Isolation and purification of cell wall polysaccharide of Bacillus
... was devoid of muramic acid, alanine, diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, and lipid, thus indicating that the isolated polysaccharide was of pure quality. ...
... was devoid of muramic acid, alanine, diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, and lipid, thus indicating that the isolated polysaccharide was of pure quality. ...
Microtechnologies for Cell Microenvironment Control and
... Abstract: A great breadth of questions remains in cellular biology. Some questions cannot be answered using traditional analytical techniques and so demand the development of new tools for research. In the near future, the development of highly integrated microfluidic analytical platforms will enabl ...
... Abstract: A great breadth of questions remains in cellular biology. Some questions cannot be answered using traditional analytical techniques and so demand the development of new tools for research. In the near future, the development of highly integrated microfluidic analytical platforms will enabl ...
Protophloem Differentiation in Early Arabidopsis
... The genetic dissection of cell identity acquisition in internal tissues is possible if distinct cell states can be distinguished by identifying cell type characteristics and/or genetic markers of cell fate. If gene expression profiles associated with specific differentiation states are identified, i ...
... The genetic dissection of cell identity acquisition in internal tissues is possible if distinct cell states can be distinguished by identifying cell type characteristics and/or genetic markers of cell fate. If gene expression profiles associated with specific differentiation states are identified, i ...
The Gram Reaction and Cell Composition: Nucleic
... whether this component is a substance which adsorbs the dye-iodine complex specifically or whether it is a barrier which prevents the outward diffusion of this complex. In either case, it would be expected that the capacity for retaining the dye-iodine complex would be reflected in the composition o ...
... whether this component is a substance which adsorbs the dye-iodine complex specifically or whether it is a barrier which prevents the outward diffusion of this complex. In either case, it would be expected that the capacity for retaining the dye-iodine complex would be reflected in the composition o ...
Sperm entry is sufficient to trigger division of the
... Emasculated pistils expressing either promFWA::FWA-GFP (Kinoshita et al., 2004) or promEC1::HISTONE2B-mRFP1 (Ingouff and Berger, 2009) were crossed with pollen from the HTR10::HTR10-RFP line or the HTR12::HTR12-GFP line (Fang and Spector, 2005). Female markers allowed the nuclei of the female gamete ...
... Emasculated pistils expressing either promFWA::FWA-GFP (Kinoshita et al., 2004) or promEC1::HISTONE2B-mRFP1 (Ingouff and Berger, 2009) were crossed with pollen from the HTR10::HTR10-RFP line or the HTR12::HTR12-GFP line (Fang and Spector, 2005). Female markers allowed the nuclei of the female gamete ...
4-3. Cell wall structure of E. coli and B. subtilis
... of MltD is probably wall recycling [69]. Recently, MltF was reported as an outer membrane-bound periplasmic protein and its C-terminal is a catalytic domain and the N-terminal appears to modulate the lytic behavior of the Cterminal domain [70]. PBP1B (ponA) that is associated with peptidoglycan bios ...
... of MltD is probably wall recycling [69]. Recently, MltF was reported as an outer membrane-bound periplasmic protein and its C-terminal is a catalytic domain and the N-terminal appears to modulate the lytic behavior of the Cterminal domain [70]. PBP1B (ponA) that is associated with peptidoglycan bios ...
Development of the liver in the chicken embryo
... malemmata or mitochondria. Extremely small vesicles are interspersed with the glycogen granules of the hepatocytes. “Dark” and “light” cells are encountered throughout hepatic development, and the former always outnumber the latter. Organogenesis of the liver was examined closely in embryos from Sta ...
... malemmata or mitochondria. Extremely small vesicles are interspersed with the glycogen granules of the hepatocytes. “Dark” and “light” cells are encountered throughout hepatic development, and the former always outnumber the latter. Organogenesis of the liver was examined closely in embryos from Sta ...
The many ways to age for a single yeast cell
... concurrently maintaining its fitness. Thus, daughters exhibit an intact replicative capacity to promote the population’s survival at the cost of the mother cells, which increasingly lose their individual replicative potential. After typically 25–35 division cycles, replicatively aged mother cells sta ...
... concurrently maintaining its fitness. Thus, daughters exhibit an intact replicative capacity to promote the population’s survival at the cost of the mother cells, which increasingly lose their individual replicative potential. After typically 25–35 division cycles, replicatively aged mother cells sta ...
Haematopoietic and immune defects associated with GATA2 mutation
... (Orkin, 2000; Bresnick et al, 2010; Rodrigues et al, 2012). In the embryo, GATA2 is pivotal in the endothelial to haematopoietic transition that produces the first adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and consequently, homozygous knock-out is lethal due to the failure of definitive haematopoiesis ...
... (Orkin, 2000; Bresnick et al, 2010; Rodrigues et al, 2012). In the embryo, GATA2 is pivotal in the endothelial to haematopoietic transition that produces the first adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and consequently, homozygous knock-out is lethal due to the failure of definitive haematopoiesis ...
Intercourse Between Cell Wall and Cytoplasm Exemplified by
... Nevertheless, the way in which arabinogalactan proteins transmit information remains largely unknown, perhaps because the number of different arabinogalactan proteins is large and the structure of their polysaccharide moieties is complex. A clue about this transmission is offered by recent observati ...
... Nevertheless, the way in which arabinogalactan proteins transmit information remains largely unknown, perhaps because the number of different arabinogalactan proteins is large and the structure of their polysaccharide moieties is complex. A clue about this transmission is offered by recent observati ...
Plant Cytokinesis Is Orchestrated by the Sequential Action of the
... The TRAPPII complex is required for cell plate biogenesis, and the exocyst is required for cell plate maturation. The TRAPPII complex sorts plasma membrane proteins, including exocyst subunits, at the cell plate throughout cytokinesis. We show that the two tethering complexes physically interact and ...
... The TRAPPII complex is required for cell plate biogenesis, and the exocyst is required for cell plate maturation. The TRAPPII complex sorts plasma membrane proteins, including exocyst subunits, at the cell plate throughout cytokinesis. We show that the two tethering complexes physically interact and ...
Microinjection into plant cells of etiolated - Products
... vacuole is only a few micrometers thick. As a result of the deformation of the cell wall during the injection and the sudden relaxation when the capillary penetrates the wall, the needle will often end up in the vacuole. Material injected into the vacuole is not only trapped but in many cases degrad ...
... vacuole is only a few micrometers thick. As a result of the deformation of the cell wall during the injection and the sudden relaxation when the capillary penetrates the wall, the needle will often end up in the vacuole. Material injected into the vacuole is not only trapped but in many cases degrad ...
Ploidy of Bacillus subtilis exfusants: the haploid nature of cells
... arise either by stickingof parental cells or through coincidence,i.e. their plating within a distance of about 0.4 mm. The previously reported experimental results can be accounted for in the light of our results. ...
... arise either by stickingof parental cells or through coincidence,i.e. their plating within a distance of about 0.4 mm. The previously reported experimental results can be accounted for in the light of our results. ...
DeadEnd Fluorometric TUNEL System Technical
... Cells dying by apoptosis often fragment into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies that are readily phagocytosed and digested by macrophages or by neighboring cells without generating an inflammatory response. This is in contrast to the type of cell death known as necrosis, characterized by cell swelling, ...
... Cells dying by apoptosis often fragment into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies that are readily phagocytosed and digested by macrophages or by neighboring cells without generating an inflammatory response. This is in contrast to the type of cell death known as necrosis, characterized by cell swelling, ...
The Arabidopsis sku6-spiral1 gene encodes a plus end
... a Multigene Family The T-DNA element responsible for the spr1-6 mutation was inserted at codon 75 within the second exon of a three-exon gene (At2g03680) predicted to encode a novel 119–amino acid polypeptide (12 kD; Figures 3A and 3B). BLAST searches of GenBank identified no SPR1 homologs outside o ...
... a Multigene Family The T-DNA element responsible for the spr1-6 mutation was inserted at codon 75 within the second exon of a three-exon gene (At2g03680) predicted to encode a novel 119–amino acid polypeptide (12 kD; Figures 3A and 3B). BLAST searches of GenBank identified no SPR1 homologs outside o ...
Sporangiophores' Technique Study Transpiration Pressure Probe
... which control water transport and plant cell growth (2-4, 8, 14). These pressure probe techniques have also been used to study the water relations of the sporangiophores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus (5). In general, pressure probe techniques require that there is a known relationship between the turg ...
... which control water transport and plant cell growth (2-4, 8, 14). These pressure probe techniques have also been used to study the water relations of the sporangiophores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus (5). In general, pressure probe techniques require that there is a known relationship between the turg ...
Cellular Force Microscopy for in Vivo
... The CFM apparatus is composed primarily of commercially available components: a single-axis capacitive force sensor (Sun and Nelson, 2007) mounted on a three-axis microrobotics actuator (Felekis et al., 2011). The setup is fixed on top of a standard inverted light microscope and isolated from extern ...
... The CFM apparatus is composed primarily of commercially available components: a single-axis capacitive force sensor (Sun and Nelson, 2007) mounted on a three-axis microrobotics actuator (Felekis et al., 2011). The setup is fixed on top of a standard inverted light microscope and isolated from extern ...
Tumor-specific T cells in human Merkel cell carcinomas: a possible
... al., 2002; Piali et al., 1995; Trimble et al.; Weishaupt et al., 2007). Indeed, prior studies have shown that the presence of CD8 T cells within the MCC tumor itself is correlated with better patient outcomes (Paulson et al., 2011). However, patients with tumors that showed infiltration with CLA+ sk ...
... al., 2002; Piali et al., 1995; Trimble et al.; Weishaupt et al., 2007). Indeed, prior studies have shown that the presence of CD8 T cells within the MCC tumor itself is correlated with better patient outcomes (Paulson et al., 2011). However, patients with tumors that showed infiltration with CLA+ sk ...
Chapter 4 Review Questions
... 39. The statement “Cells are produced only from existing cells” is part of the ____________________. 40. The ratio of surface area to ____________________ puts limitations on a cell’s size. 41. Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they c ...
... 39. The statement “Cells are produced only from existing cells” is part of the ____________________. 40. The ratio of surface area to ____________________ puts limitations on a cell’s size. 41. Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they c ...
The perichromatin region of the plant cell nucleus is the area with
... Splicing is the process that is responsible for the removal of intron sequences from pre-mRNA and requires U1, U2, and U4/U5/U6 snRNPs (Krämer 1996), as well as SR proteins (Birney et al. 1993). This process is a fundamental molecular event that is regulated at several stages of gene expression in ...
... Splicing is the process that is responsible for the removal of intron sequences from pre-mRNA and requires U1, U2, and U4/U5/U6 snRNPs (Krämer 1996), as well as SR proteins (Birney et al. 1993). This process is a fundamental molecular event that is regulated at several stages of gene expression in ...
Folliculin directs the formation of a Rab34–RILP
... emerged. To drive transport towards the plus end of microtubules that are typically located at the cell periphery, the small GTPase Arl8 recruits SKIP via its RUN domain, which in turn directly interacts with kinesin-1 [8,13]. The recently described BORC complex initiates this process by recruiting ...
... emerged. To drive transport towards the plus end of microtubules that are typically located at the cell periphery, the small GTPase Arl8 recruits SKIP via its RUN domain, which in turn directly interacts with kinesin-1 [8,13]. The recently described BORC complex initiates this process by recruiting ...
Immunity Hemopoiesis and Cellular Drosophila
... its expression is necessary for cell maintenance during development (12, 13). The Drosophila genome encodes three RUNX transcription factors, of which Lozenge (Lz) is involved in hemopoiesis. Initially, it was observed that in a lozenge (lz) lossof-function mutant no crystal cells are formed (11). L ...
... its expression is necessary for cell maintenance during development (12, 13). The Drosophila genome encodes three RUNX transcription factors, of which Lozenge (Lz) is involved in hemopoiesis. Initially, it was observed that in a lozenge (lz) lossof-function mutant no crystal cells are formed (11). L ...
Estrogen receptor prevents p53-dependent apoptosis in breast cancer
... cistromes (Fig. 3) with the 179 differentially expressed genes to determine which are directly affected by both transcription factors. We observed that there were 155 genes with an ER binding site and 38 genes with a p53 binding site within 100 kb of the transcription start site (Fig. S6). Of these ...
... cistromes (Fig. 3) with the 179 differentially expressed genes to determine which are directly affected by both transcription factors. We observed that there were 155 genes with an ER binding site and 38 genes with a p53 binding site within 100 kb of the transcription start site (Fig. S6). Of these ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.