Controlling Protein-Surface Interactions to Improve Production of
... •Proteins contain different amino acids, each of which contribute to protein structure and function. Regions of the protein are polar and others are hydrophobic; these areas make the protein unique but can cause problems during industrial production of these proteins. ...
... •Proteins contain different amino acids, each of which contribute to protein structure and function. Regions of the protein are polar and others are hydrophobic; these areas make the protein unique but can cause problems during industrial production of these proteins. ...
Neurogenic genes control gene expression at the transcriptional
... Proneural clusters in the four mutants, revealed by l’sc transcription, are basically normal (Fig. 2A). The only difference from the wild type is that the bilaterally symmetric clusters in neu− (Fig. 2A) and N− (not shown) embryos tend to fuse at the midline (see below). At late stage 8, l’sc transc ...
... Proneural clusters in the four mutants, revealed by l’sc transcription, are basically normal (Fig. 2A). The only difference from the wild type is that the bilaterally symmetric clusters in neu− (Fig. 2A) and N− (not shown) embryos tend to fuse at the midline (see below). At late stage 8, l’sc transc ...
Checkpoint Responses in Cancer Therapy
... genetic instability and neoplastic transformation. Cancer frequently results from damage to multiple genes controlling cell division. Existing evidence indicates that cancer cells are frequently defective in regulating one cell-cycle checkpoint, which makes them very susceptible to insults to a seco ...
... genetic instability and neoplastic transformation. Cancer frequently results from damage to multiple genes controlling cell division. Existing evidence indicates that cancer cells are frequently defective in regulating one cell-cycle checkpoint, which makes them very susceptible to insults to a seco ...
What is the neuron`s resting potential?
... and negatively charged protein ions are distributed unevenly across the neuron’s membrane. • The ratio of negative to positive charges is greater inside the resting neuron than outside. ...
... and negatively charged protein ions are distributed unevenly across the neuron’s membrane. • The ratio of negative to positive charges is greater inside the resting neuron than outside. ...
Identification of a novel testis‐specific gene and its potential roles in
... Aim: To identify and characterize a novel gene with potential roles in testis development and spermatogenesis. Methods: A cDNA microarray was constructed from a human testis large insert cDNA library and hybridized with probes of human or mouse adult and fetal testes. Differentially expressed genes ...
... Aim: To identify and characterize a novel gene with potential roles in testis development and spermatogenesis. Methods: A cDNA microarray was constructed from a human testis large insert cDNA library and hybridized with probes of human or mouse adult and fetal testes. Differentially expressed genes ...
Measuring cell viscoelastic properties using a force
... The aim of our study is to measure the rheological properties of individual cells. We have designed a custom-made AFM apparatus, set on an inverted microscope [4]. A functionalized bead is glued onto the AFM cantilever. Consequently, the cell–bead contact area is located on the bead surface. An addi ...
... The aim of our study is to measure the rheological properties of individual cells. We have designed a custom-made AFM apparatus, set on an inverted microscope [4]. A functionalized bead is glued onto the AFM cantilever. Consequently, the cell–bead contact area is located on the bead surface. An addi ...
Journal of Applied Microbiology
... USA) and Omp48 (48 kDa protein) was identified by SDSPAGE. Preparation of polyclonal antiserum and Western blot Polyclonal anti-Omp48 antiserum was raised in rabbits by immunization with Omp48 from Aer. veronii strain A186 according to Harlow and Lane (1988). Briefly, electro-eluted Omp48 was electr ...
... USA) and Omp48 (48 kDa protein) was identified by SDSPAGE. Preparation of polyclonal antiserum and Western blot Polyclonal anti-Omp48 antiserum was raised in rabbits by immunization with Omp48 from Aer. veronii strain A186 according to Harlow and Lane (1988). Briefly, electro-eluted Omp48 was electr ...
Plant chaperonins: a role in microtubule
... microtubule nucleation such as nuclear envelope and preprophase band. In addition, CCT~ was associated with tubulin in sites of elevated wall synthesis such as phragmoplast or along secondary-wall thickenings. CCTr and its substrate tubulin were found to be soluble during periods of cytoskeletal dyn ...
... microtubule nucleation such as nuclear envelope and preprophase band. In addition, CCT~ was associated with tubulin in sites of elevated wall synthesis such as phragmoplast or along secondary-wall thickenings. CCTr and its substrate tubulin were found to be soluble during periods of cytoskeletal dyn ...
The DsbA Signal Sequence Directs Efficient
... Labeling with [35S]methionine and immunoprecipitation. Cells were grown at 37°C in M63 salts supplemented with all the amino acids except methionine and cysteine, 0.2% glucose, and 1 mM IPTG. When the culture reached an optical density at 600 nm of approximately 0.2, aliquots for the control sample ...
... Labeling with [35S]methionine and immunoprecipitation. Cells were grown at 37°C in M63 salts supplemented with all the amino acids except methionine and cysteine, 0.2% glucose, and 1 mM IPTG. When the culture reached an optical density at 600 nm of approximately 0.2, aliquots for the control sample ...
V. Organogenesis and Tissue Mechanics
... Physical scientists have also characterized the behavior of materials that actively respond to their environment mechanically, chemically, or electrically (liquid crystal displays on electronic devices are one such example), and term this category "excitable media"[11]. The most ancient multicellula ...
... Physical scientists have also characterized the behavior of materials that actively respond to their environment mechanically, chemically, or electrically (liquid crystal displays on electronic devices are one such example), and term this category "excitable media"[11]. The most ancient multicellula ...
Expression of AMPA/kainate receptors during development of chick
... receptors were studied in retina cells developing in chick embryos and in retina cells cultured as retinospheroids, at the same stages of development. In the retinospheroids, the activity of the AMPA/kainate receptors was monitored by following the changes in the intracellular free calcium concentra ...
... receptors were studied in retina cells developing in chick embryos and in retina cells cultured as retinospheroids, at the same stages of development. In the retinospheroids, the activity of the AMPA/kainate receptors was monitored by following the changes in the intracellular free calcium concentra ...
Text S2.
... in agreement with neuron loss; the up-regulation of cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell motility and several pathways involved in growth signaling and adhesion in cancer likely reflects a compensatory mechanism for the neuron loss and/or the expansion of glial populations to cope with the tissue lo ...
... in agreement with neuron loss; the up-regulation of cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell motility and several pathways involved in growth signaling and adhesion in cancer likely reflects a compensatory mechanism for the neuron loss and/or the expansion of glial populations to cope with the tissue lo ...
Role of Membrane Potential in the Regulation of Cell Proliferation
... 200 Boston Ave., Boston, MA 02155, USA ...
... 200 Boston Ave., Boston, MA 02155, USA ...
Loss of AtPDR8, a Plasma Membrane ABC Transporter of
... appeared in wild-type plants (3 d.p.i.) (Fig. 4C). In contrast, the trypan blue dye was precipitated in atpdr8-1 epidermal and mesophyll cells where the zoospore droplets had been applied on the leaves (Fig. 4D). While little penetration of P. infestans hyphae into epidermal cells was observed in th ...
... appeared in wild-type plants (3 d.p.i.) (Fig. 4C). In contrast, the trypan blue dye was precipitated in atpdr8-1 epidermal and mesophyll cells where the zoospore droplets had been applied on the leaves (Fig. 4D). While little penetration of P. infestans hyphae into epidermal cells was observed in th ...
PDF Format - Kinexus Bioinformatics Corporation
... Kinexus has developed a powerful algorithm that predicts the frequency of occurrence of amino acids that border protein phosphorylation sites that are targeted by about 500 different human protein kinase catalytic domains. These kinase specificity matrices, which identify the optimal phosphosite am ...
... Kinexus has developed a powerful algorithm that predicts the frequency of occurrence of amino acids that border protein phosphorylation sites that are targeted by about 500 different human protein kinase catalytic domains. These kinase specificity matrices, which identify the optimal phosphosite am ...
6K2-induced vesicles can move cell to cell during
... et al., 1998). These data showed that the core domain of CP provides a function essential during cell-to-cell movement and that the variable N- and C-terminal regions exposed on the virion surface are necessary for long distance transport. CI is further associated with PD, producing conical structur ...
... et al., 1998). These data showed that the core domain of CP provides a function essential during cell-to-cell movement and that the variable N- and C-terminal regions exposed on the virion surface are necessary for long distance transport. CI is further associated with PD, producing conical structur ...
Gene Section MSF (MLL septin-like fusion) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... are produced when septins are mutated. Isolation of the yeast septins SPR3 and SPR28 with roles in sporulation, however, provided the initial evidence for other septin functions in addition to cytokinesis. Binding of Cdc12p to the mating hormone induced Afr1p and of Cdc10p to the chitin associated B ...
... are produced when septins are mutated. Isolation of the yeast septins SPR3 and SPR28 with roles in sporulation, however, provided the initial evidence for other septin functions in addition to cytokinesis. Binding of Cdc12p to the mating hormone induced Afr1p and of Cdc10p to the chitin associated B ...
Modular evolution of phosphorylation
... fact that the phosphorylation of serine/threonine sites is more ancient and more prevalent than tyrosine phosphorylation. A particular phosphopeptide-binding domain is often found within a sizeable group of proteins. For example, there are 121 SH2 domains in 111 human proteins that regulate such var ...
... fact that the phosphorylation of serine/threonine sites is more ancient and more prevalent than tyrosine phosphorylation. A particular phosphopeptide-binding domain is often found within a sizeable group of proteins. For example, there are 121 SH2 domains in 111 human proteins that regulate such var ...
Chapter 15. Recognition of foreign molecules by the immune system
... dileucine internalization motif is buried (leucines 413 and 414) (A). (B) The structured region of the CD8 complex is more modest; it consists of the Lck hairpin (red) and a 9-residue segment of CD8 (green) that contains the CxCP motif. (C) Superposition of the CD4 and CD8 complexes. The Zn 2+-bindi ...
... dileucine internalization motif is buried (leucines 413 and 414) (A). (B) The structured region of the CD8 complex is more modest; it consists of the Lck hairpin (red) and a 9-residue segment of CD8 (green) that contains the CxCP motif. (C) Superposition of the CD4 and CD8 complexes. The Zn 2+-bindi ...
Cytokinesis is blocked in mammalian cells transfected with
... The multinuclear phenotype was manifested by the carboxy-terminal 179 amino acids of CT223p (Fig. 4). A reduced but still significant level of multinuclear cells were identified in cells transfected with a plasmid encoding only the carboxy-terminal 56 amino acids of CT223p, but, transfection of a pl ...
... The multinuclear phenotype was manifested by the carboxy-terminal 179 amino acids of CT223p (Fig. 4). A reduced but still significant level of multinuclear cells were identified in cells transfected with a plasmid encoding only the carboxy-terminal 56 amino acids of CT223p, but, transfection of a pl ...
Primary cell wall
... •In cellulose beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds alternate up and down the plane of the molecule. In starch α-1,4 glycosidic bonds are all on the same side. •These chemical differences are at the base of the different functions of these molecules in plant cells. •Cellulose is not digested by animals. ...
... •In cellulose beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds alternate up and down the plane of the molecule. In starch α-1,4 glycosidic bonds are all on the same side. •These chemical differences are at the base of the different functions of these molecules in plant cells. •Cellulose is not digested by animals. ...
Modifications of the E.coli Lac repressor for expression in eukaryotic
... a powerful tool for the control of gene expression in a variety of experimental systems (6, 7). For increased utility in eukaryotic expression systems, the elements of the lactose operon can be modified in a number of ways. One such modification is the fusion of the Lac repressor to nuclear localiza ...
... a powerful tool for the control of gene expression in a variety of experimental systems (6, 7). For increased utility in eukaryotic expression systems, the elements of the lactose operon can be modified in a number of ways. One such modification is the fusion of the Lac repressor to nuclear localiza ...
how cells release chemical energy
... stage, after coenzymes give up electrons and hydrogen to electron transfer chains. These chains are the machinery of (14) ...
... stage, after coenzymes give up electrons and hydrogen to electron transfer chains. These chains are the machinery of (14) ...
YSK1 is activated by the Golgi matrix protein GM130 and plays a
... 5 E). This supports the model that a pool of activated YSK1 exists at the Golgi apparatus. Phosphorylation at the equivalent position of the T-loop in many other kinases is an important determinant for their activation (Russo et al., 1996). Mutation of the T-loop threonine to alanine to give YSK1T17 ...
... 5 E). This supports the model that a pool of activated YSK1 exists at the Golgi apparatus. Phosphorylation at the equivalent position of the T-loop in many other kinases is an important determinant for their activation (Russo et al., 1996). Mutation of the T-loop threonine to alanine to give YSK1T17 ...
Biologie des ARN/RNA Biology
... Mechanisms of RNA Localization • RNAs can be localized via distinct mechanisms, including: 1) Active transport on cytoskeletal elements; 2) Random diffusion and capture; 3) Vectorial export from the nucleus and local cytoplasmic diffusion; and 4) General degradation coupled to localized protection. ...
... Mechanisms of RNA Localization • RNAs can be localized via distinct mechanisms, including: 1) Active transport on cytoskeletal elements; 2) Random diffusion and capture; 3) Vectorial export from the nucleus and local cytoplasmic diffusion; and 4) General degradation coupled to localized protection. ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.