Sodium in smooth muscle relaxation - AJP
... Goodford (11) has proposed a or may not block calcium influx and efflux at the same two-stage calcium removal process in the membrane rate (10, 13). However, it is being assumed that such consisting first of an energy-requiring process followed error will exist in both the control as well as test ca ...
... Goodford (11) has proposed a or may not block calcium influx and efflux at the same two-stage calcium removal process in the membrane rate (10, 13). However, it is being assumed that such consisting first of an energy-requiring process followed error will exist in both the control as well as test ca ...
Promoting central nervous system regeneration: Lessons from
... tissue, peripheral nerve or Schwann cell grafts, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and, more recently, bone marrow stromal and other progenitor (-like) cells (for reviews, see e.g. Bunge and Pearse; 2003; Emsley et al., 2005; Myckatyn et al., 2004; Reier, 2004; Harvey et al., 2006; Nandoe et al., 2 ...
... tissue, peripheral nerve or Schwann cell grafts, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and, more recently, bone marrow stromal and other progenitor (-like) cells (for reviews, see e.g. Bunge and Pearse; 2003; Emsley et al., 2005; Myckatyn et al., 2004; Reier, 2004; Harvey et al., 2006; Nandoe et al., 2 ...
Regulation of Natural Killer and CD4 T cell function by
... Activation of NK cell functions is controlled by the balance between inhibitory and activating signals. As mentioned, engagement of inhibitory receptors on NK cells by self MHC-I molecules allows recognition of normal cells and prevents autoreactivity. Downmodulation of MHC-I may happen in tumors an ...
... Activation of NK cell functions is controlled by the balance between inhibitory and activating signals. As mentioned, engagement of inhibitory receptors on NK cells by self MHC-I molecules allows recognition of normal cells and prevents autoreactivity. Downmodulation of MHC-I may happen in tumors an ...
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... magnification image taken at P6 (Fig. 1C), which shows that the pSmad1/5/8 signal extends across the retina at this age. Throughout this period, there is also pSmad1/5/8 immunofluorescence in the ganglion cells that persists until at least P14 (Fig. 1A; GCL). Western blot analysis of total Smad1/5/8 ...
... magnification image taken at P6 (Fig. 1C), which shows that the pSmad1/5/8 signal extends across the retina at this age. Throughout this period, there is also pSmad1/5/8 immunofluorescence in the ganglion cells that persists until at least P14 (Fig. 1A; GCL). Western blot analysis of total Smad1/5/8 ...
Positive and Negative Regulation of Muscle Cell
... BstXI and EcoRI to release the DNA insert. The EcoRI site at the 59 end of the insert was then blunted by Klenow DNA polymerase and subcloned into the pBluescript-SK BstXI site that had been partially blunted by T4 DNA polymerase. The resulting plasmid, pBluescript-SK-twhh5.2, was digested with SacI ...
... BstXI and EcoRI to release the DNA insert. The EcoRI site at the 59 end of the insert was then blunted by Klenow DNA polymerase and subcloned into the pBluescript-SK BstXI site that had been partially blunted by T4 DNA polymerase. The resulting plasmid, pBluescript-SK-twhh5.2, was digested with SacI ...
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) adhesion to intestinal
... associated with A/E adhesion and intestinal colonization include bundle-forming pili (BFP), EspA filaments and intimin. BFP are involved in bacteria–bacteria interaction and microcolony formation but their role in cell adhesion remains unclear; EspA filaments are components of the EPEC type III secr ...
... associated with A/E adhesion and intestinal colonization include bundle-forming pili (BFP), EspA filaments and intimin. BFP are involved in bacteria–bacteria interaction and microcolony formation but their role in cell adhesion remains unclear; EspA filaments are components of the EPEC type III secr ...
A Unique Role for Kv3 Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels in
... Miller, 1986). This included four to five primary dendrites that first branched into thin, wavy, intermediate segments that then divided into a dense plexus of distal branches showing numerous varicosities (Fig. 1C). Although it remains controversial as to whether starburst amacrine cells can suppor ...
... Miller, 1986). This included four to five primary dendrites that first branched into thin, wavy, intermediate segments that then divided into a dense plexus of distal branches showing numerous varicosities (Fig. 1C). Although it remains controversial as to whether starburst amacrine cells can suppor ...
Co-Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana Phytochelatin Synthase and Treponema denticola
... significant growth inhibition was observed in the presence of cysteine (Table I), even though the presence of cysteine desulfhydrase partially reduced the level of growth inhibition. While cells expressing cysteine desulfhydrase accumulated 25% more arsenite than the wild-type strain BY4742 even in t ...
... significant growth inhibition was observed in the presence of cysteine (Table I), even though the presence of cysteine desulfhydrase partially reduced the level of growth inhibition. While cells expressing cysteine desulfhydrase accumulated 25% more arsenite than the wild-type strain BY4742 even in t ...
Characterization of Pinin, A Novel Protein Associated with the
... as judged by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, which was found to be associated with all mature desmosomes (Ouyang and Sugrue, 1992). This molecule, which was identified by mAb 08L, is now referred to as pinin. The 08L antibody stained the intracellular side of lateral epithelial cell margins near the ...
... as judged by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, which was found to be associated with all mature desmosomes (Ouyang and Sugrue, 1992). This molecule, which was identified by mAb 08L, is now referred to as pinin. The 08L antibody stained the intracellular side of lateral epithelial cell margins near the ...
Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,...
... substrates of the gamma-secretase complex mediated regulated intramembrane proteolysis (Ebinu and Yankner 2002). In fact, a significant analogy in the proteolytic processing of both APP and Notch can be found during the two sequential cleavages of regulated intramembrane proteolysis. Both receptors u ...
... substrates of the gamma-secretase complex mediated regulated intramembrane proteolysis (Ebinu and Yankner 2002). In fact, a significant analogy in the proteolytic processing of both APP and Notch can be found during the two sequential cleavages of regulated intramembrane proteolysis. Both receptors u ...
Staphylococcus aureus Complement-Independent Phagocytosis of
... epithelial cells (21). Recent studies have demonstrated that the binding of these three glycopolymers to host PRRs activates the innate immune system and induces the release of inflammatory molecules (22). However, because of the challenges involved in purifying components of the bacterial cell wall ...
... epithelial cells (21). Recent studies have demonstrated that the binding of these three glycopolymers to host PRRs activates the innate immune system and induces the release of inflammatory molecules (22). However, because of the challenges involved in purifying components of the bacterial cell wall ...
Mesoderm migration in Drosophila is a multi-step process
... molecules that could contribute to specific steps during mesoderm migration to test the hypothesis that mesoderm migration has temporally distinct inputs. We chose to examine the small GTPase Rap1 and integrins, as both have been implicated in migration and linked to FGF signaling (Mori et al., 2008 ...
... molecules that could contribute to specific steps during mesoderm migration to test the hypothesis that mesoderm migration has temporally distinct inputs. We chose to examine the small GTPase Rap1 and integrins, as both have been implicated in migration and linked to FGF signaling (Mori et al., 2008 ...
p53 transcriptional activity is essential for p53dependent apoptosis
... Gln22Ser23 mutations) at the N-terminus of human p53 appear to disrupt both the transcriptional activation and repression activities of p53 (Lin et al., 1994; Murphy et al., 1996; Roemer et al., 1996). In response to DNA damage and other cellular stresses, the cellular levels of p53 protein are grea ...
... Gln22Ser23 mutations) at the N-terminus of human p53 appear to disrupt both the transcriptional activation and repression activities of p53 (Lin et al., 1994; Murphy et al., 1996; Roemer et al., 1996). In response to DNA damage and other cellular stresses, the cellular levels of p53 protein are grea ...
mtf aortic and pulmonic allograft valves/conduits
... During the thaw procedure, when the frozen cryoprotectant inside the pouch has turned to slush and the entire allograft is freely moveable within its pouch by visual examination, immediately begin the dilution phase of the process. Once the allograft is ready for transplantation, it is recommended t ...
... During the thaw procedure, when the frozen cryoprotectant inside the pouch has turned to slush and the entire allograft is freely moveable within its pouch by visual examination, immediately begin the dilution phase of the process. Once the allograft is ready for transplantation, it is recommended t ...
Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B
... lysates with cyclic AMP-agarose and immunoblotted eluates for the presence of LC1 (Fig. 1a). We found that LC1 did indeed copurify with EPAC1 on cyclic AMP-agarose, but it did not purify with AMP-agarose (Fig. 1a). We were able to purify approximately 90% of EPAC1 from cell lysates with cyclic AMP a ...
... lysates with cyclic AMP-agarose and immunoblotted eluates for the presence of LC1 (Fig. 1a). We found that LC1 did indeed copurify with EPAC1 on cyclic AMP-agarose, but it did not purify with AMP-agarose (Fig. 1a). We were able to purify approximately 90% of EPAC1 from cell lysates with cyclic AMP a ...
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... Haemoglobin, which is a tetramer, rapidly dissociates into haemoglobin dimers that are immediately bound by plasma haptoglobin. Haptoglobin is rapidly saturated and cleared by ...
... Haemoglobin, which is a tetramer, rapidly dissociates into haemoglobin dimers that are immediately bound by plasma haptoglobin. Haptoglobin is rapidly saturated and cleared by ...
High density lipoprotein-associated lysosphingolipids reduce E
... (2.4 0.3 ng/105 cells) reached within 4–8 h. E-selectin induction decreased thereafter and reached basal levels by 24–48 h (not shown). Neither HDL nor SPC and LSF affected total E-selectin levels in unstimulated cells. However, preincubation of HUVECs for 15 min with HDL (1 g/L), SPC (10 lmol/L), ...
... (2.4 0.3 ng/105 cells) reached within 4–8 h. E-selectin induction decreased thereafter and reached basal levels by 24–48 h (not shown). Neither HDL nor SPC and LSF affected total E-selectin levels in unstimulated cells. However, preincubation of HUVECs for 15 min with HDL (1 g/L), SPC (10 lmol/L), ...
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... (Grobstein, 1955; Saxen etal. 1968). The mechanisms underlying these developmental processes have been studied using organ cultures of either whole kidney rudiments or transfilter cultures where the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues have been separated. In transfilter cultures the epithelial ureter ...
... (Grobstein, 1955; Saxen etal. 1968). The mechanisms underlying these developmental processes have been studied using organ cultures of either whole kidney rudiments or transfilter cultures where the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues have been separated. In transfilter cultures the epithelial ureter ...
Hormonal regulation of stem cell maintenance in roots
... which is a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Auxin-bound TIR1/AFBs targets the transcriptional repressor of the auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) family for proteosome-mediated degradation. Without auxin, the Aux/ IAA repressor is bound to auxin response factors (ARFs). After the prot ...
... which is a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Auxin-bound TIR1/AFBs targets the transcriptional repressor of the auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) family for proteosome-mediated degradation. Without auxin, the Aux/ IAA repressor is bound to auxin response factors (ARFs). After the prot ...
Exploiting the chick embryonic environment to reprogram
... is entirely my own work, except where indicated in the text. ...
... is entirely my own work, except where indicated in the text. ...
Signalling and neural crest migration pathways - Development
... in the premigratory neural crest populations of r3 and r5 (Graham et al., 1993), mediated by Bmp4 signalling from the even rhombomeres. This induces Msx2 in r3 and r5, leading to the elimination of neural crest before migration (Ellies et al., 2000; Graham et al., 1994; Graham et al., 1993). Hence, ...
... in the premigratory neural crest populations of r3 and r5 (Graham et al., 1993), mediated by Bmp4 signalling from the even rhombomeres. This induces Msx2 in r3 and r5, leading to the elimination of neural crest before migration (Ellies et al., 2000; Graham et al., 1994; Graham et al., 1993). Hence, ...
Emergent Synchronous Bursting of Oxytocin Neuronal Network
... cells and (in virgin rats) about 3.2 ng of oxytocin, about 95% of which is in the dendrites [11]. Oxytocin cells have 2–5 dendrites, several hundred micrometres long, which are filled with neurosecretory vesicles that can also be released by exocytosis [12]. In a virgin rat, each cell has .10,000 ve ...
... cells and (in virgin rats) about 3.2 ng of oxytocin, about 95% of which is in the dendrites [11]. Oxytocin cells have 2–5 dendrites, several hundred micrometres long, which are filled with neurosecretory vesicles that can also be released by exocytosis [12]. In a virgin rat, each cell has .10,000 ve ...
The relative roles of specific N- and C
... approaches to date have involved the use of antibodies directed against these protein kinases (see Materials and Methods). In each case the antibodies tested showed no cross reactivity on western blots (data not shown). Mitotic phosphorylation of vimentin is mediated by two protein kinases Previousl ...
... approaches to date have involved the use of antibodies directed against these protein kinases (see Materials and Methods). In each case the antibodies tested showed no cross reactivity on western blots (data not shown). Mitotic phosphorylation of vimentin is mediated by two protein kinases Previousl ...
Pancreas or liver choice within endoderm
... pig antibodies to glucagon and insulin were from Linco Research, Inc., with normal guinea pig IgG as a control (the latter giving no signals; data not shown). Antibody reactions were performed as ...
... pig antibodies to glucagon and insulin were from Linco Research, Inc., with normal guinea pig IgG as a control (the latter giving no signals; data not shown). Antibody reactions were performed as ...
Developmental stage‐specific expression of Rbm suggests its
... 43 kDa in size that, among tissues tested, was speci®c to the testis (Figure 2A). The molecular weight of the Rbm-speci®c band concurred with the predicted size of the protein. Moreover, ectopic expression of Rbm in cultured cells also produced a single band of the identical size (data not shown). T ...
... 43 kDa in size that, among tissues tested, was speci®c to the testis (Figure 2A). The molecular weight of the Rbm-speci®c band concurred with the predicted size of the protein. Moreover, ectopic expression of Rbm in cultured cells also produced a single band of the identical size (data not shown). T ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.