Primordial germ cells migration: morphological and molecular aspects
... The greatest unsolved question in the field of embryology is exactly which mechanisms maintain the PGCs during their migration as well as which factors control PGC migration and homing within the genital ridges. This process requires integrated signals involving contact of PGCs with extracellular ma ...
... The greatest unsolved question in the field of embryology is exactly which mechanisms maintain the PGCs during their migration as well as which factors control PGC migration and homing within the genital ridges. This process requires integrated signals involving contact of PGCs with extracellular ma ...
Regulative interactions in zebrafish neural crest
... Anderson, 1994; Le Douarin et al., 1994). In some developing systems, interactions among cells within a population contribute to cell fate decisions, such that the cells inhibit their neighbors from following the same developmental pathway; such interactions can be considered regulative. In the work ...
... Anderson, 1994; Le Douarin et al., 1994). In some developing systems, interactions among cells within a population contribute to cell fate decisions, such that the cells inhibit their neighbors from following the same developmental pathway; such interactions can be considered regulative. In the work ...
Mechanism of polarized lysosome exocytosis in epithelial cells
... exocytosis (Fig. 2A,B). These data are in agreement with studies in non-polarized cells, where actin depolymerization increased and microtubule disruption had no effect on lysosome exocytosis (Jaiswal et al., 2002; Laulagnier et al., 2011). This is because microtubule-based motors are responsible fo ...
... exocytosis (Fig. 2A,B). These data are in agreement with studies in non-polarized cells, where actin depolymerization increased and microtubule disruption had no effect on lysosome exocytosis (Jaiswal et al., 2002; Laulagnier et al., 2011). This is because microtubule-based motors are responsible fo ...
EMT in developmental morphogenesis
... lateral membrane adheres to each other (e.g., through adherens junctions); (5) Their basal membrane interacts with a specialized extracellular matrix, the basement membrane (e.g., through integrins and dystroglycan) [2–4,6,20]. Cells organized this way are considered to be fully epithelial (Fig. 2A) ...
... lateral membrane adheres to each other (e.g., through adherens junctions); (5) Their basal membrane interacts with a specialized extracellular matrix, the basement membrane (e.g., through integrins and dystroglycan) [2–4,6,20]. Cells organized this way are considered to be fully epithelial (Fig. 2A) ...
Signal Transduction by the Receptors for Thrombopoietin (c
... use (1) gp130 (for the interleukin-6 [IL-6]-type cytokines IL-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor [LW], oncostatin M [OSM], and ciliary neurotrophic factor [CNTF]), (2) IL-2 receptor y (IL-2Ry; for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-15), and (3) IL-3RP (for IL-3, IL-5 and granulocytemacrophage c ...
... use (1) gp130 (for the interleukin-6 [IL-6]-type cytokines IL-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor [LW], oncostatin M [OSM], and ciliary neurotrophic factor [CNTF]), (2) IL-2 receptor y (IL-2Ry; for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-15), and (3) IL-3RP (for IL-3, IL-5 and granulocytemacrophage c ...
Kainate Activation of Horizontal, Bipolar, Amacrine, and Ganglion
... ON-center and OFF-center cone bipolar cells have conformity ratios of 1.1 and 1.3, respectively, suggesting that their patterning arises from uncorrelated superposition of several independent mosaics. In fact, these ratios are actually lower than is characteristic of random distributions, which sugg ...
... ON-center and OFF-center cone bipolar cells have conformity ratios of 1.1 and 1.3, respectively, suggesting that their patterning arises from uncorrelated superposition of several independent mosaics. In fact, these ratios are actually lower than is characteristic of random distributions, which sugg ...
Effects of Antibiotics that Inhibit the Bacterial Peptidoglycan
... the activity of Salmonella cysteine synthase is decreased (Nakamura et al. 1984). Although these enzymes are involved in metabolic pathways in chloroplasts, the relationship between changes in their enzymatic activities and chloroplast division is unknown. As stated above, the effects of these antib ...
... the activity of Salmonella cysteine synthase is decreased (Nakamura et al. 1984). Although these enzymes are involved in metabolic pathways in chloroplasts, the relationship between changes in their enzymatic activities and chloroplast division is unknown. As stated above, the effects of these antib ...
The Development of the Cnidoblasts of Hydra
... The rod-shaped mitochondria are sparse, randomly distributed in the cytoplasm, and display an internal organization that conforms to Palade's (25) original description of the fine structure of this organelle. The mitochondrial matrix appears amorphous and is slightly more dense than the ground subst ...
... The rod-shaped mitochondria are sparse, randomly distributed in the cytoplasm, and display an internal organization that conforms to Palade's (25) original description of the fine structure of this organelle. The mitochondrial matrix appears amorphous and is slightly more dense than the ground subst ...
Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Expanded In Vitro Are a Powerful
... to Disruption of Cell-Cell Junctions Is the Obstacle for in Vitro Growth of HCECs Contact-inhibition is present in non-transformed normal cells when neighboring cells are in contact with one another. This fact causes low regenerative capability of in vivo human corneal endothelial cells. The convent ...
... to Disruption of Cell-Cell Junctions Is the Obstacle for in Vitro Growth of HCECs Contact-inhibition is present in non-transformed normal cells when neighboring cells are in contact with one another. This fact causes low regenerative capability of in vivo human corneal endothelial cells. The convent ...
neuropeptide y is a factor secreted by human endocardial
... endothelial cells (EECs) and that the activation of these receptors modulate cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ in these cells. Also, it was reported in the literature that EECs isolated from the right ventricle could be different than EECs isolated from the left ventricle. In this study, we wanted to verif ...
... endothelial cells (EECs) and that the activation of these receptors modulate cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ in these cells. Also, it was reported in the literature that EECs isolated from the right ventricle could be different than EECs isolated from the left ventricle. In this study, we wanted to verif ...
Immunity Cells Programmed by Mediators of Type 1 Nanotube
... Monocytes were cultured for 5–7 d at 37˚C in IMDM (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) supplemented with 10% FBS (cIMDM) in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 (both 1000 IU/ml; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). DC generated under serum-free conditions using either AIM-V (Life Technologies) or CellGenix b ...
... Monocytes were cultured for 5–7 d at 37˚C in IMDM (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) supplemented with 10% FBS (cIMDM) in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 (both 1000 IU/ml; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). DC generated under serum-free conditions using either AIM-V (Life Technologies) or CellGenix b ...
Human skin cells support thymus- independent T cell development
... fibroblasts robustly supported the development of cells that ultimately expressed T lymphocyte cell surface markers, including the CD3/T cell receptor complex. Optimal T cell production was observed when matrices contained at least 40–50% keratinocytes, as described above. From 1 × 104 precursor cel ...
... fibroblasts robustly supported the development of cells that ultimately expressed T lymphocyte cell surface markers, including the CD3/T cell receptor complex. Optimal T cell production was observed when matrices contained at least 40–50% keratinocytes, as described above. From 1 × 104 precursor cel ...
Thyroid from Stem cells Nature 2012
... molecular marker of cell specification towards a TFC fate. Although NKX2-1 (ref. 7) and PAX8 (ref. 8) are expressed individually in a variety of tissues and cell types, their co-expression is restricted to cells committed to differentiate into TFCs. Induced overexpression of defined transcription fa ...
... molecular marker of cell specification towards a TFC fate. Although NKX2-1 (ref. 7) and PAX8 (ref. 8) are expressed individually in a variety of tissues and cell types, their co-expression is restricted to cells committed to differentiate into TFCs. Induced overexpression of defined transcription fa ...
Endomucin, a CD34-like sialomucin, marks hematopoietic stem cells
... progenitors with short-term repopulating capacity (1). In adult mice, HSCs reside in the socalled “stem-cell niche,” which forms the microenvironment for HSCs in the BM. HSC behaviors are regulated by signals from their niche through cell-surface or secreted molecules. Understanding the molecular me ...
... progenitors with short-term repopulating capacity (1). In adult mice, HSCs reside in the socalled “stem-cell niche,” which forms the microenvironment for HSCs in the BM. HSC behaviors are regulated by signals from their niche through cell-surface or secreted molecules. Understanding the molecular me ...
A NIMA-related kinase, Cnk2p, regulates both
... During interphase, Fa2p localizes to the proximal end of the flagella, whereas during mitosis it is associated with the polar region of the mitotic spindle (Mahjoub et al., 2004). This was the first report of a NIMA-related kinase with both cell cycle and ciliary functions; Cnk2p is the second. NIMA ...
... During interphase, Fa2p localizes to the proximal end of the flagella, whereas during mitosis it is associated with the polar region of the mitotic spindle (Mahjoub et al., 2004). This was the first report of a NIMA-related kinase with both cell cycle and ciliary functions; Cnk2p is the second. NIMA ...
Comparison of Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence Microscopy and
... stress theoretical background. The phenomenon of electroporation can be described also as an increase in membrane permeability defined as electropermeabilization (Teissié et al. 1999; Sukhorukov et al. 1995). In this paper, we will use the term electroporation to refer to biophysical phenomenon, te ...
... stress theoretical background. The phenomenon of electroporation can be described also as an increase in membrane permeability defined as electropermeabilization (Teissié et al. 1999; Sukhorukov et al. 1995). In this paper, we will use the term electroporation to refer to biophysical phenomenon, te ...
Resveratrol Inhibits Proliferation and Survival of Epstein Barr Virus
... latent gene expression adopted by the virus. In this study, we have examined the antiproliferative activity of resveratrol on Burkitt's lymphomas with different forms of restricted virus latency. Thus, in the same cellular background, we have investigated the contribution that different patterns of ...
... latent gene expression adopted by the virus. In this study, we have examined the antiproliferative activity of resveratrol on Burkitt's lymphomas with different forms of restricted virus latency. Thus, in the same cellular background, we have investigated the contribution that different patterns of ...
MaterialsMetalsAlloys
... • Plastics are now used to __________ a variety of _________ materials, e.g. wood, metal and paper • Most plastics are (relatively) ________ to produce. This is one reason they are used to make _________ items, e.g. cutlery and cups. ...
... • Plastics are now used to __________ a variety of _________ materials, e.g. wood, metal and paper • Most plastics are (relatively) ________ to produce. This is one reason they are used to make _________ items, e.g. cutlery and cups. ...
Chapter 7: A View of the Cell
... bacteria, do not have membranebound organelles and are therefore called prokaryotes. Cells of the other type, those containing membrane-bound organelles, are called eukaryotic (yew kar ee AW tik) cells. Most of the multicellular organisms we know are made up of eukaryotic cells and are therefore cal ...
... bacteria, do not have membranebound organelles and are therefore called prokaryotes. Cells of the other type, those containing membrane-bound organelles, are called eukaryotic (yew kar ee AW tik) cells. Most of the multicellular organisms we know are made up of eukaryotic cells and are therefore cal ...
Optical Imaging Tools for Early Detection
... • Cancer initiating and cancer sustaining cells • Root of the disease—Characterized, in part, by an absence of markers or shared stem cell markers, metabolically less active, and may be more “like” normal cells ...
... • Cancer initiating and cancer sustaining cells • Root of the disease—Characterized, in part, by an absence of markers or shared stem cell markers, metabolically less active, and may be more “like” normal cells ...
-Chain Cytokine Signals γ Activation Is Independent of Jak3
... stantially inhibited using mAbs specific for IL-2 or the IL-2R, suggesting that IL-2 is an essential element in T cell proliferation (6 – 8). In later studies, it was found that IL-2 promotes the transit of T cells through the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle by upregulating cyclin D2, cyclin D3, cyc ...
... stantially inhibited using mAbs specific for IL-2 or the IL-2R, suggesting that IL-2 is an essential element in T cell proliferation (6 – 8). In later studies, it was found that IL-2 promotes the transit of T cells through the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle by upregulating cyclin D2, cyclin D3, cyc ...
Phenotypic Mixing of Retroviruses in Mitogen
... multiple copies (Coffin, 1982). A few replication-competent viruses are spontaneously expressed or can be induced from fibroblast cultures and have been characterized. Among these proviruses are a number of ecotropic (E-MuLV) and xenotropic (X-MuLV) viruses (Aaronson & Stephenson, 1976). Expression ...
... multiple copies (Coffin, 1982). A few replication-competent viruses are spontaneously expressed or can be induced from fibroblast cultures and have been characterized. Among these proviruses are a number of ecotropic (E-MuLV) and xenotropic (X-MuLV) viruses (Aaronson & Stephenson, 1976). Expression ...
Chapter 7: A View of the Cell
... bacteria, do not have membranebound organelles and are therefore called prokaryotes. Cells of the other type, those containing membrane-bound organelles, are called eukaryotic (yew kar ee AW tik) cells. Most of the multicellular organisms we know are made up of eukaryotic cells and are therefore cal ...
... bacteria, do not have membranebound organelles and are therefore called prokaryotes. Cells of the other type, those containing membrane-bound organelles, are called eukaryotic (yew kar ee AW tik) cells. Most of the multicellular organisms we know are made up of eukaryotic cells and are therefore cal ...
Malaria parasites form filamentous cell-to-cell connections
... described for PC12 and dendritic cells, or are close-ended, like T-cell-specific nanotubes [6]. Several functions were attributed to nanotubes, depending on the cell type, from which they originate. Assigned functions range from trafficking of vesicles or mitochondria, as described for PC12 cells an ...
... described for PC12 and dendritic cells, or are close-ended, like T-cell-specific nanotubes [6]. Several functions were attributed to nanotubes, depending on the cell type, from which they originate. Assigned functions range from trafficking of vesicles or mitochondria, as described for PC12 cells an ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.