Using light to shape chemical gradients for parallel and automated
... et al, 2010). Despite many years of research, the molecular mechanisms responsible for spatial sensing have remained elusive. One challenge in the field has been that the response of cells to chemoattractant stimulation is complex and multifaceted. Cells respond by increasing their motility (chemoki ...
... et al, 2010). Despite many years of research, the molecular mechanisms responsible for spatial sensing have remained elusive. One challenge in the field has been that the response of cells to chemoattractant stimulation is complex and multifaceted. Cells respond by increasing their motility (chemoki ...
The Molecules of Cells
... – Proteins have unique structures that are directly related to their functions – Enzymes, proteins that serve as metabolic catalysts, regulate the chemical reactions within cells ...
... – Proteins have unique structures that are directly related to their functions – Enzymes, proteins that serve as metabolic catalysts, regulate the chemical reactions within cells ...
Mediation of Clathrin-Dependent Trafficking during
... and division of the GMC facilitates the microscopy-based identification of nonlethal Arabidopsis mutants that disrupt cytokinesis, including cytokinesis defective1 (cyd1; Yang et al., 1999), stomatal cytokinesis defective1 (scd1; Falbel et al., 2003), and scd2 (see below). In the temperature-sensitiv ...
... and division of the GMC facilitates the microscopy-based identification of nonlethal Arabidopsis mutants that disrupt cytokinesis, including cytokinesis defective1 (cyd1; Yang et al., 1999), stomatal cytokinesis defective1 (scd1; Falbel et al., 2003), and scd2 (see below). In the temperature-sensitiv ...
A target site for template-based design of measles virus entry inhibitors
... peptide, into the target cell membrane. Further conformational rearrangements in the F protein ectodomain ultimately result in merging of the two membranes (14). To date, a crystal structure of a paramyxovirus fusion protein trimer is only available for the Newcastle disease virus F protein (16). We ...
... peptide, into the target cell membrane. Further conformational rearrangements in the F protein ectodomain ultimately result in merging of the two membranes (14). To date, a crystal structure of a paramyxovirus fusion protein trimer is only available for the Newcastle disease virus F protein (16). We ...
Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004 Feb 20
... (57% identity) as shown in Figure 1 and appears to be related to the C. elegans protein, UNC112 (44% identity). UNC-112 is required for the organization of dense bodies and attachment of muscle cells to the hypodermis and UNC-112 interacts genetically with integrins (20). Thus we focused on kindleri ...
... (57% identity) as shown in Figure 1 and appears to be related to the C. elegans protein, UNC112 (44% identity). UNC-112 is required for the organization of dense bodies and attachment of muscle cells to the hypodermis and UNC-112 interacts genetically with integrins (20). Thus we focused on kindleri ...
Fatty acid
... • Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds • A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids • Polypeptides range in length from a few to more than a thousand monomers • Each polypeptide has a unique linear sequence of amino acids, with a carboxyl end (C-terminus) and an amino end (N-terminus) ...
... • Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds • A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids • Polypeptides range in length from a few to more than a thousand monomers • Each polypeptide has a unique linear sequence of amino acids, with a carboxyl end (C-terminus) and an amino end (N-terminus) ...
Cholesterol, steroids, and related molecules
... cholesterol transporter protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane), and the identities of the steroids synthesized are determined by the presence or absence of specific enzymes. Although these molecules are hydrophobic, both the end products and many intermedi- ...
... cholesterol transporter protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane), and the identities of the steroids synthesized are determined by the presence or absence of specific enzymes. Although these molecules are hydrophobic, both the end products and many intermedi- ...
Combined in silico modeling and metabolomics analysis to
... (Schaub et al., 2009), proteomics (Yizhak et al., 2010), and most recently, metabolomics (Chong et al., 2009; Ma et al., 2009) have been utilized to gain a more in-depth insight into the complex mechanisms involved in the regulation of major cellular processes. Of the different ‘‘-omics’’ technologi ...
... (Schaub et al., 2009), proteomics (Yizhak et al., 2010), and most recently, metabolomics (Chong et al., 2009; Ma et al., 2009) have been utilized to gain a more in-depth insight into the complex mechanisms involved in the regulation of major cellular processes. Of the different ‘‘-omics’’ technologi ...
Novel plasmodesmata association of dehydrin
... tolerance. The lysine-rich consensus sequence is predicted to form an amphipathic α-helix domain (Close et al. 1993b, Dure 1993, Close 1996) and the Y motif resembles nucleotide binding sites in molecular chaperone proteins (Close 1996). Based on these features, dehydrins are proposed to bind non-sp ...
... tolerance. The lysine-rich consensus sequence is predicted to form an amphipathic α-helix domain (Close et al. 1993b, Dure 1993, Close 1996) and the Y motif resembles nucleotide binding sites in molecular chaperone proteins (Close 1996). Based on these features, dehydrins are proposed to bind non-sp ...
endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism
... consist of a core of mainly triglycerides and steryl esters, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and come into close approximation with the ER. The monolayer is coated by proteins that are involved ...
... consist of a core of mainly triglycerides and steryl esters, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and come into close approximation with the ER. The monolayer is coated by proteins that are involved ...
DNA Binding Site Sequence Directs Glucocorticoid
... consequences quite distinct from those seen if both chains are flipped, as in GRg and perhaps in other nuclear hormone receptors. Protein functions have evolved commonly to be modulated by cellular signals. Based on our results, we propose that DNA sequences serve as one such signal, functioning as ...
... consequences quite distinct from those seen if both chains are flipped, as in GRg and perhaps in other nuclear hormone receptors. Protein functions have evolved commonly to be modulated by cellular signals. Based on our results, we propose that DNA sequences serve as one such signal, functioning as ...
2007 Workshop handout
... Proteins, the most structurally sophisticated molecules known, account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells. They are instrumental in almost everything organisms do. A human has tens of thousands of different proteins, each with a specific structure and function. Your mission is to thorou ...
... Proteins, the most structurally sophisticated molecules known, account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells. They are instrumental in almost everything organisms do. A human has tens of thousands of different proteins, each with a specific structure and function. Your mission is to thorou ...
Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis
... ‘signal sequence’ that leads this end of the chain through the membrane into the ER lumen. The signal sequence is later removed enzymatically. The new protein is carried through the endomembrane system: ER!cis-Golgi! medial-Golgi!trans-Golgi!plasma membrane. During this journey, the protein may be p ...
... ‘signal sequence’ that leads this end of the chain through the membrane into the ER lumen. The signal sequence is later removed enzymatically. The new protein is carried through the endomembrane system: ER!cis-Golgi! medial-Golgi!trans-Golgi!plasma membrane. During this journey, the protein may be p ...
The Distribution of Polycomb-Group Proteins During Cell Division
... multicolor confocal fluorescence microscopy. All three proteins are localized in complex patterns of 100 or more loci throughout most of the interphase nuclear volume. The rather narrow distribution of the protein intensities in the vast majority of loci argues against a PcG-mediated sequestration o ...
... multicolor confocal fluorescence microscopy. All three proteins are localized in complex patterns of 100 or more loci throughout most of the interphase nuclear volume. The rather narrow distribution of the protein intensities in the vast majority of loci argues against a PcG-mediated sequestration o ...
NMDA Receptor Function and Physiological Modulation
... activity to biochemical signaling via activation of Ca2þ-dependent enzymes and downstream signaling pathways. In this way, calcium influx through the NMDA receptor can lead to long-term changes in synaptic strength and other cellular modifications, including alterations in synaptic structure or conn ...
... activity to biochemical signaling via activation of Ca2þ-dependent enzymes and downstream signaling pathways. In this way, calcium influx through the NMDA receptor can lead to long-term changes in synaptic strength and other cellular modifications, including alterations in synaptic structure or conn ...
Transcriptomic analysis of stage 1 versus advanced adult granulosa
... the over-represented and overexpressed genes located on chromosome 7p15 in stage 3 aGCT compared to stage 1 aGCT is shown in Figure 5B. ...
... the over-represented and overexpressed genes located on chromosome 7p15 in stage 3 aGCT compared to stage 1 aGCT is shown in Figure 5B. ...
Actin microfilaments are associated with the migrating nucleus and
... completely excluded; however, the presence of normal growth and development, when compared to control injections, indicates in all likelihood that the actin MFs have not been extensively bundled, stabilized or structurally rearranged. In trying to understand the mechanism of polarized development, t ...
... completely excluded; however, the presence of normal growth and development, when compared to control injections, indicates in all likelihood that the actin MFs have not been extensively bundled, stabilized or structurally rearranged. In trying to understand the mechanism of polarized development, t ...
PROTEIN CHEMISTRY
... of amino acids (the chemical building blocks of protein) interacts with itself to form a stable three-dimensional structure during production of the protein within the cell. The folding of proteins thus facilitates the production of discrete functional entities, including enzymes and structural prot ...
... of amino acids (the chemical building blocks of protein) interacts with itself to form a stable three-dimensional structure during production of the protein within the cell. The folding of proteins thus facilitates the production of discrete functional entities, including enzymes and structural prot ...
Cellular Structure and Function
... able to quickly pass substances into and out of the cell. For example, it must be able to pass nutrients and oxygen into the cell and waste products out of the cell. Anything that enters or leaves a cell must cross its outer surface. It is this need to pass substances across the surface that limits ...
... able to quickly pass substances into and out of the cell. For example, it must be able to pass nutrients and oxygen into the cell and waste products out of the cell. Anything that enters or leaves a cell must cross its outer surface. It is this need to pass substances across the surface that limits ...
Document
... The barley stem rust resistance gene Rpg1 conferring resistance to numerous strains of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp.tritici was recently cloned by a map based approach (Brueggeman et al, 2002). The predicted Rpg1 protein is a novel receptor-like non-RD kinase characterized by the presence ...
... The barley stem rust resistance gene Rpg1 conferring resistance to numerous strains of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp.tritici was recently cloned by a map based approach (Brueggeman et al, 2002). The predicted Rpg1 protein is a novel receptor-like non-RD kinase characterized by the presence ...
Cellular Structure and Function
... able to quickly pass substances into and out of the cell. For example, it must be able to pass nutrients and oxygen into the cell and waste products out of the cell. Anything that enters or leaves a cell must cross its outer surface. It is this need to pass substances across the surface that limits ...
... able to quickly pass substances into and out of the cell. For example, it must be able to pass nutrients and oxygen into the cell and waste products out of the cell. Anything that enters or leaves a cell must cross its outer surface. It is this need to pass substances across the surface that limits ...
Polyamine dependence of normal cell
... when bound to cyclins that are expressed cyclically during the cell cycle. Polyamine biosynthesis varies bicyclically during the cell cycle with peaks in enzyme activities at the G1 /S and S/G2 transitions. The enzyme activities are regulated at transcriptional, translational and post-translational ...
... when bound to cyclins that are expressed cyclically during the cell cycle. Polyamine biosynthesis varies bicyclically during the cell cycle with peaks in enzyme activities at the G1 /S and S/G2 transitions. The enzyme activities are regulated at transcriptional, translational and post-translational ...
A Family of Abundant Plasma Membrane
... coincident migration during isoelectric focussing of hydroxyproline-rich membrane components and components with affinity for ~-galactosyl Yariv reagent (Samson et al., 1983). However, since Yariv reagents do not interact with AGPs specifically (Jermyn, 1978), and hydroxyproline is the principal ami ...
... coincident migration during isoelectric focussing of hydroxyproline-rich membrane components and components with affinity for ~-galactosyl Yariv reagent (Samson et al., 1983). However, since Yariv reagents do not interact with AGPs specifically (Jermyn, 1978), and hydroxyproline is the principal ami ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.