3. Taxonomy and classification of Algae
... Prochlorophytes can be unicellular or filamentous, and depending on the filamentous species, they can be either branched or unbranched. They occur as free-living organisms in freshwater and marine habitats, and as symbionts in colonial ascidians., and are mainly limited to living in tropical and ...
... Prochlorophytes can be unicellular or filamentous, and depending on the filamentous species, they can be either branched or unbranched. They occur as free-living organisms in freshwater and marine habitats, and as symbionts in colonial ascidians., and are mainly limited to living in tropical and ...
Review Convergent Extension - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
... Focusing on frogs and fish, we review the different cellular mechanisms and the well-conserved signaling pathways that underlie this process. One of the attractions of working on embryos is the fascination of watching them change their shape. Despite the temptation to study morphogenesis, most devel ...
... Focusing on frogs and fish, we review the different cellular mechanisms and the well-conserved signaling pathways that underlie this process. One of the attractions of working on embryos is the fascination of watching them change their shape. Despite the temptation to study morphogenesis, most devel ...
Maintenance of Shoot and Floral Meristem Cell
... forms, suggesting that cell-cell interactions probably dictate the boundaries of the WUS expression domain. WUS-expressing cells in the interior of the shoot meristem signal to their overlying neighbors to specify them as pluripotent stem cells (Brand et al., 2000; Schoof et al., 2000). Loss-of-func ...
... forms, suggesting that cell-cell interactions probably dictate the boundaries of the WUS expression domain. WUS-expressing cells in the interior of the shoot meristem signal to their overlying neighbors to specify them as pluripotent stem cells (Brand et al., 2000; Schoof et al., 2000). Loss-of-func ...
Stabilization Proliferative Potential and Telomere Length Increased
... pressing cells maintained a normal karyotype, and required antigenic stimulation and IL-2 for continued proliferation (data not shown). The hTERT⫹ CD8⫹ T cells maintained high levels of telomerase activity throughout the culture period (data not shown), suggesting that the increased proliferative po ...
... pressing cells maintained a normal karyotype, and required antigenic stimulation and IL-2 for continued proliferation (data not shown). The hTERT⫹ CD8⫹ T cells maintained high levels of telomerase activity throughout the culture period (data not shown), suggesting that the increased proliferative po ...
Full Text Article
... compounds (Cragg et al., 2005), immunosuppressive agents (Mann et al., 2001) and enzymes (Oldfield et al., 1998). Soil microorganisms provide an excellent resource for the isolation and identification of therapeutically important products. Actinomycetes are gram-positive bacteria with high guanine + ...
... compounds (Cragg et al., 2005), immunosuppressive agents (Mann et al., 2001) and enzymes (Oldfield et al., 1998). Soil microorganisms provide an excellent resource for the isolation and identification of therapeutically important products. Actinomycetes are gram-positive bacteria with high guanine + ...
Differential roles for the low-affinity phosphate transporters Pho87
... the regulation of many of these properties occurs via a Pho85– Pho80-dependent inhibition of Rim15 activity [19]. The ability of Pi to act as a nutrient signal affecting PKA targets is closely correlated with its uptake into the cell, as inactivation of Pi transport by destruction of the proton grad ...
... the regulation of many of these properties occurs via a Pho85– Pho80-dependent inhibition of Rim15 activity [19]. The ability of Pi to act as a nutrient signal affecting PKA targets is closely correlated with its uptake into the cell, as inactivation of Pi transport by destruction of the proton grad ...
PDF
... or B-A, or C-D-E or E-C-D, etc.), but not between phases (never AC-B, C-B-E, etc.). Finally, the most extreme form of competence control is where RPCs pass sequentially through periods to make each cell type separately. In our example, a single RPC would produce cell type A, then B, C, etc., althoug ...
... or B-A, or C-D-E or E-C-D, etc.), but not between phases (never AC-B, C-B-E, etc.). Finally, the most extreme form of competence control is where RPCs pass sequentially through periods to make each cell type separately. In our example, a single RPC would produce cell type A, then B, C, etc., althoug ...
Defining retinal progenitor cell competence in
... or B-A, or C-D-E or E-C-D, etc.), but not between phases (never AC-B, C-B-E, etc.). Finally, the most extreme form of competence control is where RPCs pass sequentially through periods to make each cell type separately. In our example, a single RPC would produce cell type A, then B, C, etc., althoug ...
... or B-A, or C-D-E or E-C-D, etc.), but not between phases (never AC-B, C-B-E, etc.). Finally, the most extreme form of competence control is where RPCs pass sequentially through periods to make each cell type separately. In our example, a single RPC would produce cell type A, then B, C, etc., althoug ...
Interaction with PI3-kinase contributes to the cytotoxic activity ofApoptin S Maddika
... (Rohn et al., 2002). However, it was also shown that a C-terminally truncated apoptin mutant, in which the phosphorylation site was deleted, was still able to translocate to the nucleus and induce apoptosis (Guelen et al., 2004). Thus, the interaction with other molecules or additional modifications ...
... (Rohn et al., 2002). However, it was also shown that a C-terminally truncated apoptin mutant, in which the phosphorylation site was deleted, was still able to translocate to the nucleus and induce apoptosis (Guelen et al., 2004). Thus, the interaction with other molecules or additional modifications ...
mic.sgmjournals.org
... involved in cell wall binding (Buist, 1997). As regards its enzymic specificity, AcmA was recently shown to be an N-acetylglucosaminidase (Steen et al., 2001), rather than an N-acetylmuramidase as predicted by sequence similarity. AcmA is required for proper separation of cells after cell division a ...
... involved in cell wall binding (Buist, 1997). As regards its enzymic specificity, AcmA was recently shown to be an N-acetylglucosaminidase (Steen et al., 2001), rather than an N-acetylmuramidase as predicted by sequence similarity. AcmA is required for proper separation of cells after cell division a ...
Targeted Stimuli-Responsive Dextran Conjugates for Doxorubicin Delivery to Hepatocytes
... specificity and affinity of receptor-ligand interactions, rapid internalization, and relative ease of processing. Dextran, a commercially available, biodegradable polymer has been conjugated to doxorubicin and galactosamine to target hepatocytes in a three-step, one-pot synthesis. The loading of dox ...
... specificity and affinity of receptor-ligand interactions, rapid internalization, and relative ease of processing. Dextran, a commercially available, biodegradable polymer has been conjugated to doxorubicin and galactosamine to target hepatocytes in a three-step, one-pot synthesis. The loading of dox ...
Cell Biology - Hardin County Schools
... called eukaryotes. Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes. All multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotes. Eukaryotes may also be single-celled. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have structures in common. All cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA. The plasma memb ...
... called eukaryotes. Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes. All multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotes. Eukaryotes may also be single-celled. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have structures in common. All cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA. The plasma memb ...
Cell shrinkage and apoptosis: a role for potassium and sodium ion
... apoptotic body formation (Figure 1A). These changes can be readily detected in most cells by their light scattering properties on a flow cytometer (Figure 1B), where changes in cell volume are thought to be the consequence of extrusion of water from the cell in early apoptosis, prior to apoptotic bo ...
... apoptotic body formation (Figure 1A). These changes can be readily detected in most cells by their light scattering properties on a flow cytometer (Figure 1B), where changes in cell volume are thought to be the consequence of extrusion of water from the cell in early apoptosis, prior to apoptotic bo ...
as a PDF
... lines proliferated only when antigen was presented in the context of a responder DR allele but not when presented in the context of a low responder DR allele. Analysis of immune sera revealed that those from donors with PBMC proliferative responses always contained antibodies reactive with B cell ep ...
... lines proliferated only when antigen was presented in the context of a responder DR allele but not when presented in the context of a low responder DR allele. Analysis of immune sera revealed that those from donors with PBMC proliferative responses always contained antibodies reactive with B cell ep ...
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition during gastrulation
... animals. Both gastrulation and EMT exhibit remarkable variations in different organisms, and no conserved role for EMT during gastrulation is evident. We propose that a ‘broken-down’ model, in which these two processes are considered to be a collective sum of separately regulated steps, may provide ...
... animals. Both gastrulation and EMT exhibit remarkable variations in different organisms, and no conserved role for EMT during gastrulation is evident. We propose that a ‘broken-down’ model, in which these two processes are considered to be a collective sum of separately regulated steps, may provide ...
In vitro control of neuronal polarity by
... absence of neurotrophicity of GAGs previously immobilized on the culture substratum. Although the mechanisms involved in GAGs neurotrophic effects and in the separate regulation of neuronal polarity by HS and DS were not elucidated, we found that, as opposed to HS, DS was able to enhance neuronal ad ...
... absence of neurotrophicity of GAGs previously immobilized on the culture substratum. Although the mechanisms involved in GAGs neurotrophic effects and in the separate regulation of neuronal polarity by HS and DS were not elucidated, we found that, as opposed to HS, DS was able to enhance neuronal ad ...
Stem cell technology for drug discovery and development
... In addition to using stem cells and their derivatives for more traditional drug screening they also have potential for discovering novel drugs or factors to promote endogenous cells to repopulate lost or diseased cells in conditions such as stroke. Regenerative drugs are already available, such as e ...
... In addition to using stem cells and their derivatives for more traditional drug screening they also have potential for discovering novel drugs or factors to promote endogenous cells to repopulate lost or diseased cells in conditions such as stroke. Regenerative drugs are already available, such as e ...
Integrin modulation of signaling to transcription factors
... Cells decide whether to undergo processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, based upon the cues they receive from both circulating factors and integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Integrins control the activation of the early signaling pathways. For example, g ...
... Cells decide whether to undergo processes, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, based upon the cues they receive from both circulating factors and integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Integrins control the activation of the early signaling pathways. For example, g ...
fine structure and morphogenic movements in the
... bear microvilli which are underlain with an electron-opaque layer composed of fine granular material and fibrils. The dense layer and masses of vesicles proximal to it fill the necks of the cells. In flask cells bordering the forming archenteron the vesicles are replaced by large vacuoles surrounded ...
... bear microvilli which are underlain with an electron-opaque layer composed of fine granular material and fibrils. The dense layer and masses of vesicles proximal to it fill the necks of the cells. In flask cells bordering the forming archenteron the vesicles are replaced by large vacuoles surrounded ...
Gamete Handling and Fertilization
... the jelly coat of the egg, which attracts the sperm to the egg for fertilization. LiCl showed a dose-dependent effect on the development embryos, as well as a teratogenic effect (Becchetti and Whitaker, 1997), an event supported by these data. The LiCl could also have affected the membrane potential ...
... the jelly coat of the egg, which attracts the sperm to the egg for fertilization. LiCl showed a dose-dependent effect on the development embryos, as well as a teratogenic effect (Becchetti and Whitaker, 1997), an event supported by these data. The LiCl could also have affected the membrane potential ...
Cell Proliferation Kinetics and Drug Sensitivity of
... The time course of survival of cells exposed to the 5phase-specific agents, ara-C, HU, and high-specific-activity [3H)TdR is shown in Chart 3. The results show that the percentage of cells killed by these agents correlates well with the percentage of S-phase cells in the population (see Table 2). Th ...
... The time course of survival of cells exposed to the 5phase-specific agents, ara-C, HU, and high-specific-activity [3H)TdR is shown in Chart 3. The results show that the percentage of cells killed by these agents correlates well with the percentage of S-phase cells in the population (see Table 2). Th ...
Effects of Lignification, Cellulose Crystallinity and Enzyme
... microbial growth Rnrl (or) enzyme Activity. by inac tivating the enzyme or by sterically hindering its at t achment to the structural carbohydrate. Chesson et al. (1982) showed that phenolic acids inhibited growth and cellulolytic activity of ruminal bacteria. Akin (1982) found that para-coumaric, f ...
... microbial growth Rnrl (or) enzyme Activity. by inac tivating the enzyme or by sterically hindering its at t achment to the structural carbohydrate. Chesson et al. (1982) showed that phenolic acids inhibited growth and cellulolytic activity of ruminal bacteria. Akin (1982) found that para-coumaric, f ...
De novo fatty acid synthesis controls the fate between regulatory T
... oxidative phosphorylation as a source of energy3, the induction of the glycolytic pathway is an active, lineage-decisive step that is required for the development of effector T (Teff ) cells of the TH1, TH2 and TH17 lineages4. Hence, in the absence of mTOR, or after treatment with the mTOR-specific ...
... oxidative phosphorylation as a source of energy3, the induction of the glycolytic pathway is an active, lineage-decisive step that is required for the development of effector T (Teff ) cells of the TH1, TH2 and TH17 lineages4. Hence, in the absence of mTOR, or after treatment with the mTOR-specific ...
bacterial cell shape - Jacobs-Wagner Lab
... and many other Gram-negative species, this is a direct link, but additional amino acids, the sequences of which can vary considerably, can form PEPTIDE INTERBRIDGES between peptides that are attached to adjacent glycan strands. By crosslinking the glycan strands together with peptide bridges, a stro ...
... and many other Gram-negative species, this is a direct link, but additional amino acids, the sequences of which can vary considerably, can form PEPTIDE INTERBRIDGES between peptides that are attached to adjacent glycan strands. By crosslinking the glycan strands together with peptide bridges, a stro ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.