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111 Exam III OUTLINE TRO 1-3-11
111 Exam III OUTLINE TRO 1-3-11

... 1. The forward reaction (⇀ ) and reverse (↽ ) reactions are occurring simultaneously. 2. The rate for the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction and a dynamic equilibrium is achieved. 3. The ratio of the concentrations of the products to reactants is constant. B. THE EQUILIBRI ...
111 Exam IV outline
111 Exam IV outline

Writing Equilibrium Cons... and Liquids - Chemwiki
Writing Equilibrium Cons... and Liquids - Chemwiki

CHAPTER-7 EQUILIBRIUM Equilibrium state- When
CHAPTER-7 EQUILIBRIUM Equilibrium state- When

... substance that provides more of an ionic species already present in the dissociation equilibrium.  Hydrolysis of Salts: process of interaction between water andcations/anions or both of salts is calledhydrolysis.  The cations (e.g., Na+, K+,Ca2+, Ba2+, etc.) of strong bases and anions(e.g., Cl–, B ...
Equilibrium
Equilibrium

... You can mix chemicals expecting to get a reaction but no products can be detected, you can say that there is no reaction. Reversible reactions occupy a middle ground between the theoretical extremes of irreversibility and no reaction. A catalyst speeds up both the forward and the reverse reactions e ...
Chapter 17 - Cengage Learning
Chapter 17 - Cengage Learning

Equilibrium
Equilibrium

chemical equilibrium
chemical equilibrium

equilibrium - TeacherWeb
equilibrium - TeacherWeb

... The direction in which you write the chemical equation for an equilibrium is arbitrary, because equilibrium can be approached from either direction. The equilibrium constant expression for a reaction written in one direction is the reciprocal of the one for the reaction in the reverse direction. The ...
7.1 Equilibrium PPT equilibrium1
7.1 Equilibrium PPT equilibrium1

... Liquid water evaporates to form water vapor. At a given temperature in a closed system, water will evaporate until the vapor reaches a certain pressure. When that occurs, equilibrium is reached. Water still evaporates but at the same rate as water condensing. ...
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... • Convenient thermodynamic variables. If you know the properties of all of the molecules, you can calculate the partition functions. ...
Introduction to Kinetics and Equilibrium
Introduction to Kinetics and Equilibrium

... Kinetics and equilibrium are two of the most  important areas in chemistry Entire books and important areas in chemistry.  Entire books and  courses at the undergraduate and graduate level  are devoted to them.   Chemical kinetics – the study of the rates of chemical processes Equilibrium ‐ the cond ...
Shifting Equilibrium
Shifting Equilibrium

... An increase in the concentration of a reactant is a stress on the equilib­rium system. Consider the following hypothetical ­reaction. A+B⇄C+D An increase in the concentration of A creates a stress. To relieve the stress, some of the added A reacts with B to form products C and D. The equilibrium is ...
Condensed Matter 2
Condensed Matter 2

... all reactants, the reaction is not complete, and the reaction is reversible.  A + B = C + D  In principle, all chemical reactions are reversible, but this reversibility may not be observable if the fraction of products in the equilibrium mixture is very small, or if the reverse reaction is kinetic ...
IA Velikanova, AK Bolvako PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
IA Velikanova, AK Bolvako PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Computational thermodynamics - IS MU
Computational thermodynamics - IS MU

... dG=( G/ p)T,ndp+( G/ T)p,ndT+ ( G/ n1)p,T,n2dn1+( G/ n2)p,T,n1dn2 We know that: ( G/ p)T,n=V, ( G/ T)p,n = -S ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Determining Direction of Reaction • Q < Kc:ratio of products to reactants is too small, reaction will proceed in forward direction to reach equilibrium. • Q = Kc:the system is at equilibrium. • Q > Kc:ratio of products to reactants is too large, reaction will proceed in reverse direction to reach e ...
Ch 17 Equilibrium
Ch 17 Equilibrium

Chapter 16 Handout
Chapter 16 Handout

... Equilibrium is a ____________________. state, since the forward and back reactions have not ceased. They occur simultaneously at the same rate. During dynamic equilibrium: –The ____________________. and concentrations of chemical substances remain constant. –The total gas ____________________. is co ...
Chapter 17 lecture notes on Chemical Equilibria
Chapter 17 lecture notes on Chemical Equilibria

... stress by moving away from it. We apply the same notion to chemical equilibria. In a system at equilibrium, when a change occurs a stress is imposed on the system. The system then responds by adopting new equilibrium conditions that relieve the stress. This is the definition of LeChatlier’s Principl ...
In_Class_Practice Chapter 17 PreAP
In_Class_Practice Chapter 17 PreAP

Document
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... a. increase in denominator is greater than increase in numerator b. Qc < Kc c. to return to equilibrium, Qc must increase i. numerator of Qc expression must  and the denominator must  ii. implies net conversion of ______________ (shifts towards fewer moles of gas) 3. If product side has more moles ...
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... • A catalyst changes the mechanism of a reaction to one with a lower activation energy. • A catalyst has no effect on the equilibrium concentrations and constant. – But does affect the rate at which equilibrium is attained! ...
LECTURE 5 - CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
LECTURE 5 - CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

... system is again at equilibrium. If more C had been added to the original system, exactly the reverse would have occurred - the reaction would have gone to the left, reducing [C] and [D] and increasing [A] and [B]. The disturbance need not be the addition of a reactant or product species. It could eq ...
chemical equilibrium
chemical equilibrium

... • construct the balanced equation, including state symbols (aq), (g) etc. • determine the number of moles of each species at equilibrium • divide moles by the volume (in dm3) to get the equilibrium concentrations in mol dm-3 (If no volume is quoted, use a V; it will probably cancel out) • from the e ...
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Thermodynamic equilibrium

Thermodynamic equilibrium is an axiomatic concept of classical thermodynamics. It is an internal state of a single thermodynamic system, or a relation between several thermodynamic systems connected by permeable walls. In thermodynamic equilibrium there are no net macroscopic flows of matter or of energy, either within a system or between systems. In a system in its own state of internal thermodynamic equilibrium, no macroscopic change occurs. Systems in mutual thermodynamic equilibrium are simultaneously in mutual thermal, mechanical, chemical, and radiative equilibria. Systems can be in one kind of mutual equilibrium, though not in others. In thermodynamic equilibrium, all kinds of equilibrium hold at once and indefinitely, until disturbed by a thermodynamic operation. In a macroscopic equilibrium, almost or perfectly, exactly balanced microscopic exchanges occur; this is part of the notion of macroscopic equilibrium.An isolated thermodynamic system in its own state of internal thermodynamic equilibrium has a uniform temperature. If its surroundings impose some unchanging long range force field on it, it may consist of one phase or may exhibit several spatially unchanging internal phases. If its surroundings impose no long range force field on it, then either (1) it is spatially homogeneous, with all intensive properties being uniform; or (2) it has several internal phases, which may exhibit indefinitely persistent continuous spontaneous microscopic or mesoscopic fluctuations.In non-equilibrium systems, by contrast, there are net flows of matter or energy. If such changes can be triggered to occur in a system in which they are not already occurring, it is said to be in a metastable equilibrium.It is an axiom of thermodynamics that when a body of material starts from a non-equilibrium state of non-homogeneity or chemical non-equilibrium, and, by a thermodynamic operation, is then isolated, it spontaneously evolves towards its own internal state of thermodynamic equilibrium. This axiom is presupposed by the second law of thermodynamics, which restricts what can happen when a system, having reached thermodynamic equilibrium, with a well defined entropy, is subject to a thermodynamic operation.
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