The prime cause of cancer.
... extended by other workers with independent methods. PIETRO GULLINO, also in Bethesda, developed a perfusion method whereby a Morris hepatoma growing in the living animal could be perfused for long periods of time, even weeks, by means of a single artery and single vein, and the blood entering and le ...
... extended by other workers with independent methods. PIETRO GULLINO, also in Bethesda, developed a perfusion method whereby a Morris hepatoma growing in the living animal could be perfused for long periods of time, even weeks, by means of a single artery and single vein, and the blood entering and le ...
Network structure determines patterns of network
... The neurons with the highest values of g are selected to be inputs to the new cell, until the appropriate number of inputs is reached. Our results are not sensitive to modest changes in a (see Supplementary Data). Similarly, the output connections are drawn from downstream targets of nearby cells. C ...
... The neurons with the highest values of g are selected to be inputs to the new cell, until the appropriate number of inputs is reached. Our results are not sensitive to modest changes in a (see Supplementary Data). Similarly, the output connections are drawn from downstream targets of nearby cells. C ...
Roles of 14-3-3 and calmodulin binding in subcellular localization
... RGK (Rad/Gem/kir) proteins belong to a subfamily of Ras-related GTPases that consist of kir/Gem [1,2], Rad [3], Rem [4] and Rem2 [5]. Although the Ras-related core domain is conserved, RGK proteins exhibit unique structural and functional features that differ from other GTPases. These include the la ...
... RGK (Rad/Gem/kir) proteins belong to a subfamily of Ras-related GTPases that consist of kir/Gem [1,2], Rad [3], Rem [4] and Rem2 [5]. Although the Ras-related core domain is conserved, RGK proteins exhibit unique structural and functional features that differ from other GTPases. These include the la ...
Distinct Actions and Cooperative Roles of ROCK
... We have shown that inactivation and reactivation of Rho are necessary for the TPA-induced disassembly and reassembly, respectively, of stress fibers and focal adhesions, and that activation of the Rab small G protein family, at least Rab5, is furthermore necessary for their reassembly (Imamura et al ...
... We have shown that inactivation and reactivation of Rho are necessary for the TPA-induced disassembly and reassembly, respectively, of stress fibers and focal adhesions, and that activation of the Rab small G protein family, at least Rab5, is furthermore necessary for their reassembly (Imamura et al ...
PGC specification from epiblast
... shown in Fig. 3, all AP-positive PGC-like cells also expressed 4C9 (Fig. 3B,C shows double staining of an explant with AP and 4C9, respectively) and Oct3/4 (Fig. 3D,E shows double staining of an explant with AP and Oct3/4). In addition, when we cultured whole epiblasts, those marker positive cells e ...
... shown in Fig. 3, all AP-positive PGC-like cells also expressed 4C9 (Fig. 3B,C shows double staining of an explant with AP and 4C9, respectively) and Oct3/4 (Fig. 3D,E shows double staining of an explant with AP and Oct3/4). In addition, when we cultured whole epiblasts, those marker positive cells e ...
Cells without the calnexin/calreticulin central region are viable
... publications reported that calnexin/calreticulin can bind nonglycosylated proteins (reviewed in Williams, 1995; Jannatipour et al., 1998). Also, castanospermine and tunicamycin (a potent inhibitor of glycosylation) reduced but did not eliminate the binding of certain glycoproteins to calnexin/calret ...
... publications reported that calnexin/calreticulin can bind nonglycosylated proteins (reviewed in Williams, 1995; Jannatipour et al., 1998). Also, castanospermine and tunicamycin (a potent inhibitor of glycosylation) reduced but did not eliminate the binding of certain glycoproteins to calnexin/calret ...
Epstein-Barr virus inhibits the development of dendritic cells by
... infectious mononucleosis. However, LCLs cannot activate EBVspecific CD8⫹ T cells from naive donors. This is consistent with a number of human and animal studies that demonstrated a poor capacity of B cells to activate primary CTL responses.13-16 In contrast to B cells, DCs are efficient in triggerin ...
... infectious mononucleosis. However, LCLs cannot activate EBVspecific CD8⫹ T cells from naive donors. This is consistent with a number of human and animal studies that demonstrated a poor capacity of B cells to activate primary CTL responses.13-16 In contrast to B cells, DCs are efficient in triggerin ...
Isolation of Spherosomes with Lysosome Characteristics from
... activity after separation of the particulate compo nents from the soluble material indicates the pos sibility of an interaction between hydrolases and soluble factors. In fact the high speed supernatant contains an inhibitory factor for acid protease and phosphatase as demonstrated by determ inati ...
... activity after separation of the particulate compo nents from the soluble material indicates the pos sibility of an interaction between hydrolases and soluble factors. In fact the high speed supernatant contains an inhibitory factor for acid protease and phosphatase as demonstrated by determ inati ...
Kingdom Protista
... SWBAT list the prime characteristics of organisms in the kingdoms Protista; describe three ways that protists may move; list two general ways that protists obtain energy; explain fragmentation and conjugation in protists ...
... SWBAT list the prime characteristics of organisms in the kingdoms Protista; describe three ways that protists may move; list two general ways that protists obtain energy; explain fragmentation and conjugation in protists ...
Isolation of Spherosomes with Lysosome
... activity after separation of the particulate compo nents from the soluble material indicates the pos sibility of an interaction between hydrolases and soluble factors. In fact the high speed supernatant contains an inhibitory factor for acid protease and phosphatase as demonstrated by determ inati ...
... activity after separation of the particulate compo nents from the soluble material indicates the pos sibility of an interaction between hydrolases and soluble factors. In fact the high speed supernatant contains an inhibitory factor for acid protease and phosphatase as demonstrated by determ inati ...
Crosstalk between Notch signaling Pathway and Glutamine uptake
... In the immune system, Notch signaling is intimately involved in the process of T versus B lymphocyte differentiation from a common lymphocyte progenitor (Radtke, F. 2004[17] ) . Earlier studies have shown that activation of naive CD4+ T cells along with simultaneous activation of Notch1 signaling pat ...
... In the immune system, Notch signaling is intimately involved in the process of T versus B lymphocyte differentiation from a common lymphocyte progenitor (Radtke, F. 2004[17] ) . Earlier studies have shown that activation of naive CD4+ T cells along with simultaneous activation of Notch1 signaling pat ...
Endothelial Repair and Endothelial Cell-Derived
... accurate predictive biomarker relating to CV death and CV diseases progression [14]. Another controversy is that the endothelial cell-derived MPs are constitutive biomarker of endothelial dysfunction playing a pivotal role in in lammation, vascular injury, angiogenesis, and thrombosis, but their pre ...
... accurate predictive biomarker relating to CV death and CV diseases progression [14]. Another controversy is that the endothelial cell-derived MPs are constitutive biomarker of endothelial dysfunction playing a pivotal role in in lammation, vascular injury, angiogenesis, and thrombosis, but their pre ...
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Induce Plasma Cell Differentiation
... further contribute to antiviral protection directly and indirectly by recruiting other immune effectors. Thus, IFN-␥ is an antiviral agent as well as an activator of CTLs (Boehm et al., 1997). Furthermore, IL-10 (Moore et al., 2001) is a known activator of CTL precursors (MacNeil et al., 1990) and a ...
... further contribute to antiviral protection directly and indirectly by recruiting other immune effectors. Thus, IFN-␥ is an antiviral agent as well as an activator of CTLs (Boehm et al., 1997). Furthermore, IL-10 (Moore et al., 2001) is a known activator of CTL precursors (MacNeil et al., 1990) and a ...
Activation of the Protein Kinase Akt/PKB by the
... Akt and PI 3-Kinase Assays-- MDCK cells were serum-starved overnight in the presence of 10 mM Hepes, and E-cadherin-mediated cell-to-cell contacts were disrupted by treatment with EGTA to a final concentration of 4 mM for 30-40 min at 37 °C. Thereafter, intercellular interactions were allowed to re- ...
... Akt and PI 3-Kinase Assays-- MDCK cells were serum-starved overnight in the presence of 10 mM Hepes, and E-cadherin-mediated cell-to-cell contacts were disrupted by treatment with EGTA to a final concentration of 4 mM for 30-40 min at 37 °C. Thereafter, intercellular interactions were allowed to re- ...
- UCL Discovery
... of wild-type OA1 (Fig. 1F) and a smaller increase was observed upon expression of OA1-232c, but not OA1-D18, suggesting that OA1 activity might be required for increased lysosome size. It was not possible to determine which individual cells had been transfected in these experiments and thus for each ...
... of wild-type OA1 (Fig. 1F) and a smaller increase was observed upon expression of OA1-232c, but not OA1-D18, suggesting that OA1 activity might be required for increased lysosome size. It was not possible to determine which individual cells had been transfected in these experiments and thus for each ...
Chapter 8: Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle
... The cells that make up a multicellular organism come in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. Some cells, such as red blood cells, measure only 8 m (micrometers) in diameter. Other cells, such as nerve cells in large animals, can reach lengths of up to 1 m but have small diameters. The cell with the ...
... The cells that make up a multicellular organism come in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. Some cells, such as red blood cells, measure only 8 m (micrometers) in diameter. Other cells, such as nerve cells in large animals, can reach lengths of up to 1 m but have small diameters. The cell with the ...
Termination of autophagy and reformation of lysosomes regulated
... Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process by which cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are catabolized1,2. During starvation, the protein TOR (target of rapamycin), a nutrient-responsive kinase, is inhibited, and this induces autophagy. In autophagy, doublemembrane autophagosomes envelop and ...
... Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process by which cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are catabolized1,2. During starvation, the protein TOR (target of rapamycin), a nutrient-responsive kinase, is inhibited, and this induces autophagy. In autophagy, doublemembrane autophagosomes envelop and ...
Smooth Tissue Expander Product Insert Data Sheet
... • Sepsis, hemorrhage or thrombosis may result from the placement of any foreign object in the body. • The patient should be advised that vigorous body movement (e.g., physical exercise) or excessive manipulation or trauma in the region of the expander may cause stress to the device and result in s ...
... • Sepsis, hemorrhage or thrombosis may result from the placement of any foreign object in the body. • The patient should be advised that vigorous body movement (e.g., physical exercise) or excessive manipulation or trauma in the region of the expander may cause stress to the device and result in s ...
ASXL1 interacts with the cohesin complex to maintain chromatid
... ASXL1 (additional sex combs like 1) gene mutations frequently occur in a spectrum of myeloid malignancies, including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (1–4). ASXL1 mutation is a poor prognosti ...
... ASXL1 (additional sex combs like 1) gene mutations frequently occur in a spectrum of myeloid malignancies, including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (1–4). ASXL1 mutation is a poor prognosti ...
Developmental neurobiology of hydra, a model animal of cnidarians1
... developmental data are the most abundant among cnidarians. Hence, I discuss the developmental neurobiology of hydra. The hydra nerve net is a mosaic of neural subsets expressing a specific neural phenotype. The developmental dynamics of the nerve cells are unique. Neurons are produced continuously b ...
... developmental data are the most abundant among cnidarians. Hence, I discuss the developmental neurobiology of hydra. The hydra nerve net is a mosaic of neural subsets expressing a specific neural phenotype. The developmental dynamics of the nerve cells are unique. Neurons are produced continuously b ...
Effects of dietary components on Tight junctions (TJ) Lauric acid
... epithelial barrier functions, as shown in a study comparing commensal and probiotic strains (71). Using a reductionist in vitro model, which allows the co-culture of obligate anaerobic bacteria with intestinal epithelial cell lines, would facilitate comparison of mechanisms employed by probiotics an ...
... epithelial barrier functions, as shown in a study comparing commensal and probiotic strains (71). Using a reductionist in vitro model, which allows the co-culture of obligate anaerobic bacteria with intestinal epithelial cell lines, would facilitate comparison of mechanisms employed by probiotics an ...
Shield formation at the onset of zebrafish gastrulation - MPI
... Nodal antagonists Lefty 1 and Lefty 2 both during zebrafish and Xenopus gastrulation causes deregulation of Nodal signaling, expansion of mesendoderm and loss of ectoderm (Branford and Yost, 2002; Feldman et al., 2002). The expansion of mesoderm after Lefty 1/Lefty 2 inactivation is accompanied by a ...
... Nodal antagonists Lefty 1 and Lefty 2 both during zebrafish and Xenopus gastrulation causes deregulation of Nodal signaling, expansion of mesendoderm and loss of ectoderm (Branford and Yost, 2002; Feldman et al., 2002). The expansion of mesoderm after Lefty 1/Lefty 2 inactivation is accompanied by a ...
Differential roles for the low-affinity phosphate transporters Pho87
... Pho4 activity and Spl2. Furthermore, when cells are starved of other essential nutrients or are treated with rapamycin, the vacuolar targeting applies to both low-affinity Pi transporters, and this process is also independent of Pho4 and Spl2. Nonetheless, the vacuolar targeting of both Pho87 and Ph ...
... Pho4 activity and Spl2. Furthermore, when cells are starved of other essential nutrients or are treated with rapamycin, the vacuolar targeting applies to both low-affinity Pi transporters, and this process is also independent of Pho4 and Spl2. Nonetheless, the vacuolar targeting of both Pho87 and Ph ...
Beta cell restoration
... We’ve learned (in part due to JDRF funding) that beta cells not only continued to be present in the pancreas, but new ones were still being formed in some individuals who have had T1D for 50 years or more. JDRF also established that most pregnant women with T1D—similar to pregnant women without T1D— ...
... We’ve learned (in part due to JDRF funding) that beta cells not only continued to be present in the pancreas, but new ones were still being formed in some individuals who have had T1D for 50 years or more. JDRF also established that most pregnant women with T1D—similar to pregnant women without T1D— ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.