The P2Y12 receptor regulates microglial activation by extracellular
... known to change following CNS injury20, and we therefore asked whether P2Y12 expression varies with the extent of microglial activation. To address this question, we first used an ex vivo tissue preparation to examine the time-course of P2Y12 expression following neural injury. To induce neural inju ...
... known to change following CNS injury20, and we therefore asked whether P2Y12 expression varies with the extent of microglial activation. To address this question, we first used an ex vivo tissue preparation to examine the time-course of P2Y12 expression following neural injury. To induce neural inju ...
Somatic Embryogenesis
... method of micropropagation where shoot culture has not been successful (but note however that in some attempts to clone oil palms through embryogenesis, the resulting plants have been very variable); • Providing embryogenic cell suspensions can be established, plantlets can theoretically be produced ...
... method of micropropagation where shoot culture has not been successful (but note however that in some attempts to clone oil palms through embryogenesis, the resulting plants have been very variable); • Providing embryogenic cell suspensions can be established, plantlets can theoretically be produced ...
Farnesoid X Receptor Ligands Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell
... HASMC migration was inhibited by 6ECDCA. This difference most likely reflects that the RASMC cell line is already partially active in culture (as seen by low levels of basally expressed iNOS and COX-2). By contrast, in hepatic stellate cells 29 FXR ligands induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 act ...
... HASMC migration was inhibited by 6ECDCA. This difference most likely reflects that the RASMC cell line is already partially active in culture (as seen by low levels of basally expressed iNOS and COX-2). By contrast, in hepatic stellate cells 29 FXR ligands induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 act ...
Antibody Binding to Cryptococcus neoformans Impairs Budding by
... IgG3 variant had no effect on capsule mechanical properties (Fig. 2B, Supplemental Video 11). The differences observed among the 3E5 switch variants correlated with their opsonic activity (19) and are consistent with previous reports demonstrating the importance of isotype in Ab-binding properties a ...
... IgG3 variant had no effect on capsule mechanical properties (Fig. 2B, Supplemental Video 11). The differences observed among the 3E5 switch variants correlated with their opsonic activity (19) and are consistent with previous reports demonstrating the importance of isotype in Ab-binding properties a ...
Early development of the zebrafish pronephros and analysis of
... Early development of the pronephros Previous studies have established that the pronephric ducts are fully formed and patent to the exterior by 24 hours postfertilization (hpf) (Kimmel et al., 1995). However, the formation of the pronephric tubules and glomeruli in zebrafish has not been described. G ...
... Early development of the pronephros Previous studies have established that the pronephric ducts are fully formed and patent to the exterior by 24 hours postfertilization (hpf) (Kimmel et al., 1995). However, the formation of the pronephric tubules and glomeruli in zebrafish has not been described. G ...
Cathepsin D released by lactating rat mammary epithelial cells is
... environment of mammary gland has not been described. Moreover, this protease is believed to require a very acidic pH to exert its activity, a condition that is unlikely to be found in the pericellular space. For a better comprehension of the physiological significance of PRL cleavage by the mammary ...
... environment of mammary gland has not been described. Moreover, this protease is believed to require a very acidic pH to exert its activity, a condition that is unlikely to be found in the pericellular space. For a better comprehension of the physiological significance of PRL cleavage by the mammary ...
Monolignol glucosides as intermediate compounds in
... large amount of MLGs is found in the lignifying secondary wall of gymnosperm tracheid (Morikawa et al. 2010) and that their turnover is slow (Marcinowski and Grisebach 1977). MLGs were not found, or only in small amounts, in lignifying xylem of most angiosperm trees except for Magnoliaceae and Oleac ...
... large amount of MLGs is found in the lignifying secondary wall of gymnosperm tracheid (Morikawa et al. 2010) and that their turnover is slow (Marcinowski and Grisebach 1977). MLGs were not found, or only in small amounts, in lignifying xylem of most angiosperm trees except for Magnoliaceae and Oleac ...
title of the thesis - UWSpace
... I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ...
... I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ...
Protein kinase Ca activation by RET: evidence for a negative
... and GFRa4) gives different ligands the specificity of binding to RET-GFRa complex. The GFRa receptors are linked to the cell membrane via glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchors. This signaling complex is essential for the development of the kidney and some structures of central and peripheral ne ...
... and GFRa4) gives different ligands the specificity of binding to RET-GFRa complex. The GFRa receptors are linked to the cell membrane via glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchors. This signaling complex is essential for the development of the kidney and some structures of central and peripheral ne ...
Use of Phenylboronic Acids to Investigate Boron
... required for plant growth (Warington, 1923) and yet only recently has a definitive role for boron been identified in plant cell walls (Kobayashi et al., 1996; O’Neill et al., 1996, 2001; Matoh, 1997; Ishii et al., 1999). A sole role for boron in plant cell walls, however, is inadequate to explain al ...
... required for plant growth (Warington, 1923) and yet only recently has a definitive role for boron been identified in plant cell walls (Kobayashi et al., 1996; O’Neill et al., 1996, 2001; Matoh, 1997; Ishii et al., 1999). A sole role for boron in plant cell walls, however, is inadequate to explain al ...
Consensus guidance for the use of debridement techniques
... clinical practice. It was also agreed that clinicians should be able to recognise the indications and contraindications of the various methods, and the limitations of their own skills and competency, so that timely and appropriate referral can be made in order that the patient receives the most appr ...
... clinical practice. It was also agreed that clinicians should be able to recognise the indications and contraindications of the various methods, and the limitations of their own skills and competency, so that timely and appropriate referral can be made in order that the patient receives the most appr ...
Expanded GAA repeats impair FXN gene expression and reposition
... H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 (8,10). It has been suggested that these epigenetic changes surrounding the GAA expansion impair RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation (12), but also spread upstream towards the FXN promoter, inducing a non-permissive chromatin configuration for transcription initiation, altering ...
... H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 (8,10). It has been suggested that these epigenetic changes surrounding the GAA expansion impair RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation (12), but also spread upstream towards the FXN promoter, inducing a non-permissive chromatin configuration for transcription initiation, altering ...
Effects of the regulatory proteins MITF and TFEB on
... 14-3-3 which causes the transcription factor to stay in the cytosol (see Figure 1), (Martina & Puertollano 2013). In fully fed cells, most TFEB protein is found bound to 14-3-3 in the cytosol but a fraction is always present on the lysosomal surface where mTORC1 keeps it phosphorylated. As soon as t ...
... 14-3-3 which causes the transcription factor to stay in the cytosol (see Figure 1), (Martina & Puertollano 2013). In fully fed cells, most TFEB protein is found bound to 14-3-3 in the cytosol but a fraction is always present on the lysosomal surface where mTORC1 keeps it phosphorylated. As soon as t ...
GENETIC CONTROL OF TISSUE SPECIFIC GROWTH IN THE
... on the apical extracellular matrix (aECM) of the trachea cells organized into evenly spaced ridges called taenidiea. The taenidiea appear as rings or spirals that are anchored by an underlying actin cytoskeleton (Matusek et al., 2006), and are able to expand their spacing relative to each other as t ...
... on the apical extracellular matrix (aECM) of the trachea cells organized into evenly spaced ridges called taenidiea. The taenidiea appear as rings or spirals that are anchored by an underlying actin cytoskeleton (Matusek et al., 2006), and are able to expand their spacing relative to each other as t ...
PDF
... source of medial inductive signals could be the paraxial mesoderm, the neural tube (NT), the notochord, or any combination thereof. ...
... source of medial inductive signals could be the paraxial mesoderm, the neural tube (NT), the notochord, or any combination thereof. ...
RFX2 is broadly required for ciliogenesis during
... genes, we also examined the expression patterns of Rfx1, Rfx3, Rfx4, and Rfx5 in Xenopus. In situ hybridization showed that all Rfx genes were expressed in the neural tube (Supp. Figs. 2B, E, I, L), suggesting potentially redundant roles for these genes in the control of the neural tube ciliogenesis ...
... genes, we also examined the expression patterns of Rfx1, Rfx3, Rfx4, and Rfx5 in Xenopus. In situ hybridization showed that all Rfx genes were expressed in the neural tube (Supp. Figs. 2B, E, I, L), suggesting potentially redundant roles for these genes in the control of the neural tube ciliogenesis ...
Human HL-60 Myeloid Leukemia Cells Transport
... of mammalian glucose transporters also affect the capacity of cells to take up ascorbicacid,suggestingthefunctionalinvolvement of glucose transporters in this process.",'5,'6Two different glucosetransportsystemshavebeendescribedin maamalian cells: a family of facilitative glucose transporters compos ...
... of mammalian glucose transporters also affect the capacity of cells to take up ascorbicacid,suggestingthefunctionalinvolvement of glucose transporters in this process.",'5,'6Two different glucosetransportsystemshavebeendescribedin maamalian cells: a family of facilitative glucose transporters compos ...
Multiple post-translational modifications regulate E
... low affinity also binds to N-linked glycans (Natsuka et al., 2005). To permit unambiguous identification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, N-linked glycan formation was inhibited by treating the cells with TN before the glycoproteins were isolated by binding to WGA agarose. As expected, treatment with ...
... low affinity also binds to N-linked glycans (Natsuka et al., 2005). To permit unambiguous identification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, N-linked glycan formation was inhibited by treating the cells with TN before the glycoproteins were isolated by binding to WGA agarose. As expected, treatment with ...
E-cadherin controls β-catenin and NF
... to this sequence confirmed that p65 bound to this site. A specific retarded band was detected when we carried out the binding assays with nuclear extracts from SW-480 Snail1-transfected cells, and not with nuclear extracts from SW-480 cells transfected with Snail1 and E-cadherin (Fig. 4B). This band ...
... to this sequence confirmed that p65 bound to this site. A specific retarded band was detected when we carried out the binding assays with nuclear extracts from SW-480 Snail1-transfected cells, and not with nuclear extracts from SW-480 cells transfected with Snail1 and E-cadherin (Fig. 4B). This band ...
Platelet granule exocytosis: a comparison with chromaffin cells
... These granules are so electron dense that they can be detected by whole mount electron microscopy in the absence of staining. They are highly osmophilic when viewed by TEM. Dense granules play a critical role in hemostasis and thrombosis, releasing factors such as ADP and epinephrine that act in an ...
... These granules are so electron dense that they can be detected by whole mount electron microscopy in the absence of staining. They are highly osmophilic when viewed by TEM. Dense granules play a critical role in hemostasis and thrombosis, releasing factors such as ADP and epinephrine that act in an ...
M Accidental Hypothermia & Frostbite:
... has failed to respond to passive external rewarming. There is a risk with this process which is called “afterdrop”. When both the extremities and the trunk are warmed together, the cold blood which has been pooled in the extremities returns to the central circulation and can cause a drop in the core ...
... has failed to respond to passive external rewarming. There is a risk with this process which is called “afterdrop”. When both the extremities and the trunk are warmed together, the cold blood which has been pooled in the extremities returns to the central circulation and can cause a drop in the core ...
PDF - SAGE Journals
... different mammalian species (Chajek et al. 1977; Brecher and Kuan 1979; Eckel and Robbins 1984; Semenkovich et al. 1989; Ben Zeev et al. 1990; Vilaro et al. 1990; Nunez et al. 1995; Blain et al. 2006), and the functions of LPL in the central nervous system (CNS) are still under investigation (Wang a ...
... different mammalian species (Chajek et al. 1977; Brecher and Kuan 1979; Eckel and Robbins 1984; Semenkovich et al. 1989; Ben Zeev et al. 1990; Vilaro et al. 1990; Nunez et al. 1995; Blain et al. 2006), and the functions of LPL in the central nervous system (CNS) are still under investigation (Wang a ...
Full-Text PDF
... in fungi and higher plants. In most cases the extracts were first subjected to alkaline saponification before chromatographic analysis [24,25]. The saponification is most often accomplished by means KOH or NaOH in water or water-ethanolic media. The most commonly reported in the literature and effic ...
... in fungi and higher plants. In most cases the extracts were first subjected to alkaline saponification before chromatographic analysis [24,25]. The saponification is most often accomplished by means KOH or NaOH in water or water-ethanolic media. The most commonly reported in the literature and effic ...
Epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of early mouse development
... Figure 26: RFP+ β-cat CKO cells rarely contribute to mid- and hindgut formation ........................ 49 Figure 27: Sox17 is expressed in vascular endothelial cells in β-cat CKO embryos ....................... 50 Figure 28: β-catenin deletion affects Sox17 maintenance in the endoderm ............ ...
... Figure 26: RFP+ β-cat CKO cells rarely contribute to mid- and hindgut formation ........................ 49 Figure 27: Sox17 is expressed in vascular endothelial cells in β-cat CKO embryos ....................... 50 Figure 28: β-catenin deletion affects Sox17 maintenance in the endoderm ............ ...
Sodium in smooth muscle relaxation - AJP
... Goodford (11) has proposed a or may not block calcium influx and efflux at the same two-stage calcium removal process in the membrane rate (10, 13). However, it is being assumed that such consisting first of an energy-requiring process followed error will exist in both the control as well as test ca ...
... Goodford (11) has proposed a or may not block calcium influx and efflux at the same two-stage calcium removal process in the membrane rate (10, 13). However, it is being assumed that such consisting first of an energy-requiring process followed error will exist in both the control as well as test ca ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.