ...
... • from purple membranes of bacteria of the genus Halobacterium, salt-loving archaebacteria • 7 transmembrane α-helices (common motif for signaling proteins: "7-TM helix receptors" • 247 amino acid residues (26,000 MW) with retinal cofactor (absorbs light) • uses light energy to pump protons across m ...
Phar 722 Pharmacy Practice III
... • Salt formation • Major routes of degradation and how to minimize them • Metabolic functions • Deficiency condition • Use of ascorbic acid esters • Commercial forms of the vitamin ...
... • Salt formation • Major routes of degradation and how to minimize them • Metabolic functions • Deficiency condition • Use of ascorbic acid esters • Commercial forms of the vitamin ...
Sustained nonoxidative glucose utilization and depletion of
... perchloric acid and centrifuged; the protein-free supernatant was then separated and stored at -4°C. Lactate and glucose concentrations were determined later by enzymatic spectrophotometric methods on this protein-free fluid (14,16). Free fatty acids were determined with a spectrophotometric method ...
... perchloric acid and centrifuged; the protein-free supernatant was then separated and stored at -4°C. Lactate and glucose concentrations were determined later by enzymatic spectrophotometric methods on this protein-free fluid (14,16). Free fatty acids were determined with a spectrophotometric method ...
LFT- GIT
... Lipids: cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids, phospholipids & lipoproteins (VLDL) Carbohydrates: glycogen synthesis & gluconeogenesis ...
... Lipids: cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids, phospholipids & lipoproteins (VLDL) Carbohydrates: glycogen synthesis & gluconeogenesis ...
Report Organelles in Blastocystis that Blur the
... same organelles is more suggestive of hydrogenosomal metabolism. To clarify the metabolic properties of the Blastocystis MLOs, we used 3330 clusters constructed from our EST data for a comparative BLAST search against the yeast and human mitochondrial proteomes [14, 15]. In addition, the KEGG Automa ...
... same organelles is more suggestive of hydrogenosomal metabolism. To clarify the metabolic properties of the Blastocystis MLOs, we used 3330 clusters constructed from our EST data for a comparative BLAST search against the yeast and human mitochondrial proteomes [14, 15]. In addition, the KEGG Automa ...
Glycine Cleavage Powers Photoheterotrophic Growth of
... is singly labeled and 5% alanine is doubly labeled, Figure 4A and Supplementary Table S1). As pyruvate is involved in the CO2 fixation pathways and also a precursor to alanine, the labeling patterns of alanine can reflect CO2 fixation routes (Figure 5). MS data show that alanine was mostly labeled at fi ...
... is singly labeled and 5% alanine is doubly labeled, Figure 4A and Supplementary Table S1). As pyruvate is involved in the CO2 fixation pathways and also a precursor to alanine, the labeling patterns of alanine can reflect CO2 fixation routes (Figure 5). MS data show that alanine was mostly labeled at fi ...
Section 4.9 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
... • Limiting Reactant – reactant that is completely consumed and limits amount of product • Reactant in excess – reactant present in greater quantity than limiting reactant • Theoretical Yield – amount of product made based on consumption of all the limiting reactant • Actual Yield – amount of product ...
... • Limiting Reactant – reactant that is completely consumed and limits amount of product • Reactant in excess – reactant present in greater quantity than limiting reactant • Theoretical Yield – amount of product made based on consumption of all the limiting reactant • Actual Yield – amount of product ...
Arabidopsis Contains Nine Long-Chain Acyl
... chain fatty acids requires an active transport mechanism of some type, like the carnitine shuttle in mammalian mitochondrial -oxidation (Eaton et al., 1996) or receptor-mediated import as in yeast peroxisomes (Hettema and Tabak, 2000). In yeast, some evidence suggests that short- and medium-chain f ...
... chain fatty acids requires an active transport mechanism of some type, like the carnitine shuttle in mammalian mitochondrial -oxidation (Eaton et al., 1996) or receptor-mediated import as in yeast peroxisomes (Hettema and Tabak, 2000). In yeast, some evidence suggests that short- and medium-chain f ...
Lipid peroxidation modifies the assembly of biological membranes
... of the oxPL classes adopt a particular conformation. Lipid peroxidation is achieved by addition of numerous polar molecules on fatty acid chains (Catala, 2009). Consequently, when cell membranes undergo oxidation, if not adapted by the action of phospholipases, they may “produce whiskers” including ...
... of the oxPL classes adopt a particular conformation. Lipid peroxidation is achieved by addition of numerous polar molecules on fatty acid chains (Catala, 2009). Consequently, when cell membranes undergo oxidation, if not adapted by the action of phospholipases, they may “produce whiskers” including ...
MBOATReviewBST - Imperial Spiral
... due to large size, polarity and cell penetration. Janda et al have developed and utilised catELCCA (catalytic assay using enzyme-linked click chemistry) to identify the first small molecule inhibitors containing a naphthalene core structure (6) [27, 28]. Validation of these compounds in cell based a ...
... due to large size, polarity and cell penetration. Janda et al have developed and utilised catELCCA (catalytic assay using enzyme-linked click chemistry) to identify the first small molecule inhibitors containing a naphthalene core structure (6) [27, 28]. Validation of these compounds in cell based a ...
25. biosynthesis of lipids
... meals while rebuilding glycogen reserves and converting any excess glucose to fatty acids. As the time of the last meal recedes, and glycogen supply again becomes depleted, more and more of his energy is obtained by oxidizing fatty acids previously stored as triglycerides. Even the overnight fast is ...
... meals while rebuilding glycogen reserves and converting any excess glucose to fatty acids. As the time of the last meal recedes, and glycogen supply again becomes depleted, more and more of his energy is obtained by oxidizing fatty acids previously stored as triglycerides. Even the overnight fast is ...
Agonism with the omega-3 fatty acids α-linolenic acid
... The newly discovered G protein-coupled receptor GPR120 has recently been shown to stimulate secretion of the gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and cholecystokinin upon binding of free fatty acids, thrusting it to the forefront of drug discovery efforts for treatment of type 2 diabetes as well as ...
... The newly discovered G protein-coupled receptor GPR120 has recently been shown to stimulate secretion of the gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and cholecystokinin upon binding of free fatty acids, thrusting it to the forefront of drug discovery efforts for treatment of type 2 diabetes as well as ...
efectul antimicrobian al unor medicamente antiinflamatoare
... Diclofenac sodium has remarkable inhibitory action both against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant clinical isolates of various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Dutta N.K. and his colleagues had determinate the ability of diclofenac to protect mice from a virulent Salmonella infection. Their ...
... Diclofenac sodium has remarkable inhibitory action both against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant clinical isolates of various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Dutta N.K. and his colleagues had determinate the ability of diclofenac to protect mice from a virulent Salmonella infection. Their ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Foundations of Biology
... RNA Polymerase is a spectacular enzyme, it performs the following functions: Recognition of the promoter region Melting of DNA (Helicase + Topisomerase) RNA Priming (Primase) RNA Polymerization Recognition of terminator sequence ©2001 Timothy G. Standish ...
... RNA Polymerase is a spectacular enzyme, it performs the following functions: Recognition of the promoter region Melting of DNA (Helicase + Topisomerase) RNA Priming (Primase) RNA Polymerization Recognition of terminator sequence ©2001 Timothy G. Standish ...
Carbohydrates and the liver
... glucose concentration within a narrow range by taking up onequarter to one-third of the absorbed glucose, oxidizing some of it and storing the rest as glycogen or converting it into fat. In the postabsorptive state, the liver provides much needed glucose to the central nervous system and other gluco ...
... glucose concentration within a narrow range by taking up onequarter to one-third of the absorbed glucose, oxidizing some of it and storing the rest as glycogen or converting it into fat. In the postabsorptive state, the liver provides much needed glucose to the central nervous system and other gluco ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Observe the conversion of potential energy to kinetic (heat) energy that is evidenced by an increase in the temperature of water caused by burning a food source. • Build the molecular model of cellular respiration reactants and products to demonstrate the conservation of matter (atoms) in the proc ...
... • Observe the conversion of potential energy to kinetic (heat) energy that is evidenced by an increase in the temperature of water caused by burning a food source. • Build the molecular model of cellular respiration reactants and products to demonstrate the conservation of matter (atoms) in the proc ...
1 - Free
... 7. write with structures the enoyl-CoA hydratase reaction of B-oxidation. Trans-d2-enoyl Hydroxyenoyl CoA 8. list the cofactor requirement for activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. NAD+ 9. write with structures the aconitase reaction. Citrate isocitrate 10. which citrate cycle enzymes ...
... 7. write with structures the enoyl-CoA hydratase reaction of B-oxidation. Trans-d2-enoyl Hydroxyenoyl CoA 8. list the cofactor requirement for activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. NAD+ 9. write with structures the aconitase reaction. Citrate isocitrate 10. which citrate cycle enzymes ...
Amino Acid Sequencing
... undetected can be determined. Biologists believe that the greater the similarity between the amino acid sequences of two organisms, the closer their relationship. Conversely, the greater the differences, the more distant the relationship. Furthermore, biologists have found that such biochemical evid ...
... undetected can be determined. Biologists believe that the greater the similarity between the amino acid sequences of two organisms, the closer their relationship. Conversely, the greater the differences, the more distant the relationship. Furthermore, biologists have found that such biochemical evid ...
Synthesis of Phosphopeptides Containing O
... Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins represents one of the most widespread and important reactions in the regulation of cellular processes. Specific serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues in substrate proteins become phosphorylated by the action of protein kinases that catalyze the tra ...
... Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins represents one of the most widespread and important reactions in the regulation of cellular processes. Specific serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues in substrate proteins become phosphorylated by the action of protein kinases that catalyze the tra ...
Aphelenchoides besseyi
... predicted consensus casein kinase II phosphorylation site and a hydrophobic secretory signal peptide, but did not have glycosylation sites. The Ab-FAR-1 had 52% homology to Gp-FAR-1 protein. The Ab-FAR-1 and Gp-FAR-1 were grouped in the same branch according to the phylogenetic tree. Fluorescence-ba ...
... predicted consensus casein kinase II phosphorylation site and a hydrophobic secretory signal peptide, but did not have glycosylation sites. The Ab-FAR-1 had 52% homology to Gp-FAR-1 protein. The Ab-FAR-1 and Gp-FAR-1 were grouped in the same branch according to the phylogenetic tree. Fluorescence-ba ...
An ATPase domain common to prokaryotic cell cycle proteins, sugar
... "6chaperonin" functions, such as keeping protein chains translocation competent, preventing aggregation, or aiding in their refolding from aggregated states (6); and that of hexokinase is involved in phosphorylation of glucose at the entry to the glycolytic pathway (7). The common structural feature ...
... "6chaperonin" functions, such as keeping protein chains translocation competent, preventing aggregation, or aiding in their refolding from aggregated states (6); and that of hexokinase is involved in phosphorylation of glucose at the entry to the glycolytic pathway (7). The common structural feature ...
Fat to the fire: the regulation of lipid oxidation
... change in overall fatty acid flux rates. The variation in the fatty acid pathway between species has received little attention. However, current data on gene knockout, trans- ...
... change in overall fatty acid flux rates. The variation in the fatty acid pathway between species has received little attention. However, current data on gene knockout, trans- ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.