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... 1. What are the stages of the cell cycle? What happens in each stage? Why must a cell go through the cell cycle? 2. How is cell division controlled? What types of checks are there? 3. What happens to cell division when a cell becomes a cancer cell? How do they “break all of the rules”? 4. Read the s ...
... 1. What are the stages of the cell cycle? What happens in each stage? Why must a cell go through the cell cycle? 2. How is cell division controlled? What types of checks are there? 3. What happens to cell division when a cell becomes a cancer cell? How do they “break all of the rules”? 4. Read the s ...
Taxonomy, biology and physiology of fungi
... material), parasites, or mutualistic symbionts (with algae make lichen). Secrete powerful hydrolytic enzymes. Cell walls contain chitin, an amino sugar polysaccharide also found in arthropod exoskeletons Lack flagella ...
... material), parasites, or mutualistic symbionts (with algae make lichen). Secrete powerful hydrolytic enzymes. Cell walls contain chitin, an amino sugar polysaccharide also found in arthropod exoskeletons Lack flagella ...
Nucleolin: A Multifunctional Major Nucleolar Phosphoprotein
... activities. Nucleolin also acts as a sequence-specific RNA binding protein, an autoantigen, and as the component of a B cell specific transcription factor. Its phosphorylation by cdc2, CK2, and PKC-zeta modulate some of its activities. This multifunctional protein has been implicated to be involved ...
... activities. Nucleolin also acts as a sequence-specific RNA binding protein, an autoantigen, and as the component of a B cell specific transcription factor. Its phosphorylation by cdc2, CK2, and PKC-zeta modulate some of its activities. This multifunctional protein has been implicated to be involved ...
The Growing Outer Epidermal Wall: Design and
... order, i.e. the OEW is a dynamic structure. Helicoidally arranged extracellular polymers have also been found in certain bacteria, algae, fungi and animals. In the insect cuticle crystalline cutin nanofibrils form characteristic ‘OEW-like’ herringbone patterns. † Conclusions Theoretical consideratio ...
... order, i.e. the OEW is a dynamic structure. Helicoidally arranged extracellular polymers have also been found in certain bacteria, algae, fungi and animals. In the insect cuticle crystalline cutin nanofibrils form characteristic ‘OEW-like’ herringbone patterns. † Conclusions Theoretical consideratio ...
Mechanisms of cell rearrangement and cell
... the medial side of the ovary (Fig. 2B). Slightly later a crescentcannot be distinguished from one another in phalloidin like staining is seen across the medial half of the ovary (Fig. stainings because they both have a similar spindle-like shape 2C). A short stack of 5-6 aligned cells with flattened ...
... the medial side of the ovary (Fig. 2B). Slightly later a crescentcannot be distinguished from one another in phalloidin like staining is seen across the medial half of the ovary (Fig. stainings because they both have a similar spindle-like shape 2C). A short stack of 5-6 aligned cells with flattened ...
Get PDF file - Botanik in Bonn
... cell growth (Green, 1984[72]; Williamson, 1991[233]). The biophysical constraints of the system determine that the orientation of the MT/cellulose polymers and that of plant cell growth are at right angles to each other (e.g., Green, 1986[73]). Then, within the multicellular context of a growing ape ...
... cell growth (Green, 1984[72]; Williamson, 1991[233]). The biophysical constraints of the system determine that the orientation of the MT/cellulose polymers and that of plant cell growth are at right angles to each other (e.g., Green, 1986[73]). Then, within the multicellular context of a growing ape ...
purification and amino acid analysis of two human glioma
... Two chemotactic peptides for human monocytes, GDCF 1 and GDCF 2, were purified to apparent homogeneity from culture fluid of a human glioma cell line. Although these two peptides were separated into two completely distinct peaks by CM-HPLC chromatography, their elution patterns from a reverse phase ...
... Two chemotactic peptides for human monocytes, GDCF 1 and GDCF 2, were purified to apparent homogeneity from culture fluid of a human glioma cell line. Although these two peptides were separated into two completely distinct peaks by CM-HPLC chromatography, their elution patterns from a reverse phase ...
Involvement of the Vacuoles of the Endodermis in
... the amyloplast localization and the cell shape and size, were restored (Figure 2D). However, the shape and arrangement of the cortex and pith cells remained abnormal (Figure 5C; see Figure 7D of the accompanying paper). These observations suggest that the aberrant endodermis of zig-1 is not responsi ...
... the amyloplast localization and the cell shape and size, were restored (Figure 2D). However, the shape and arrangement of the cortex and pith cells remained abnormal (Figure 5C; see Figure 7D of the accompanying paper). These observations suggest that the aberrant endodermis of zig-1 is not responsi ...
Production of macrophage activating factors by the mitogen
... with or without stimulated cell supernatants. Then, the phagocytic activity against inactivated yeast and peroxidase production were measured. Stimulated cell supernatants increased the phagocytic activity and the peroxidase production of allogenic peritoneal macrophages. The activities of these sti ...
... with or without stimulated cell supernatants. Then, the phagocytic activity against inactivated yeast and peroxidase production were measured. Stimulated cell supernatants increased the phagocytic activity and the peroxidase production of allogenic peritoneal macrophages. The activities of these sti ...
Intrusive growth of flax phloem fibers is of intercalary type
... and Emons 2000), and longitudinally aligned microfilaments (Ketelaar et al. 2002, 2003) and longitudinally aligned microtubules (Sieberer et al. 2002) in the subapical region, whereas cells with diffuse growth do not show such organization. The study on the mechanism of intrusive growth is hampered ...
... and Emons 2000), and longitudinally aligned microfilaments (Ketelaar et al. 2002, 2003) and longitudinally aligned microtubules (Sieberer et al. 2002) in the subapical region, whereas cells with diffuse growth do not show such organization. The study on the mechanism of intrusive growth is hampered ...
genes and enzyme complexes for polysaccharide synthases
... conserved across species [29••]. Maize CESA1, for example, groups with RADIAL SWELLING1 (RSW1), which is known to be involved in primary wall formation [13]. Another derived maize polypeptide, CESA8, is closely related to CESAs from other species that are expressed in secondary-wall-forming tissues ...
... conserved across species [29••]. Maize CESA1, for example, groups with RADIAL SWELLING1 (RSW1), which is known to be involved in primary wall formation [13]. Another derived maize polypeptide, CESA8, is closely related to CESAs from other species that are expressed in secondary-wall-forming tissues ...
potist power point
... KELP a plant-like protist. Kelp forests make rich habitat in oceans for many other creatures ...
... KELP a plant-like protist. Kelp forests make rich habitat in oceans for many other creatures ...
Transformations
... Aequorea victoria. These jellyfish emit a green glow from the edges of their belllike structures. This glow is easily seen in the coastal waters inhabited by the jellyfish. As with the bacteria Vibrio fischeri, we do not know the biological significance of this luminescence. However, there is a very ...
... Aequorea victoria. These jellyfish emit a green glow from the edges of their belllike structures. This glow is easily seen in the coastal waters inhabited by the jellyfish. As with the bacteria Vibrio fischeri, we do not know the biological significance of this luminescence. However, there is a very ...
Differential requirement for OBF-1 during antibody
... culmination of the B cell differentiation program, which is a multistep process that is tightly regulated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Because serum antibody arises from complex molecular and cellular interactions (migration, cellular interactions, and cell-autonomous responses to recept ...
... culmination of the B cell differentiation program, which is a multistep process that is tightly regulated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Because serum antibody arises from complex molecular and cellular interactions (migration, cellular interactions, and cell-autonomous responses to recept ...
Fine-mapping quantitative trait loci affecting murine external ear
... Gene expression and function analysis Gene expression studies for ear hole closure in LG/J and SM/J mice were previously reported (Blankenhorn et al., 2009). RNA samples were prepared in triplicate from day 0 ear holes and from day 7 ear hole donuts from LG/J and SM/J female mice (3 mm circular blas ...
... Gene expression and function analysis Gene expression studies for ear hole closure in LG/J and SM/J mice were previously reported (Blankenhorn et al., 2009). RNA samples were prepared in triplicate from day 0 ear holes and from day 7 ear hole donuts from LG/J and SM/J female mice (3 mm circular blas ...
MYB46 Modulates Disease Susceptibility to
... detection and absence of GUS activity in leaves following infiltration with 1 mM H2O2 or inoculation with PsDC3000 (Ps). The construct containing the 51-bp R sequence, single or duplicated, fused to the 45-bp minimal 35S promoter is shown at the base of the figure. The number of independent lines (N ...
... detection and absence of GUS activity in leaves following infiltration with 1 mM H2O2 or inoculation with PsDC3000 (Ps). The construct containing the 51-bp R sequence, single or duplicated, fused to the 45-bp minimal 35S promoter is shown at the base of the figure. The number of independent lines (N ...
REST/NRSF TARGET GENES IN NEURONAL AND BETA CELLS
... among the thousands of putative targets found within each whole genome.20 A comparative analysis of the NRSEs between species using a profile-based approach has refined the number of NRSE sites.12 Thus, 895 NRSE sites conserved in human, mouse, rat, and dog (with an estimated false-positive rate of ...
... among the thousands of putative targets found within each whole genome.20 A comparative analysis of the NRSEs between species using a profile-based approach has refined the number of NRSE sites.12 Thus, 895 NRSE sites conserved in human, mouse, rat, and dog (with an estimated false-positive rate of ...
LIGHT MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF PORELLA PLATYPHYLLA (L
... Pressel et al. 2009, He et al. 2013). Light microscopic investigations by bryologists have confirmed that (1) oil bodies rapidly disappear from herbarium specimens of most liverworts, (2) some species that grow under xeric conditions lack them altogether, and (3) they are as prominent in submerged a ...
... Pressel et al. 2009, He et al. 2013). Light microscopic investigations by bryologists have confirmed that (1) oil bodies rapidly disappear from herbarium specimens of most liverworts, (2) some species that grow under xeric conditions lack them altogether, and (3) they are as prominent in submerged a ...
Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 7 Membrane Structure and
... 22) Which of the following allows water to move much faster across cell membranes? A) the sodium-potassium pump B) ATP C) peripheral proteins D) aquaporins Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 7.2 23) You are working on a team that is designing a new drug. For this drug to wo ...
... 22) Which of the following allows water to move much faster across cell membranes? A) the sodium-potassium pump B) ATP C) peripheral proteins D) aquaporins Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 7.2 23) You are working on a team that is designing a new drug. For this drug to wo ...
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... pulse BrdU labeling revealed a slightly increased BrdU+ cell number in mutant crypts (Figure 2E). An increased number of mutant cells undergoing mitosis was also revealed by pHH3 staining (Figure 2, E–G), indicating that Cdc42 deficiency either triggered cell proliferation or blocked cell cycle exit ...
... pulse BrdU labeling revealed a slightly increased BrdU+ cell number in mutant crypts (Figure 2E). An increased number of mutant cells undergoing mitosis was also revealed by pHH3 staining (Figure 2, E–G), indicating that Cdc42 deficiency either triggered cell proliferation or blocked cell cycle exit ...
in Thymocytes and Mature T Cells Transduction Pathways to Induce
... Subsequently, the hormone-receptor complex translocates into the nucleus, where it modulates gene expression either by direct binding to its cognate response elements or via interaction with other transcription factors. In the case of thymocyte apoptosis, it has been previously shown that gene activ ...
... Subsequently, the hormone-receptor complex translocates into the nucleus, where it modulates gene expression either by direct binding to its cognate response elements or via interaction with other transcription factors. In the case of thymocyte apoptosis, it has been previously shown that gene activ ...
Heterochromatin silencing at p53 target genes by a small viral protein.
... selectively in the backdrop of global transcriptional changes that drive oncogenic cellular and viral replication. ...
... selectively in the backdrop of global transcriptional changes that drive oncogenic cellular and viral replication. ...
The role of Pex3p in early events of peroxisome biogenesis in
... detectable peroxisomal membrane remnants ("ghosts") and thus, hypothetically, a peroxisomal membrane template for peroxisome re-assembly. However, reintroduction of WT Pex3p in the mutant led to the rapid reappearance of a small peroxisome per cell that was invariably localised in close proximity to ...
... detectable peroxisomal membrane remnants ("ghosts") and thus, hypothetically, a peroxisomal membrane template for peroxisome re-assembly. However, reintroduction of WT Pex3p in the mutant led to the rapid reappearance of a small peroxisome per cell that was invariably localised in close proximity to ...
Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) that produces two daughter cells. In prokaryotes which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter cells. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the new cell is completely divided. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed. After cell division, each of the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. Although the various stages of interphase are not usually morphologically distinguishable, each phase of the cell cycle has a distinct set of specialized biochemical processes that prepare the cell for initiation of cell division.