The MHC I immunopeptidome conveys to the cell surface an
... et al, 2011). Therefore, further systematic studies based on high-throughput technologies and integrative approaches are needed in order to elucidate the mechanisms that mould the immunopeptidome. In-depth mechanistic understanding of the immunopeptidome biogenesis would allow prediction of its mole ...
... et al, 2011). Therefore, further systematic studies based on high-throughput technologies and integrative approaches are needed in order to elucidate the mechanisms that mould the immunopeptidome. In-depth mechanistic understanding of the immunopeptidome biogenesis would allow prediction of its mole ...
Detergentsalt resistance of LAP2 in interphase nuclei and
... using LAP2α-specific mAbs. At prophase, when DNA starts to condense, LAP2α was still located predominantly within the nucleus (Figure 6A). However, a superimposition of the LAP2α (green) and the DNA (red) stain clearly showed that LAP2α was mostly concentrated in the space between chromosomes, and s ...
... using LAP2α-specific mAbs. At prophase, when DNA starts to condense, LAP2α was still located predominantly within the nucleus (Figure 6A). However, a superimposition of the LAP2α (green) and the DNA (red) stain clearly showed that LAP2α was mostly concentrated in the space between chromosomes, and s ...
Differentiation of Cardiac Myocytes after Mitogen Withdrawal
... Knowledge of the processes that regulate growth and differentiation has been expanded by the discovery that cellular oncogenes may encode peptide mitogens and their receptors or convey growth factor signals from the surface membrane to the nucleus (reviewed in reference 38). Intranuclear oncogene pr ...
... Knowledge of the processes that regulate growth and differentiation has been expanded by the discovery that cellular oncogenes may encode peptide mitogens and their receptors or convey growth factor signals from the surface membrane to the nucleus (reviewed in reference 38). Intranuclear oncogene pr ...
Phloem Tubes
... Using ringing experiments- phloem tissues are usually just found under the bark of a tree, thus if the tree is ringed, ie, tissue is removed then the phloem would be as well. However, the plant continues to survive for some time because the xylem lies much deeper in side but over time the plant di ...
... Using ringing experiments- phloem tissues are usually just found under the bark of a tree, thus if the tree is ringed, ie, tissue is removed then the phloem would be as well. However, the plant continues to survive for some time because the xylem lies much deeper in side but over time the plant di ...
Chapter 2.3 Active Cell Processes: Motility, Muscle, and Mechanotransduction
... motion of a cell adhering to a 2-dimensional substrate. Many of the same elements may be applicable in 3-dimensional migration through a matrix, but we understand that process much less well at this point in time. [A wealth of images and movies showing the migration of various types of cell can be f ...
... motion of a cell adhering to a 2-dimensional substrate. Many of the same elements may be applicable in 3-dimensional migration through a matrix, but we understand that process much less well at this point in time. [A wealth of images and movies showing the migration of various types of cell can be f ...
Animal and Plant Cell Culture: An Introduction
... is designed to develop key aspects of animal and plant cell culture, and to provide an introduction to the principles and techniques of animal and plant cell culture. Outcome 1 Explain the principles and applications of animal cell culture This Outcome focuses on the theory of animal cell culture, ...
... is designed to develop key aspects of animal and plant cell culture, and to provide an introduction to the principles and techniques of animal and plant cell culture. Outcome 1 Explain the principles and applications of animal cell culture This Outcome focuses on the theory of animal cell culture, ...
The grass leaf developmental gradient as a
... proposed for Arabidopsis (Franke and Schreiber, 2007), providing a basis for further genetic/genomic analysis of suberin biosynthesis and its regulation. The apparent similarity of the suberin-surrounded leaf BS and root endodermis is striking and suggests that these features may have common regulat ...
... proposed for Arabidopsis (Franke and Schreiber, 2007), providing a basis for further genetic/genomic analysis of suberin biosynthesis and its regulation. The apparent similarity of the suberin-surrounded leaf BS and root endodermis is striking and suggests that these features may have common regulat ...
pdf: Xu et al. 2008
... the fei1 fei2 mutant. The expansion defect in fei1 fei2 roots was suppressed by inhibition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase, an enzyme that converts Ado-Met to ACC in ethylene biosynthesis, but not by disruption of the ethylene response pathway. Furthermore, the FEI proteins in ...
... the fei1 fei2 mutant. The expansion defect in fei1 fei2 roots was suppressed by inhibition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase, an enzyme that converts Ado-Met to ACC in ethylene biosynthesis, but not by disruption of the ethylene response pathway. Furthermore, the FEI proteins in ...
Kingdom Protista
... • Phylum Sarcodina (Sarcodines) – What is a – Move and feed by using a pseudopod. vacuole??? – Movement is called “amoeboid movement” – Contain a food vacuole. – Reproduce asexually (mitosis) – Most common example: amoeba ...
... • Phylum Sarcodina (Sarcodines) – What is a – Move and feed by using a pseudopod. vacuole??? – Movement is called “amoeboid movement” – Contain a food vacuole. – Reproduce asexually (mitosis) – Most common example: amoeba ...
Synthesis and X-ray diffraction studies of the three metal complexes
... The assignments are made on the basis of comparison with the spectra of similar type of compounds. A broad feature at 3443 – 3350 cm-1 in the spectra of these complexes is attributed to the hydroxyl-stretching mode of water molecules. In addition a medium band approximately at 870 – 900 cm – 1 sugge ...
... The assignments are made on the basis of comparison with the spectra of similar type of compounds. A broad feature at 3443 – 3350 cm-1 in the spectra of these complexes is attributed to the hydroxyl-stretching mode of water molecules. In addition a medium band approximately at 870 – 900 cm – 1 sugge ...
Jasmonate Controls Leaf Growth by Repressing
... Phytohormones regulate plant growth from cell division to organ development. Jasmonates (JAs) are signaling molecules that have been implicated in stress-induced responses. However, they have also been shown to inhibit plant growth, but the mechanisms are not well understood. The effects of methyl j ...
... Phytohormones regulate plant growth from cell division to organ development. Jasmonates (JAs) are signaling molecules that have been implicated in stress-induced responses. However, they have also been shown to inhibit plant growth, but the mechanisms are not well understood. The effects of methyl j ...
Fukuda, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol
... Early ultrastructural observations indicated that the development of intracellular organelles, i.e. the enlargement of the vacuole and nuclei, and the increases in numbers of ribosomes and the extent of the rough endoplasmic reticulum occur during differentiation along the file of cell lineage from ...
... Early ultrastructural observations indicated that the development of intracellular organelles, i.e. the enlargement of the vacuole and nuclei, and the increases in numbers of ribosomes and the extent of the rough endoplasmic reticulum occur during differentiation along the file of cell lineage from ...
Chapter 13: Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and
... -Naked animal viruses can be released by exocytosis or cause lysis and death of the cell. Latency of Animal Viruses -Latent animal viruses are similar to lysogenic bacteriophages, but differ in that not all latent animal viruses are incorporated into host genome, whereas lysogenic bacterial viruses ...
... -Naked animal viruses can be released by exocytosis or cause lysis and death of the cell. Latency of Animal Viruses -Latent animal viruses are similar to lysogenic bacteriophages, but differ in that not all latent animal viruses are incorporated into host genome, whereas lysogenic bacterial viruses ...
ATPase in the plasma membrane of HeLa cells
... constant, and internalization of the subunit was not detected during the first 5-hour chase period (Fig. 3). Thus, the α1-subunit, once expressed on the cell surface, stably remains in the plasma membrane at least for 5 hours and slowly undergoes internalization and degradation processes, which is c ...
... constant, and internalization of the subunit was not detected during the first 5-hour chase period (Fig. 3). Thus, the α1-subunit, once expressed on the cell surface, stably remains in the plasma membrane at least for 5 hours and slowly undergoes internalization and degradation processes, which is c ...
Leaf Development - Plant Ontology Wiki
... interaction with other parts of the plant • Leaf senescence is usually characterized by a yellowing of the tissues and by various biochemical changes. • During the whole process different patterns of metabolism may occur. • Structurally, the most important changes occur at the time of abscission ...
... interaction with other parts of the plant • Leaf senescence is usually characterized by a yellowing of the tissues and by various biochemical changes. • During the whole process different patterns of metabolism may occur. • Structurally, the most important changes occur at the time of abscission ...
Chapter 18 Gene Expression
... • When glucose levels increase, CAP detaches from the lac operon, and transcription returns to a normal rate • CAP helps regulate other operons that encode enzymes used in catabolic pathways ...
... • When glucose levels increase, CAP detaches from the lac operon, and transcription returns to a normal rate • CAP helps regulate other operons that encode enzymes used in catabolic pathways ...
topic #4: angiosperm anatomy and selected aspects
... Sclerenchyma (“scler-” means “hard”) (A) Sclerenchyma refers to either fibers (very long and often associated with vascular tissue) or sclereids (shorter and located throughout the plant body). (B) Sclerenchyma has primary and very thick secondary walls. (C) Sclerenchyma walls are often lignified. ( ...
... Sclerenchyma (“scler-” means “hard”) (A) Sclerenchyma refers to either fibers (very long and often associated with vascular tissue) or sclereids (shorter and located throughout the plant body). (B) Sclerenchyma has primary and very thick secondary walls. (C) Sclerenchyma walls are often lignified. ( ...
Histochemical Polymorphism of Keratin Pearls in Squamous Cell
... It can be assumed that such staining of PAS-positive keratin pearls is due to development of parakeratosis, i.e. the process of keratinization abnormality. In conventional histological hematoxylin and eosin staining the third type of keratin pearls is revealed, which are characterized with weak eosi ...
... It can be assumed that such staining of PAS-positive keratin pearls is due to development of parakeratosis, i.e. the process of keratinization abnormality. In conventional histological hematoxylin and eosin staining the third type of keratin pearls is revealed, which are characterized with weak eosi ...
The Plant Cell - Utrecht University Repository
... Progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle requires the coordinated destruction of essential cell cycle regulatory proteins by the ubiquitin-dependent pathway (reviewed by King et al., 1996). Protein ubiquitylation is a multistep enzymatic process (reviewed by Ciechanover et al., 2000) that invol ...
... Progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle requires the coordinated destruction of essential cell cycle regulatory proteins by the ubiquitin-dependent pathway (reviewed by King et al., 1996). Protein ubiquitylation is a multistep enzymatic process (reviewed by Ciechanover et al., 2000) that invol ...
Plant Cell Wall Proteins: A Large Body of Data, but What about
... by interacting with plasma membrane receptors or by releasing signal molecules such as peptides or oligosaccharides [7–9]. Thus, a large variety of proteins are present in cell walls [10]. They have different physico-chemical properties, they may interact with other cell wall components and their re ...
... by interacting with plasma membrane receptors or by releasing signal molecules such as peptides or oligosaccharides [7–9]. Thus, a large variety of proteins are present in cell walls [10]. They have different physico-chemical properties, they may interact with other cell wall components and their re ...
Comparison of cryofixation and aldehyde fixation for plant actin
... Therefore, most plant studies have been accomplished using fluorescent phallotoxins in fresh tissues. Nevertheless, concerns regarding the questionable ability of phallotoxins to bind the whole complement of F-actin necessitate further optimization of actin immunofluorescence methods. We have compar ...
... Therefore, most plant studies have been accomplished using fluorescent phallotoxins in fresh tissues. Nevertheless, concerns regarding the questionable ability of phallotoxins to bind the whole complement of F-actin necessitate further optimization of actin immunofluorescence methods. We have compar ...
The pollen wall and tapetum are altered in the
... pollenin likely derives from several precursors that are chemically cross-linked to form a rigid structure (Guilford et al., 1998; Boavida et al., 2005). Programmed cell death (PCD), a physiological cell death process involved in the selective elimination of unwanted cells (Pennell and Lamb, 1997), ...
... pollenin likely derives from several precursors that are chemically cross-linked to form a rigid structure (Guilford et al., 1998; Boavida et al., 2005). Programmed cell death (PCD), a physiological cell death process involved in the selective elimination of unwanted cells (Pennell and Lamb, 1997), ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
... • When glucose levels increase, CAP detaches from the lac operon, and transcription returns to a normal rate • CAP helps regulate other operons that encode enzymes used in catabolic pathways ...
... • When glucose levels increase, CAP detaches from the lac operon, and transcription returns to a normal rate • CAP helps regulate other operons that encode enzymes used in catabolic pathways ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.