research article Numerical study of the electroporation pulse shape
... world and for this reason it has drawn the attention of many researchers. Chemotherapy has been used for many years and is one of the most common treatments for cancer. Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs are usually hydrophilic with very low transport through the cell membrane and thus high doses of t ...
... world and for this reason it has drawn the attention of many researchers. Chemotherapy has been used for many years and is one of the most common treatments for cancer. Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs are usually hydrophilic with very low transport through the cell membrane and thus high doses of t ...
Automatically Extracting Structured Information from Biomedical Text University of Texas at Austin
... Other recent studies have identified human cyclin D1 (PRAD1) as a putative G1 cyclin and candidate proto-oncogene. However, the specific enzymatic activities and, hence, the precise biochemical mechanisms through which cyclins function to govern cell cycle progression remain unresolved. In the prese ...
... Other recent studies have identified human cyclin D1 (PRAD1) as a putative G1 cyclin and candidate proto-oncogene. However, the specific enzymatic activities and, hence, the precise biochemical mechanisms through which cyclins function to govern cell cycle progression remain unresolved. In the prese ...
The cell biology of neural stem and progenitor cells - MPI
... By analogy with other epithelial cells, the apical plasma membrane of APs can be divided into at least three subdomains, (i) the planar portion constituting the ventricular surface, (ii) the subapical domain between the ventricular apical membrane and the lateral adherens junctions, and (iii) the me ...
... By analogy with other epithelial cells, the apical plasma membrane of APs can be divided into at least three subdomains, (i) the planar portion constituting the ventricular surface, (ii) the subapical domain between the ventricular apical membrane and the lateral adherens junctions, and (iii) the me ...
Lesson 4 Section 9.2 Electrochemical Impulse
... This happens from the axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another Neurons have a rich supply of positive (+) and negative (-) ions both inside and outside the cell Negative ions are too large to pass through the cell membrane The positive ions do have the ability to diffuse in and out of the cell ...
... This happens from the axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another Neurons have a rich supply of positive (+) and negative (-) ions both inside and outside the cell Negative ions are too large to pass through the cell membrane The positive ions do have the ability to diffuse in and out of the cell ...
MITOCHONDRIAL PLASTICITY IN SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS
... II Succinate CoQ Reductase III Cytochrome b-c1 IV Cyctochrome c-oxidase V ATP synthase ...
... II Succinate CoQ Reductase III Cytochrome b-c1 IV Cyctochrome c-oxidase V ATP synthase ...
Setting sail for glucose homeostasis with the AKAP150PP2Banchor
... (PP2B or calcineurin—a Ca2þ /calmodulin-dependent enzyme) are examples of enzymes that can influence the release of insulin. The combined effects of these enzymes propagate GSIS, which is mediated intracellularly via an increase in ATP concentration, Ca2þ influx via the voltagedependent Ca2þ channel ( ...
... (PP2B or calcineurin—a Ca2þ /calmodulin-dependent enzyme) are examples of enzymes that can influence the release of insulin. The combined effects of these enzymes propagate GSIS, which is mediated intracellularly via an increase in ATP concentration, Ca2þ influx via the voltagedependent Ca2þ channel ( ...
Text S1.
... Gardner et al.[7] noted that although all genes and promoters that comprised the toggle switch were placed on a single plasmid, they could, in principle, be divided into two separate plasmids without altering functionality of the switch. Our experiments, based on this premise, however, did not yield ...
... Gardner et al.[7] noted that although all genes and promoters that comprised the toggle switch were placed on a single plasmid, they could, in principle, be divided into two separate plasmids without altering functionality of the switch. Our experiments, based on this premise, however, did not yield ...
Why a need for Systems Biology
... RNA to protein. With other words: the amino acid sequence making up a protein, its structure and function, is determined by the DNA transcription. • “This states that once ‘information’ has passed into protein it cannot get out again. In more detail, the transfer of information from nucleic acid to ...
... RNA to protein. With other words: the amino acid sequence making up a protein, its structure and function, is determined by the DNA transcription. • “This states that once ‘information’ has passed into protein it cannot get out again. In more detail, the transfer of information from nucleic acid to ...
Synaptic Responses of Cortical Pyramidal Neurons to Light
... text. Geniculocorticalafferentscontactboth GABAergicnon-pyramidalcells(la) that providefeed-forwardinhibition of pyramidalcells(2) and pyramidalcell apicaldendrites(lb). Therearealsopathwaysfor recurrentinhibition (3), and reciprocalexcitation(4). they form inhibitory terminals onto the somata and p ...
... text. Geniculocorticalafferentscontactboth GABAergicnon-pyramidalcells(la) that providefeed-forwardinhibition of pyramidalcells(2) and pyramidalcell apicaldendrites(lb). Therearealsopathwaysfor recurrentinhibition (3), and reciprocalexcitation(4). they form inhibitory terminals onto the somata and p ...
The diguanylate cyclase YddV controls production of
... resulted in a significant increase in intracellular c-diGMP concentrations, consistent with production of active proteins; however, while overproduction of the AdrA and the YdaM proteins resulted in a more than 150-fold increase in intracellular c-di-GMP, in agreement with previous observations (Ant ...
... resulted in a significant increase in intracellular c-diGMP concentrations, consistent with production of active proteins; however, while overproduction of the AdrA and the YdaM proteins resulted in a more than 150-fold increase in intracellular c-di-GMP, in agreement with previous observations (Ant ...
Concept 3.1 Nucleic Acids Are Informational
... • 1st: energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed (energy of the universe is constant) • 2nd: every energy transfer of transformation makes the universe more disordered (every process increases the entropy of the universe) • Entropy: quantitative measure of diso ...
... • 1st: energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed (energy of the universe is constant) • 2nd: every energy transfer of transformation makes the universe more disordered (every process increases the entropy of the universe) • Entropy: quantitative measure of diso ...
Bacteriophage Multiplication—Dependence on Host Physiology
... exponential growth conditions is closely correlated with growth rate 1/ [8, 17]. This conclusion was substantiated by raising cell size (and hence the PSS) using certain experimental manipulations that do not affect PSS concentration [2]: (a) specific inhibition of cell division by Pn [15]; (b) del ...
... exponential growth conditions is closely correlated with growth rate 1/ [8, 17]. This conclusion was substantiated by raising cell size (and hence the PSS) using certain experimental manipulations that do not affect PSS concentration [2]: (a) specific inhibition of cell division by Pn [15]; (b) del ...
Glutamate Controls the Induction of GABA
... [Ca21]i (Leinekugel et al. 1995). Therefore GDPs are strictly associated with spontaneous calcium oscillations occurring in groups of neighboring cells (Garaschuk et al. 1998). These highly correlated calcium signals are thought to be essential for consolidation of synaptic connections and developme ...
... [Ca21]i (Leinekugel et al. 1995). Therefore GDPs are strictly associated with spontaneous calcium oscillations occurring in groups of neighboring cells (Garaschuk et al. 1998). These highly correlated calcium signals are thought to be essential for consolidation of synaptic connections and developme ...
Chapter 12 Lecture Outline
... • About 1 trillion neurons in the nervous system • Neuroglia outnumber neurons by at least 10 to 1 • Neuroglia or glial cells – Protect neurons and help them function – Bind neurons together and form framework for nervous tissue – In fetus, guide migrating neurons to their destination – If mature ne ...
... • About 1 trillion neurons in the nervous system • Neuroglia outnumber neurons by at least 10 to 1 • Neuroglia or glial cells – Protect neurons and help them function – Bind neurons together and form framework for nervous tissue – In fetus, guide migrating neurons to their destination – If mature ne ...
Developmental Analysis of a Putative ATP/ADP Carrier Protein
... et al. 1968). Peroxisomes are transformed from glyoxysomes to leaf peroxisomes in greening cotyledons of fatty seedlings, and this transformation is controlled by light (Nishimura et al. 1993, Titus and Becker 1985). The reverse conversion from leaf peroxisomes to glyoxysomes also occurs in senescin ...
... et al. 1968). Peroxisomes are transformed from glyoxysomes to leaf peroxisomes in greening cotyledons of fatty seedlings, and this transformation is controlled by light (Nishimura et al. 1993, Titus and Becker 1985). The reverse conversion from leaf peroxisomes to glyoxysomes also occurs in senescin ...
Minimal domain of bacterial phytochrome required for chromophore binding and fluorescence
... a new Cys252 residue became responsible for this function. Our hypothesis was based on the similarity between the position of Cys252 and chromphore-binding Cys residues in the GAF domains of plant and cyanobacterial phytochromes, which utilize reduced tetrapyrrole bilins such as phytochromobilin and ...
... a new Cys252 residue became responsible for this function. Our hypothesis was based on the similarity between the position of Cys252 and chromphore-binding Cys residues in the GAF domains of plant and cyanobacterial phytochromes, which utilize reduced tetrapyrrole bilins such as phytochromobilin and ...
UNDERSTANDING THE INTRACELLULAR NICHE IN CNIDARIAN
... The nature and mechanisms of interactions of apicomplexan parasites with their hosts cells has been an active area of research and a SCOPUS search for publications on just one of the apicomplexans (Plasmodium) returns over 38 780 hits, whereas a search for “Symbiodinium OR zooxanthella” returns 1337 ...
... The nature and mechanisms of interactions of apicomplexan parasites with their hosts cells has been an active area of research and a SCOPUS search for publications on just one of the apicomplexans (Plasmodium) returns over 38 780 hits, whereas a search for “Symbiodinium OR zooxanthella” returns 1337 ...
Effect of Combining Bcl-2 Inhibition and Radiation on Apoptotic Cell
... growth and cell survival. Current treatment for cancer employs a combination of modalities including surgery, radiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, and immunotherapy. Our lab focuses on personalized medicine and treatments that can specifically target molecular features of a tumor as presented by the p ...
... growth and cell survival. Current treatment for cancer employs a combination of modalities including surgery, radiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, and immunotherapy. Our lab focuses on personalized medicine and treatments that can specifically target molecular features of a tumor as presented by the p ...
iGCSE revision notes topic 2 (Part 1) Cells, animal
... 4. Movement in and out of cells Active transport: Discuss the importance of active transport as an energyconsuming process by which substances are transported against a concentration gradient, e.g. ion uptake by root hairs and uptake of glucose by epithelial cells of villi Osmosis: Define osmosis a ...
... 4. Movement in and out of cells Active transport: Discuss the importance of active transport as an energyconsuming process by which substances are transported against a concentration gradient, e.g. ion uptake by root hairs and uptake of glucose by epithelial cells of villi Osmosis: Define osmosis a ...
Oxypred: Prediction and Classification of Oxygen-Binding
... Oxygen-binding proteins are widely present in eukaryotes ranging from non-vertebrates to humans (1 ). Moreover, these proteins have also been reported to be present in many prokaryotes and protozoans (2 ). The occurrence of oxygen-binding proteins in all kingdoms of organisms, though not in all orga ...
... Oxygen-binding proteins are widely present in eukaryotes ranging from non-vertebrates to humans (1 ). Moreover, these proteins have also been reported to be present in many prokaryotes and protozoans (2 ). The occurrence of oxygen-binding proteins in all kingdoms of organisms, though not in all orga ...
the animal body: introduction tostructure and function
... 1. Motor neuron releases acetylcholine into the cleft between the neuron and muscle fiber. 2. Acetylcholine causes the depolarization of the sarcolemma and the transmission of an action potential. 3. The impulse spreads through the T tubules and stimulates Ca2+ ion release from the sarcoplasmic reti ...
... 1. Motor neuron releases acetylcholine into the cleft between the neuron and muscle fiber. 2. Acetylcholine causes the depolarization of the sarcolemma and the transmission of an action potential. 3. The impulse spreads through the T tubules and stimulates Ca2+ ion release from the sarcoplasmic reti ...
Knox, Kirstin : An Introduction To Motif Based Functional Classification of Large Protein Families
... (Gotoh 1996, Heger and Holm 2000), problems may arise when more than one domain is present in a protein (Mulder and Apweiler, 2001). In this case, it is possible that similarities found to one domain of a given protein may end up masking or overwhelming similarities to another domain. This problem i ...
... (Gotoh 1996, Heger and Holm 2000), problems may arise when more than one domain is present in a protein (Mulder and Apweiler, 2001). In this case, it is possible that similarities found to one domain of a given protein may end up masking or overwhelming similarities to another domain. This problem i ...
Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling
... Converting this chemical potential to electrical potential involves ion channels, pores formed by clusters of specialized proteins that span the membrane. Ion channels allow ions to diffuse back and forth across the membrane. o As ions diffuse through channels, they carry with them units of electric ...
... Converting this chemical potential to electrical potential involves ion channels, pores formed by clusters of specialized proteins that span the membrane. Ion channels allow ions to diffuse back and forth across the membrane. o As ions diffuse through channels, they carry with them units of electric ...
Synovial fibroblasts: key players in rheumatoid
... high expression of fos and jun, which are involved in the formation of the AP-1 transcription factor, appears to be mediated through upstream oncogenes like ras, scr and raf. These oncogenes, in turn, are activation molecules for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. MAP kinases, in part ...
... high expression of fos and jun, which are involved in the formation of the AP-1 transcription factor, appears to be mediated through upstream oncogenes like ras, scr and raf. These oncogenes, in turn, are activation molecules for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. MAP kinases, in part ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.